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Legaliteitsbeginsel in die strafprosesregJoubert, J. J. 06 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Weens die gebrek aan wetenskaplike bewerking van die legaliteitsbeginsel in die
strafprosesreg, moet leiding gesoek word by leerstukke en beginsels van die staatsreg
wat gemoeid is met die onderdaan-staatsgesagproblematiek (rule of law, die regstaat,
due process of law en menseregte) asook by die legaliteitsbeginsel in die strafreg. 'n
Leerstelling wat gemeenskaplik aan al hierdie leerstukke en beginsels is, is dat
willekeurige owerheidsgesagsuitoefening teenoor die regsonderdaan in bedwang gehou
moet word deur reelgebondenheid. Daar moet veral gelet word of daar blyke is van
ontwikkeling vanaf die formele aspek (die beperkte eis dat daar 'n regsbasis vir
owerheidsoptrede moet wees) na 'n materiele inhoud (of die betrokke leerstuk ingestel
is op waardes wat aanduiding kan gee van 'n besondere geregtigheidsopvatting).
Die legaliteitsbeginsel in sy basiese verskyningsvorm vereis dat owerheidsoptrede moet
voldoen aan voorafbepaalde en vasstaande regsvoorskrifte; met wetmatigheid as
hoofkomponent van hierdie vorm van legaliteit, is die onderskeidende kenmerk daarvan
legalisme. In sy omvattende gedaante sluit die legaliteitsbeginsel die meeste van die
attribute van die engere verskyningsvorm in, maar stel verdere vereistes: dit verg dat
owerheidsoptrede moet voldoen aan voorafbepaalde, vasstaande en regverdige
voorskrifte wat behoorlik verorden is en volgens 'n vaste prosedure uitgeoefen word -
behalwe in daardie gevalle waar owerheidsoptrede, in die afwesigheid van uitvoerige
regsreeling deur toepaslike norme, gestruktureerde en gekontroleerde diskresieuitoefening
noodsaak. Daar word ter oorweging gegee dat die strafprosessuele regte
van die individu die materiele inhoud van die legaliteitsbeginsel in die strafprosesreg
vorm. Die meeste van hierdie regte is vervat in die Grondwet van die Republiek van
Suid-Afrika 200 van 1993.
Weens die eise van geregtigheid in die individuele geval, word diskresie-uitoefening deur
owerheidsagenture soos die polisie en aanklaer asook regterlike beamptes deur die
legaliteitsbeginsel geduld, maar diskresie-aanwending moet gestroop word tot die
noodsaaklike, aan beperkings onderhewig gestel word en ook gekontroleer en
gestruktureer word.
Met die koms van die nuwe grondwetlike bedeling en die instelling van 'n Konstitusionele
Hof kan stellig verwag word dat die strafprosessuele regte verder verfyn sal word en dat
die toekoms nuwe insigte op die gebied van strafprosesregtelike legaliteit sal bring. / Due to the lack of scientific treatment of the principle of legality in criminal procedure,
guidance must be sought from constitutional law doctrines that address the problematic
inter-relation individual vis-a-vis state authority (rule of law, the Rechtsstaat, due process
of law and human rights) and from the principle of legality in criminal law. A tenet
shared by these doctrines, is that the arbitrary exercise of executive power over the
individual should be restrained through adherence to rules. Whether development from
the formal aspect (that a legal basis for executive action is required) to a substantive
content (whether the doctrine concerned is committed to values reflecting a specific
concept of justice) occurs, is examined.
Basic legality requires that state action comply with rules that are certain and previously
formulated; with adherence to rules ("wetmatigheid") as its main component, its
distinguishing feature is legalism. In its comprehensive form, the principle of legality
includes most of the attributes of the basic form, but makes further demands: executive
action must conform to rules that are certain, already formulated and just,
properly ordained and executed in accordance with a fixed procedure - except in those
cases where executive action, in the absence of detailed regulation by legal norms,
necessitates the structured and controlled exercise of discretion. It is submitted that the
procedural rights of the citizen constitute the material content of the principle of legality
in criminal procedure. Most of these rights have been included in the Constitution of the
Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993.
Because of the demands of justice in the individual instance, the exercise of discretion
by the agencies of the state, the police and prosecution, as well as judicial officers, is
tolerated by the principle of legality: provided that this exercise of discretion is limited
to what is absolutely necessary, and is restrained, controlled and structured.
With the advent of the new constitutional dispensation and the institution of the
Constitutional Court, it may be expected that procedural rights will be further emended
and that some new perceptions in the field of legality in criminal procedure are imminent. / Criminal & Procedural Law / LL. D.
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Legaliteitsbeginsel in die strafprosesregJoubert, J. J. 06 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Weens die gebrek aan wetenskaplike bewerking van die legaliteitsbeginsel in die
strafprosesreg, moet leiding gesoek word by leerstukke en beginsels van die staatsreg
wat gemoeid is met die onderdaan-staatsgesagproblematiek (rule of law, die regstaat,
due process of law en menseregte) asook by die legaliteitsbeginsel in die strafreg. 'n
Leerstelling wat gemeenskaplik aan al hierdie leerstukke en beginsels is, is dat
willekeurige owerheidsgesagsuitoefening teenoor die regsonderdaan in bedwang gehou
moet word deur reelgebondenheid. Daar moet veral gelet word of daar blyke is van
ontwikkeling vanaf die formele aspek (die beperkte eis dat daar 'n regsbasis vir
owerheidsoptrede moet wees) na 'n materiele inhoud (of die betrokke leerstuk ingestel
is op waardes wat aanduiding kan gee van 'n besondere geregtigheidsopvatting).
Die legaliteitsbeginsel in sy basiese verskyningsvorm vereis dat owerheidsoptrede moet
voldoen aan voorafbepaalde en vasstaande regsvoorskrifte; met wetmatigheid as
hoofkomponent van hierdie vorm van legaliteit, is die onderskeidende kenmerk daarvan
legalisme. In sy omvattende gedaante sluit die legaliteitsbeginsel die meeste van die
attribute van die engere verskyningsvorm in, maar stel verdere vereistes: dit verg dat
owerheidsoptrede moet voldoen aan voorafbepaalde, vasstaande en regverdige
voorskrifte wat behoorlik verorden is en volgens 'n vaste prosedure uitgeoefen word -
behalwe in daardie gevalle waar owerheidsoptrede, in die afwesigheid van uitvoerige
regsreeling deur toepaslike norme, gestruktureerde en gekontroleerde diskresieuitoefening
noodsaak. Daar word ter oorweging gegee dat die strafprosessuele regte
van die individu die materiele inhoud van die legaliteitsbeginsel in die strafprosesreg
vorm. Die meeste van hierdie regte is vervat in die Grondwet van die Republiek van
Suid-Afrika 200 van 1993.
Weens die eise van geregtigheid in die individuele geval, word diskresie-uitoefening deur
owerheidsagenture soos die polisie en aanklaer asook regterlike beamptes deur die
legaliteitsbeginsel geduld, maar diskresie-aanwending moet gestroop word tot die
noodsaaklike, aan beperkings onderhewig gestel word en ook gekontroleer en
gestruktureer word.
Met die koms van die nuwe grondwetlike bedeling en die instelling van 'n Konstitusionele
Hof kan stellig verwag word dat die strafprosessuele regte verder verfyn sal word en dat
die toekoms nuwe insigte op die gebied van strafprosesregtelike legaliteit sal bring. / Due to the lack of scientific treatment of the principle of legality in criminal procedure,
guidance must be sought from constitutional law doctrines that address the problematic
inter-relation individual vis-a-vis state authority (rule of law, the Rechtsstaat, due process
of law and human rights) and from the principle of legality in criminal law. A tenet
shared by these doctrines, is that the arbitrary exercise of executive power over the
individual should be restrained through adherence to rules. Whether development from
the formal aspect (that a legal basis for executive action is required) to a substantive
content (whether the doctrine concerned is committed to values reflecting a specific
concept of justice) occurs, is examined.
Basic legality requires that state action comply with rules that are certain and previously
formulated; with adherence to rules ("wetmatigheid") as its main component, its
distinguishing feature is legalism. In its comprehensive form, the principle of legality
includes most of the attributes of the basic form, but makes further demands: executive
action must conform to rules that are certain, already formulated and just,
properly ordained and executed in accordance with a fixed procedure - except in those
cases where executive action, in the absence of detailed regulation by legal norms,
necessitates the structured and controlled exercise of discretion. It is submitted that the
procedural rights of the citizen constitute the material content of the principle of legality
in criminal procedure. Most of these rights have been included in the Constitution of the
Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993.
Because of the demands of justice in the individual instance, the exercise of discretion
by the agencies of the state, the police and prosecution, as well as judicial officers, is
tolerated by the principle of legality: provided that this exercise of discretion is limited
to what is absolutely necessary, and is restrained, controlled and structured.
With the advent of the new constitutional dispensation and the institution of the
Constitutional Court, it may be expected that procedural rights will be further emended
and that some new perceptions in the field of legality in criminal procedure are imminent. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL. D.
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Aspekte van aanwysings in die strafproses : en bewysregSwanepoel, Johanna Petronella 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Beskermi ng van fundamente le mense- en konst itus i one le regte het moderne
regstelsels tot herbesinning oor tradisionele bewysregreels rakende die
toelaatbaarheid van getuienis aangaande verklarings van 'n beskuldigde en die
privilegie teen selfinkriminasie gedwing.
Om die omvang van die stroming op die kwessie van getuienis oor aanwysings wat
op 'n onvrywillige of onbehoorlike wyse bekom is vas te stel, word 'n analise
gedoen van artikel 218 van die Strafproseswet, wat fokus op die toelaatbaarheid
van getuienis oor aanwysings en getuienis wat as gevolg van aanwysings
verkry is.
Die Appelhofbeslissing in S v Sheehama oor die toelaatbaarheid van getuienis
omtrent gedwonge aanwysings, word gesien as die beliggaming van 'n nuwe
filosofie rakende die beskuldigde se privilegie teen selfinkriminasie.
Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat die bepalings van artikel 218(2) onbillik
is, 'n skending van die beskuldigde se privilegie teen selfinkriminasie tot
gevolg het en herroep moet word. Voorstelle vir regshervorming word in
hierdie verband gemaak. / The protection of fundamenta 1 human and con st itut i ona 1 rights has caused
modern legal systems to re-evaluate traditional rules of evidence regarding
the admissibility of evidence concerning statements of an accused and the
privilege against self-incrimination.
To determine the extent of such a re-evaluation on evidence of paintings-out
which are involuntarily or improperly obtained, an analysis of section 218 of
the Criminal Procedure Act is undertaken. It focuses on the admissibility of
evidence of paintings-out and evidence obtained in consequence of pointingsout.
The decision of the Appellate Division in S v Sheehama on the admissibility
of evidence of pointing-outs, obtained by means of compulsion, is seen as an
embodiment of a new philosophy towards an accused's privilege against nondiscrimination.
It is concluded that the provisions of section 218(2) are unfair, infringe on
an accused's privilege against self-incrimination and should be repealed.
Proposals for law reform are made in this regard. / Criminology and Security Science / LL.M.
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Aspekte van aanwysings in die strafproses : en bewysregSwanepoel, Johanna Petronella 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Beskermi ng van fundamente le mense- en konst itus i one le regte het moderne
regstelsels tot herbesinning oor tradisionele bewysregreels rakende die
toelaatbaarheid van getuienis aangaande verklarings van 'n beskuldigde en die
privilegie teen selfinkriminasie gedwing.
Om die omvang van die stroming op die kwessie van getuienis oor aanwysings wat
op 'n onvrywillige of onbehoorlike wyse bekom is vas te stel, word 'n analise
gedoen van artikel 218 van die Strafproseswet, wat fokus op die toelaatbaarheid
van getuienis oor aanwysings en getuienis wat as gevolg van aanwysings
verkry is.
Die Appelhofbeslissing in S v Sheehama oor die toelaatbaarheid van getuienis
omtrent gedwonge aanwysings, word gesien as die beliggaming van 'n nuwe
filosofie rakende die beskuldigde se privilegie teen selfinkriminasie.
Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat die bepalings van artikel 218(2) onbillik
is, 'n skending van die beskuldigde se privilegie teen selfinkriminasie tot
gevolg het en herroep moet word. Voorstelle vir regshervorming word in
hierdie verband gemaak. / The protection of fundamenta 1 human and con st itut i ona 1 rights has caused
modern legal systems to re-evaluate traditional rules of evidence regarding
the admissibility of evidence concerning statements of an accused and the
privilege against self-incrimination.
To determine the extent of such a re-evaluation on evidence of paintings-out
which are involuntarily or improperly obtained, an analysis of section 218 of
the Criminal Procedure Act is undertaken. It focuses on the admissibility of
evidence of paintings-out and evidence obtained in consequence of pointingsout.
The decision of the Appellate Division in S v Sheehama on the admissibility
of evidence of pointing-outs, obtained by means of compulsion, is seen as an
embodiment of a new philosophy towards an accused's privilege against nondiscrimination.
It is concluded that the provisions of section 218(2) are unfair, infringe on
an accused's privilege against self-incrimination and should be repealed.
Proposals for law reform are made in this regard. / Criminology and Security Science / LL.M.
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The crime of obstructing the course of justice : is legislative intervention an imperative?Mnisi, Eric 06 1900 (has links)
In this thesis, the common law crime of obstructing or defeating the course of justice as currently applied in South African law, is considered critically. The purpose of the study is to determine whether the ambit of the crime should be extended to target all conduct which undermines the proper administration of justice in South Africa. The interests protected by the crime are investigated, and those important constitutional values which underpin the crime, are identified. These values are: (i) constitutional supremacy (ii) the rule of law (iii) the doctrine of separation of powers, and (iv) the independence of the courts. In a post-constitutional era, the question raised is whether the crime as developed in the common law adequately protects these important democratic values. The historical background and development of the offence are discussed. This is followed by a comparative legal study which considers the existence and ambit of the offence in certain foreign jurisdictions. The foreign legal systems considered are England, Australia, Canada and the United States of America. The study reveals that the crime has been codified in most of these jurisdictions. Codification was driven by the need for legal certainty and compliance with constitutional imperatives. The study concludes that similar reform is necessary in South African criminal law. It is recommended that the common law offence of obstructing or defeating the course of justice be repealed and replaced with a comprehensive statutory offence which criminalises all manifestations of conduct which are intended to defeat or obstruct the proper administration of justice. The proposals are based upon the identified constitutional imperatives which underpin the crime. It is argued that the legislature is the proper institution to initiate reform in this regard. Detailed recommendations are made, which include draft legislation. / Law / LL.D.
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The role of volunteers in the transformation of the South African criminal justice systemNxumalo, Thamsanqa Elisha 06 1900 (has links)
The history of the criminal justice system in South Africa, in the last decade is a history
dominated by the desire for change and transformation. It will be remembered that we are talking
of a system which, in the past, formed part of the State apparatus of a minority government which
included racist elements and highly restrictive legal regime in dealing with communities, crime and
criminals.
The criminal justice system is constituted by four core departments, namely: the South
African Police Services; Department of Justice, Correctional Services and Welfare.
The argument is whether the volunteers from the community should be involved at all in the fight
against crime or not. Some people feel that a system· of justice should be controlled by
professionals, who are accountable for their decisions, namely: the Police, Justice, and
Correctional Services. However, the research revealed that a system which excludes the community
from participating, will render itself ineffective and open to abuse.
This topic should be further researched within each department in the criminal justice system in
order to explore possibilities of attracting volunteers in the transformation of their respective
departments. / Penology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Penology)
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The crime of obstructing the course of justice : is legislative intervention an imperative?Mnisi, Eric 06 1900 (has links)
In this thesis, the common law crime of obstructing or defeating the course of justice as currently applied in South African law, is considered critically. The purpose of the study is to determine whether the ambit of the crime should be extended to target all conduct which undermines the proper administration of justice in South Africa. The interests protected by the crime are investigated, and those important constitutional values which underpin the crime, are identified. These values are: (i) constitutional supremacy (ii) the rule of law (iii) the doctrine of separation of powers, and (iv) the independence of the courts. In a post-constitutional era, the question raised is whether the crime as developed in the common law adequately protects these important democratic values. The historical background and development of the offence are discussed. This is followed by a comparative legal study which considers the existence and ambit of the offence in certain foreign jurisdictions. The foreign legal systems considered are England, Australia, Canada and the United States of America. The study reveals that the crime has been codified in most of these jurisdictions. Codification was driven by the need for legal certainty and compliance with constitutional imperatives. The study concludes that similar reform is necessary in South African criminal law. It is recommended that the common law offence of obstructing or defeating the course of justice be repealed and replaced with a comprehensive statutory offence which criminalises all manifestations of conduct which are intended to defeat or obstruct the proper administration of justice. The proposals are based upon the identified constitutional imperatives which underpin the crime. It is argued that the legislature is the proper institution to initiate reform in this regard. Detailed recommendations are made, which include draft legislation. / Law / LL.D.
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8 |
The role of volunteers in the transformation of the South African criminal justice systemNxumalo, Thamsanqa Elisha 06 1900 (has links)
The history of the criminal justice system in South Africa, in the last decade is a history
dominated by the desire for change and transformation. It will be remembered that we are talking
of a system which, in the past, formed part of the State apparatus of a minority government which
included racist elements and highly restrictive legal regime in dealing with communities, crime and
criminals.
The criminal justice system is constituted by four core departments, namely: the South
African Police Services; Department of Justice, Correctional Services and Welfare.
The argument is whether the volunteers from the community should be involved at all in the fight
against crime or not. Some people feel that a system· of justice should be controlled by
professionals, who are accountable for their decisions, namely: the Police, Justice, and
Correctional Services. However, the research revealed that a system which excludes the community
from participating, will render itself ineffective and open to abuse.
This topic should be further researched within each department in the criminal justice system in
order to explore possibilities of attracting volunteers in the transformation of their respective
departments. / Penology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Penology)
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