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No description available.

No description available.

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The study is concerned with housing problems for low income groups in the Sudan, with special reference to the Capital. The analysis of the Capital's housing problem revealed a lack of a comprehensive housing policy or physical development plan. Haphazard land distributions systems exacerbated the rapid horizontal expansion of low density housing in the city. It was found that government sponsored housing assistance paradoxically tended to aid a highly paid elite. Lack of co-ordination between government units and departments concerned with housing policy resulted in wastage of limited public resources. The housing programme was further hindered by an inadequate modern building technology. Socially, the housing shortage has been worsened in recent years by a continuous rural migration resulting in an over concentration of wealth and employment opportunities in the Capital. The huge growth in illegal housing and squatter settlements was the predictable result of this trend. Lack of technical knowledge has resulted in the construction of housing with inadequate thermal control. Detailed thermal studies were carried out during the course of this study in order to determine optimum building orientation in Khartoum to achieve adequate standards of thermal comfort. Sudanese social traditions were considered to have a great influence on housing design. An analysis of these traditions was prepared including the use of multi functional open space to serve the complex social activities. The main objective of the Thesis was to arrive at an alternative solution to the housing problems. A study of non-profit and self- help housing techniques in housing development revealed a possible direction. Because of lack of both public and private finance, non-profit housing techniques were found to be the most appropriate for the Capital. Such techniques could cultivate the populations monetary and non-monetary resources. The solution proposed was twofold: 1) The establishment of adequate housing standards for non-profit housing associations catering for high and middle income groups. 2) Self-help, self-building housing for low income groups. The Capital's housing needs were projected to 1990 and a detailed building programme set out to achieve the resolution of these needs. Careful analysis of government expenditure suggested that, with the application of non-profit techniques, only a relatively modest public capital contribution was required to begin the diminution of the housing problem in the Sudan.

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This study is concerned with the problems of low-income housing in Seoul, the capital of the Republic of Korea. In considering Korean housing policy it focusses on the role of the public sector and the attempts that are currently being made to supply state-developed housing for urban low-income groups in Seoul. The overall aim is to highlight the major factors governing the formulation of a housing policy for the achievement of a high level of public satisfaction, socioeconomic fulfilment and environmental quality. With the over-concentration of wealth and emplovment opportunities in the capital in recent years, the housing shortage has grown increasingly acute. A massive growth in illegal housing and squatter settlements has been the predictable result. The consequence of limited public investment in the housing sector is that it is practically impossible to allocate sufficient resources for the housing needs of the low-income group, and without a clear understanding of the needs of the recipient population. Paradoxically, it was found that state-developed housing in Seoul tended to aid the middle or upper income groups. These groups often consume a vastly disproportionate share of housing resources. whatever funds and resources are available should in effect be rationed to meet the most urgent needs for shelter. In order to achieve the objectives of this study and to widen the range of information available to establish a firm basis for the analysis of the current housing situation, it was necessary to collect data about existing state-developed housing, both in terms of the machinery of provision and the dwellings constructed. General information was collected about housing institutions, about finance, and about laws and regulations affecting state-developed housing. Information about particular housing Danchis(estates) of varying types was collected in Seoul to form the starting point for a household survey designed to build up a more detailed picture of the physical character of dwellings, dwelling control, environmental locus, relative locus, housing mobility and the burden of financing. The resulting analysis, and discussions based on the field survey and investigations, made possible an examination of a wide range of information which is closely related to the residential and social functions of housing development. The thesis concludes with recommendations, and with an alternative policy strategy drawn from the various strands of the research, which might be used as a basis for a rational, equitable housing policy both in the medium and long term.

No description available.