<p>Den här rapporten beskriver arbetet och utförda studier inom området kryptering och VPN. Fokus ligger på hur väl krypteringsalgoritmerna Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) och Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) skalar i en förutbestämd miljö. Huvudfokus har varit att svara på frågan: Vilken av krypteringsalgoritmerna AES och 3DES kräver minst systemresurser? Under utbildningstiden har det flera gånger framförts att 3DES-algoritmen skulle vara mer krävande för krypteringsenheterna att utföra jämfört med AES. Denna rapport söker finna om det är så det förhåller sig och i så fall hur stor skillnaden är mellan algoritmerna. För att söka svar på frågorna genomfördes ett flertal experiment. Dessa syftade till att påvisa eller vederlägga ovan beskrivna påståenden kring 3DES och AES. Resultatet av utförda experiment blev att ingen större skillnad kunde noteras mellan 3DES och AES. Detta står i stark kontrast till de påståenden som ofta florerar kring krypteringsalgoritmerna 3DES och AES</p> / <p>This report describes the work and studies carried out in the field of encryption and VPN. The focus is on how well the encryption algorithms Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) perform in a predetermined environment. The main focus has been to answer the question: Which of the encryption algorithms AES and 3DES requires less system resources. During the period  of studies, lectures and literature have several times claimed the 3DES algorithm to require more resources of encryption devices, compared to AES. This report tries to find if it is a fact and if so how big is the difference between the algorithms. To seek  answers to the questions, a number of experiments was performed. These experiments were intended to demonstrate or refute the above claims about 3DES and AES. The results of the performed experiments shows no major differences between 3DES and AES. This differs from what have been publicly accepted concerning facts regarding encryption algorithms 3DES and AES.</p>

This research focuses on developing a set of secure communication network testbeds and using them to measure the overhead of IP Security (IPSec) for email and web applications. The network testbeds are implemented using both wireline and wireless technologies. The testing involves a combination of authentication algorithms such as Hashed Message Authentication Code-Message Digest 5 (HMAC-MD5) and Hashed Message Authentication Code-Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (HMAC-SHA1), implemented through different authentication protocols such as ESP and AH, and used in conjunction with the Triple Digital Encryption Standard (3DES). The research examines the overhead using no encryption and no authentication, authentication and no encryption, and authentication and encryption. A variety of different sizes of compressed and uncompressed files, are considered when measuring the overhead. The testbed realizes security using IPSec to secure the connection between different nodes. The email protocol that is used is the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and the web protocol considered is the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The key metrics considered are the network load in bytes, the number of packets, and the transfer time. This research emphasizes the importance of using HTTP to access files than using SMTP. Use of HTTP requires fewer packets, lower network loads, and lower transfer times than SMTP. It is demonstrated that this difference, which occurs regardless of security, is magnified by the use of authentication and encryption. The results also indicate the value of using compressed files for file transfers. Compressed and uncompressed files require the same transfer time, network load and number of packets since FreeS/WAN IPSec does not carry any form of compression on the data before passing it to the data link layer. Both authentication algorithms, HMAC-MD5 and HMAC- SHA1, result in about the same network load and number of packets. However, HMAC-SHA1 results in a higher transfer time than HMAC-MD5 because of SHA1's higher computational requirements. ESP authentication and ESP encryption reduce the network load for small files only, compared to ESP encryption and AH authentication. ESP authentication could not be compared with AH authentication, since the FreeS/WAN IPSec implementation used in the study does not support ESP authentication without using encryption. In a wireless environment, using IPSec does not increase the network load and the number of transactions, when compared to a wireline environment. Also, the effect of security on transfer time is higher compared to a wireline environment, even though that increase is overshadowed by the high transfer time percentage increase due to the wireless medium. / Master of Science

Den här rapporten beskriver arbetet och utförda studier inom området kryptering och VPN. Fokus ligger på hur väl krypteringsalgoritmerna Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) och Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) skalar i en förutbestämd miljö. Huvudfokus har varit att svara på frågan: Vilken av krypteringsalgoritmerna AES och 3DES kräver minst systemresurser? Under utbildningstiden har det flera gånger framförts att 3DES-algoritmen skulle vara mer krävande för krypteringsenheterna att utföra jämfört med AES. Denna rapport söker finna om det är så det förhåller sig och i så fall hur stor skillnaden är mellan algoritmerna. För att söka svar på frågorna genomfördes ett flertal experiment. Dessa syftade till att påvisa eller vederlägga ovan beskrivna påståenden kring 3DES och AES. Resultatet av utförda experiment blev att ingen större skillnad kunde noteras mellan 3DES och AES. Detta står i stark kontrast till de påståenden som ofta florerar kring krypteringsalgoritmerna 3DES och AES / This report describes the work and studies carried out in the field of encryption and VPN. The focus is on how well the encryption algorithms Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) perform in a predetermined environment. The main focus has been to answer the question: Which of the encryption algorithms AES and 3DES requires less system resources. During the period  of studies, lectures and literature have several times claimed the 3DES algorithm to require more resources of encryption devices, compared to AES. This report tries to find if it is a fact and if so how big is the difference between the algorithms. To seek  answers to the questions, a number of experiments was performed. These experiments were intended to demonstrate or refute the above claims about 3DES and AES. The results of the performed experiments shows no major differences between 3DES and AES. This differs from what have been publicly accepted concerning facts regarding encryption algorithms 3DES and AES.

The ubiquity of Internet connectivity means there is a greater need for computer network safety and security. Cost-effective secure computing networks and broadband applications not only need a sophisticated cryptosystem to accelerate data encryption, but also need substantial computational power to handle large data streams. Reconfigurable System-on-Chip (rSoC) technology is well suited to accelerate network cryptographic applications by implementing the entire computing application on a single reconfigurable chip. Hardware-software co-design and hardware-software communication are some key questions involved in using this rSoC technology. This thesis investigates how best to accelerate a cryptographic application using rSoC technology. Some background on FPGAs, reconfigurable computing, inter-process communication methods, hardware/software co-design, cryptography in general, and 3DES in particular are firstly introduced. Some existing reconfigurable computing systems and 3DES implementations on FPGA are then reviewed and analyzed. A new general hardware-software architecture, which consists of a CPU, memories, customized peripherals and buses on a single FPGA chip, is designed to accelerate the security application. The 3DES application is divided into four functional modules: input, subkey generation, data processing, and output modules. Shared memory with semaphores is chosen for the inter-module communication. A complete inter-module communication solution is presented for hardware and software module communications. A generic component, HWCOM, is designed for those communications which involve hardware modules. Experimental results show that using two buffers as shared memories between communication modules and increasing shared memory size are good methods for transferring data between hardware/software modules more efficiently. When investigating the best hardware/software partition scheme, all 3DES modules are first executed in software on the FPGA. The experimental results of 83Kbps encryption throughput indicate that the software-only solution is not satisfactory. Through profiling, the bottleneck is shown to be the data processing module and the subkey generation module, which are then implemented in hardware. Experimental results show an improved 179Mbps throughput. This presents over 2000 times acceleration compared to software and shows that the hardware-software co-implementation can efficiently accelerate the 3DES application with good performance and flexibility.

The presented text deals with designing of a multilingual application and its following implementation in the C++ language. The application encrypts disk volumes with Microsoft Windows system using symmetric cryptography and password authentication, where the password security strength is verified. Securing the sensitive data is one of the important security goals in area of information technology. The symmetric cryptography uses the same key for both the encryption and the decryption and due to its speed it is suitable for the data storage encryption. For the higher security it is possible to encrypt a whole disk volume with sensitive data.

The purpose of this thesis work was to conduct a general research on existing security techniques and come up with a considerable algorithm for data security in cloud storage. Cloud storage is an infrastructure or is a model of computer data storage in which the digital data is stored in logical pools. It unifies object storage for both developers and enterprises, from live applications data to cloud archival. It help to save valuable space on PC computers or mobile devices and provides the easy storage and access of data anywhere in the world. However, just as the benefits of cloud computing abounds, so also are the risks involved. If data are not well secured or encrypted before deployment for storage in the cloud, in case of negligence on the side of the developers, then hackers can gain unauthorized access to the data. The behavior of existing security algorithms on data were studied, the encryption and decryption process of the each algorithm on data was studied and also their weaknesses against attacks. Apart from data encryption, security policies also plays an important roll in cloud storage which was also covered in this report. The research work was conducted through the use of online publications, literature review, books, academic publications and reputable research materials. The study showed that regardless of the challenges in cloud storage, there is still a suitable algorithm for protecting data against attack in the cloud.