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劉慶華. / Manuscript (cops. 2-3 復印本). / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院語文學部. / Manuscript (cops. 2-3 fu yin ben). / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 372-387). / Liu Qinghua. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan yu wen xue bu. / 前言 / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 / Chapter 第一節 --- 論齊梁文風 / Chapter 第二節 --- 沈約與當時文風 / Chapter 第二章 --- 沈約之世系及生平 / Chapter 第一節 --- 沈約之世系 / Chapter 第二節 --- 沈約之生平 / Chapter 第三節 --- 結論 / Chapter 第三章 --- 沈約的文學理論 / Chapter 第一節 --- 《宋書．謝靈運傳論》中的文學理論 / Chapter （1） --- 詩歌的起源問題 / Chapter （2） --- 關於情和文的關係問題 / Chapter （3） --- 聲律問題 / Chapter 第二節 --- 關於四聲的問題 / Chapter （1） --- 沈約與四聲 / Chapter （2） --- 四聲與宮商的關係 / Chapter 第三節 --- 關於八病的問題 / Chapter （1） --- 八病的解說 / Chapter （2） --- 沈約與八病 / Chapter 第四節 --- 結論 / Chapter 第四章 --- 沈約的文學作品欣賞 / Chapter 第一節 --- 五言詩 / Chapter （1） --- 五言詩的分類 / Chapter （2） --- 沈約五言詩的欣賞 / Chapter （3） --- 從平頭、上尾、蜂腰、鶴膝看沈約的五言詩 / Chapter （4） --- 從唐代律詩形式看沈約的五言詩 / Chapter 第二節 --- 樂府 / Chapter （1） --- 樂府的分類 / Chapter （2） --- 樂府欣賞 / Chapter 第三節 --- 賦 / Chapter （1） --- 賦的分類 / Chapter （2） --- 賦的欣賞 / Chapter 第四節 --- 結論 / Chapter 第五章 --- 鍾嶸《詩品》沈約評語中的幾個問題 / Chapter 第一節 --- 論「憲章鮑明遠」 / Chapter 第二節 --- 關於「于時（永明）謝朓未遒，江淹才盡，范雲名級故微，故約稱獨步。」 / Chapter （1） --- 謝朓未遒 / Chapter （2） --- 江淹才盡 / Chapter （3） --- 范雲名級故微 / Chapter 第三節 --- 論「詞密于范，意淺于江」 / Chapter （1） --- 詞密于范 / Chapter （2） --- 意淺于江 / Chapter 第四節 --- 結論 / Chapter 第六章 --- 總結 / 附錄 / 參考書目 / 參考論文

This thesis explores the relationship between the avant-garde and humour during two critical historical periods: the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the early years of the Cuban Revolution (1959-1961). It focuses on those authors and magazines which persisted with the avant-garde approach despite the highly politicized climate. Some of them combined political compromise with the avant-garde. Others prioritised the avant-garde solely. The main object of study is comics oriented to an adult audience published in periodicals, clandestine magazines and, especially, the so called revista de trincheras during the Spanish Civil War. The medium, graphic narrative, helped to overcome literacy problems, while humour served as a communicative bridge to better spread the intended messages. In Cuba, the first two years of the Revolution were an ongoing process of defining a new political, cultural and social system. Graphic humour played a significant role in that task, further developing an already very rich national tradition. In that process of consolidation, the experimental humour magazine El Pitirre, very much under the umbrella of Lunes de Revolucion, approached humour as a liminal space, a space of conflict and instability with a universal drive, from existentialism to criticism of Imperialism, formally renovating graphic humour in Cuba by using a minimal but expressive line.

This thesis examines the educational role of English literature in Taiwan and proposes a method of reading and teaching English Renaissance poetry for Taiwanese students and teachers. Based upon the idea of integrating literature and language, this thesis suggests a stylistic approach to reading as well as interpreting literary texts. The thesis will argue that the prevalent communicational features of Renaissance poetry will, during the reading process, allow Taiwanese students to explore the interaction between the poetic speaker and the addressee before considering the relationship between the poet and the reader. Thus, as a reader of Renaissance poetry, the student can carry out an individual communication with the text. This proposed method for teachers of Renaissance poetry in Taiwan is predicated on a selection of "manageable" texts which should enable students to understand the use of language before they embark on further interpretation. Within the thesis there will be examples of various text analyses that are intended to guide students in constructing their own reading strategies. This, in turn, will lead to a broader interpretation of text and context. By demonstrating the accessibility of the proposed reading and teaching method, this thesis aims to promote a pedagogical development for both the teaching of a specific genre and for other types of literary texts encountered in the classroom.

Conceptualisations of modern literary history are premised upon a series of dynastic successions, whereby one is able to trace, albeit simplistically, the evolution of the novel through its realist, modernist and postmodernist manifestations. Considered in this linear manner, the emergence of altered cultural movements is ordinarily attributed to a crisis within the former mood; as society ruptures and alters, existing modes of representation prove inadequate to reflect, or else engage with, the emergent structure of feeling. As an event with far-reaching implications, many critics and cultural commentators have attributed the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 with the inception of an altered global mood. Moreover, in the days and weeks following 9/11, the publication of a number of articles penned by authors emphasised the extent to which the event had precipitated a profound crisis in representation. As an ever greater number of articles and studies emerged proclaiming the final death knell of postmodernism and the emergence of a more anxious global mood, so the myth of 9/11 quickly developed. The thesis rests upon a very simple question: to what extent has 9/11 precipitated a change in the novel? Through examining a wide range of fictions published largely within Britain in the last fifteen years, the study explores and ultimately dispels the assumptions of the myth. Rather than examining the fictional representation of 9/11, the study’s focus is on assessing the significance of the novel after the event, and moreover on interrogating the manner in which the terrorist attacks might have engendered a shift in the contemporary mood that is reflected in the subsequent novels published. Through emphasising the novelistic concerns and themes that transcend the assumed cultural rift, the thesis proposes that the ‘post-9/11 mood’ might more usefully be interpreted as an exacerbation of an already existing structure of feeling that responds to the banal superficiality of the postmodern condition.

Bibliography: p. 94-95. / Contract no. DA36-030-AMC-03200(E).

Pyrazoles have been focus of a large number of investigations in the design and synthesis of novel biologically active agents that show remarkable medicinal activities. Although pyrazoles have been studied for over a century as an important class of heterocyclic compounds, they still continue to attract considerable attention due to the wide range of medicinal activities they possess. Recent studies have shown that combination of a ferrocenyl unit with structural features of pyrazoles can lead to products with enhanced or/and unexpected biological activity since several ferrocene derivatives have already been shown to be active against a number of tumors. As a result, we have investigated the reaction of 3-ferrocenylpropynal with hydrazinium salts. As anticipated, these reactions afforded two kinds of pyrazoles, namely 1-alkyl/aryl-5-ferrocenylpyrazoles (1,5-isomer) and 1-alkyl/aryl-3- ferrocenylpyrazoles (1,3-isomer). In most cases, 1,5-pyrazole isomers have resulted from these reactions as the single or the major product of the reactions. The structures of 1-benzyl-5-ferrocenylpyrazole, 1-phenyl-5-ferrocenyl-pyrazole and 1- (2-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-ferrocenylpyrazole were identified by X-ray single crystal analysis. The analogous reactions between 3-phenylpropynal and hydrazinium salts were also studied, which afforded 1-alkyl/aryl-5-phenylpyrazoles (1,5-isomer) and/or v 1-alkyl/aryl-3-phenylpyrazoles (1,3-isomer). The regioselectivity of the reactions is mainly governed by the nature of the substituents in hydrazine derivative.

In the first part of this thesis, it is aimed to develope methods for the synthesis of trisubstituted pyrrrole derivatives. 2-Aminopyrrroles, alkoxy and sulfonyl substittitued pyrrole derivatives as well as pirolinones show interesting biological activities and are precursor of well know drugs. Although there is a number of methods for the synthesis of pyrroles, the synthesis of 2-aminopyrroles is limited to few works and is not widely known. Therefore, it is still an important goal in organic chemistry to improve methods for the synthesis of multifunctionalized pyrrole derivatives and pyrrolinones. Alkylation of &amp / #946 / -dicarbonyl compounds with bromoacetonitrile furnishes &amp / #945 / - cyanomethyl-&amp / #946 / -dicarbonyl compounds. The condensation reaction of &amp / #945 / - v cyanomethyl-&amp / #946 / -dicarbonyl compounds with amines catalyzed by p-TsOH affords the corresponding enamines and further base catalyzed cyclization furnishes 2- aminopyrroles in high yields, moreover, zinc perchlorate-catalyzed addition of amines, alcohols and thiols to the nitrile carbon of &amp / #945 / -cyanomethyl-&amp / #946 / -ketoesters followed by annulation gives the 5-alkoxy and 5-alkylsulfanylpyrrole-3-carboxylates in high yields. In the second part of the thesis, reactions of a broad range of acyl phosphonates with &amp / #945 / -bromo acetophenones at room temperature in the presence of different bases were described to afford two diastereomeric epoxy phosphonates in good yields and high diastereoselectivities. The diastereoselectivity of this reaction is easily controlled by changing the base. Accordingly, changing the base from Cs2CO3 to DBU changes the diatereomeric ratio (trans/cis) from 5/3 to 9/1. Furthermore, the treatment of trans isomer with DBU shows a complete conversion to the corresponding cis isomer. Additionally, these highly functionalized epoxyphosphonates are shown to be useful intermediates to give several reactions

ABSTRACT SYNTHESIS OF FUROPYRROLONE AND FUROPYRIDAZINONE DERIVATIVES: A NEW CLASS OF COMPOUNDS Karahan, Emrah M.Sc., Department of Chemistry Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Metin Balci February 2011, 102 pages Furopyrrolone has a bicyclic structure consisting of furan and a pyrrolone ring. It is isoelectronic with isoindolinone which is also a heterocyclic organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen containing pyrrolone ring. Pyrrolones, pyrrolidines, pyrrolidinones, pyridazines and pyridazinones are precursors to many pharmaceuticals. In this project we developed new synthetic procedures leading to the synthesis of furopyrrolone derivatives. To do this, the starting compound, methyl 2-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3-furoate, was converted to isocyanate, regioselectively. This isocyanate was converted into the corresponding urethane and/or urea derivatives by treatment with alcohol and amine, respectively. It is known that acyl chlorides are more reactive than esters and carboxylic acids. Therefore, ester was converted to more reactive compound acyl azide that was used for intramolecular cyclization to get desired furopyrrolone skeletons. In the second part, methyl 2-formylfuran-3-carboxylate was treated with hydrazine and hydrazine salts. Then, intramolecular molecular cyclization caused the formation of desired heterocycles via acyl chloride intermediate.

SYNTHESIS OF MACROMOLECULAR CATALYST SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS Oguzkaya, Funda PhD., Department of Chemistry Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Cihangir Tanyeli September 2011, 144 pages The thesis mainly proposed to design macromolecular catalyst systems. Such catalysts should follow the way of &quot / Green Chemistry&quot / with including no metallic ions and have also the ability of reusability. Hence, nitroxide chemistry was chosen as the key point. Catalysts were synthesized with surely including TEMPO as the functional part as the most preferable nitroxide derivative. As a skeleton, norbornene was chosen firstly. Following obtaining 3-(methoxycarbonyl) bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid (49), 4-aminoTEMPO was attempted to be inserted in the structure. In this case, 4-aminoTEMPO was preferred as a TEMPO derivative so as to include reactive amine functional group. As a result, two different monomers were obtained. Then, Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization via first generation Grubbs catalyst was adjusted to reach target macromolecules. Furthermore, as a second type skeleton for the catalyst, Thiophene-Pyrrole-Thiophene (SNS) structure was chosen, since these well-known structures have the ability to polymerize easily. Anelli Oxidation protocol including corresponding catalysts in combination with NaOCl+NaHCO3 (pH 9.1) and KBr resulting in remarkable high activity with low catalyst concentrations typically 1 mol % was chosen for the oxidation of alcohols so as to reach to target aldehydes and ketones. Investigation of other applicable areas via collaborative studies was thought to open the way of electrochromic and biosensor studies as the different points of view. Electropolymerization was performed in a three-electrode cell consisting of an Indium Tin Oxide coated glass slide (ITO) as the working electrode, platinum wire as the counter electrode and Ag wire as the pseudo reference electrode. As the biosensor part, glucose oxidase (GOx) was used as the model enzyme for glucose oxidation in the presence of molecular oxygen. Poly-SNS-based carboxylic acid served as an excellent immobilization matrix for glucose sensing. Key words: TEMPO, Anelli Oxidation