No description available.

The present thesis aims to describe some aspects of Mod Greek syntax. It contains an introduction and five chapters. The introduction states the purpose for writing this thesis and points out the fact that it is a data-oriented rather than a theory-oriented work. Chapter one deals with the word order in Mod Greek. The main conclusion drawn from this chapter is that, given the relatively rich system of inflexions of Mod Greek,there is a freedom of word order in this language an attempt is made to account for this phenomenon in terms of the thematic structure of the sentence and PSP theory. The second chapter examines the clitics; special attention is paid to clitic objects and some problems concerning their syntactic relations .to the rest of the sentence are pointed out; the chapter ends with the tentative suggestion that clitics might be taken care of by the morphological component of the grammar. Chapter three deals with complementation; this a vast area of study and for this reason the analysis is confined to 'oti', 'na' and'pu' complement clauses; Object Raising, Verb Raising and Extraposition are also discussed in this chapter. The fourth chapter takes up Relative Clauses but again the analysis is confined to the two main relativizers that is, to 'o opios' and 'pu'. It is suggested that for 'pu' a complementizer analysis is quite possible. The second part of the chapter discusses Relative Extraposition which is explained in terms of thematic structure and FSP theory. Chapter five is about Coordination in Mod Greek. An attempt is made to distinguish between ' sentential" and 'phrasal' in terms of 'processes'. Gapping is also examined and pragmatic considerations are taken into account for its analysis. The thesis ends with a section which contains all the relevant bibliography.

This thesis is focussed on Greek as an Additional Language (GAL) in junior secondary schools in Greece. The necessity of incorporating a GAL dimension in the mainstream classroom has emerged in the last 20 years as rising numbers of immigrant pupils have been entering the Greek public school system. This has placed new challenges on mainstream teachers who are now expected to teach their subject to a culturally and linguistically diverse pupil population. Despite this change in the school population, the Greek educational system has not, so far, attempted to differentiate the national curriculum, considered different approaches to curriculum design, and offered support to mainstream teachers so that they can meet the needs of all pupils. This thesis explores the pedagogical principles and teaching practices that mainstream teachers working in junior secondary schools employ so as to teach the curriculum subject Greek to children from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. A qualitative research approach was adopted to collect and analyse observation and interview data. Multiple case studies of four teachers were carried out in order to examine the knowledge, beliefs and practices of experienced Greek language teachers who have been tasked with supporting immigrant pupils‘ language learning in mainstream classrooms. The data analysis draws on current international literature in the field of additional/second language education. The findings show that the participant teachers‘ beliefs and practices, although partially overlapped with additional language teaching principles, were largely conceptualised in terms of Greek as a mother tongue. The majority of the participant teachers, influenced by the national curriculum, felt that they only needed to adjust some aspects of their teaching practice and to apply some generic teaching strategies to facilitate immigrant pupils‘ learning. They also believed that immigrant pupils who were in the process of learning GAL should be given support outside the mainstream classroom. The findings of this investigation contribute to our understanding of the ways in which the Greek education system can be reformed to address the GAL dimension systematically in mainstream schools in terms of pedagogy and teacher education.

No description available.

No description available.

The aim of this thesis has been to present a detailed linguistic study of all the dialect inscriptions from Cyrene which have been published. The introduction contains a brief history of Cyrene and a description of the dialect material. In the following chapters on Phonology, Morphology and Word Formation, all dialect features have been noted, with a full discussion of the more important and disputed questions. To this has been added a study of various proper names which are of interest, and a chapter on certain notable features of syntax. On the basis of this descriptive survey, it has been attempted in the final chapter to trace the historical development of the dialect spoken at Cyrene, as far as it can be judged from the epigraphical material available, from the fifth century BC till the third century AD. This has mainly entailed tracing the gradual process by which the dialect was modified by the Koine, and giving an evaluation of how far the written material represents the spoken language. For these important questions, and many problems of phonology and morphology, the Cyrenean material is of considerable interest and value.

No description available.

Com o crescimento do mundo corporativo, cresceram também as dificuldades de representar de forma fidedigna as diversas faces da entidade. Neste ponto também estão inclusas as obrigações, que não estão restritas a pagamentos de obrigações predeterminadas em contratos, regidas por leis ou outros instrumentos. Assim, a dinâmica empresarial cria diversas exigibilidades para a entidade, que muitas vezes não possui instrumentos apropriados para seu reconhecimento, mensuração e divulgação. Neste contexto, diversos agentes buscam criar normas que uniformizem as informações divulgadas e garantam padrões mínimos às informações divulgadas. Assim, o fez a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários ao publicar a Deliberação CVM n 489 de 2005 versando sobre provisões, passivos, contingências passivas e contingências ativas. Com isso, além de uniformizar internamente este tema, a CVM procurou alinhamento com as Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade, pois inspirou sua deliberação na norma emitida pelo IASB em 1998, a IAS 37. A alta carga tributária e a volatilidade do nosso sistema tributário contribuem para um ambiente de incertezas e litígios entre os sujeitos ativos e passivos das obrigações tributárias, levando a disputas sobre valores relevantes e que podem comprometer a saúde financeira da entidade. Por isso, a publicação da norma emitida pela CVM é ferramenta útil e indispensável a uma divulgação uniforme e transparente pelas empresas. Desta forma, este estudo busca contribuir para a solução do problema da divulgação das contingências ao rever a literatura pertinente, analisar as demonstrações contábeis das quatro empresas significativas e sugerir pontos de melhoria nas demonstrações contábeis. / With the growth of the corporative world, also growth the difficulties to represent in a reliable way the various faces of the entity. At this point, are also included obligations that are not restricted to payments of bonds at predetermined contracts governed by laws or other instruments. Thus, the business dynamics creates various obligations for the entity, which often do not have appropriate tools for recognition, measurement and disclosure. In this context, various agents looking to create standards to uniform the information disseminated and guarantee minimum standards to the information disclosed. So did the Securities Commission (CVM) published the deliberation CVM N 489/2005 covering provisions, liabilities, passive and active contingencies. With that, in addition to create internally standards for this theme, the Securities Commission sought to align with international standards accountancy, inspired its deliberation on standard issued by the IASB in 1998, IAS 37.The high tax burden and the volatility of our tax system contribute to an environment of uncertainty and disputes between the parties of tax obligations, taking the dispute over relevant values and which may compromise the financial health of the entity. Therefore, the publication of the standard issued by Securities Commission is the useful tool and indispensable to a uniform and transparent disclosure by companies. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the solution of the problem of disclosure of contingencies reviewing the literature relevant, reviewing the financial statements of the four significant firms and suggesting points of improvement in the statements.

Com o crescimento do mundo corporativo, cresceram também as dificuldades de representar de forma fidedigna as diversas faces da entidade. Neste ponto também estão inclusas as obrigações, que não estão restritas a pagamentos de obrigações predeterminadas em contratos, regidas por leis ou outros instrumentos. Assim, a dinâmica empresarial cria diversas exigibilidades para a entidade, que muitas vezes não possui instrumentos apropriados para seu reconhecimento, mensuração e divulgação. Neste contexto, diversos agentes buscam criar normas que uniformizem as informações divulgadas e garantam padrões mínimos às informações divulgadas. Assim, o fez a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários ao publicar a Deliberação CVM n 489 de 2005 versando sobre provisões, passivos, contingências passivas e contingências ativas. Com isso, além de uniformizar internamente este tema, a CVM procurou alinhamento com as Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade, pois inspirou sua deliberação na norma emitida pelo IASB em 1998, a IAS 37. A alta carga tributária e a volatilidade do nosso sistema tributário contribuem para um ambiente de incertezas e litígios entre os sujeitos ativos e passivos das obrigações tributárias, levando a disputas sobre valores relevantes e que podem comprometer a saúde financeira da entidade. Por isso, a publicação da norma emitida pela CVM é ferramenta útil e indispensável a uma divulgação uniforme e transparente pelas empresas. Desta forma, este estudo busca contribuir para a solução do problema da divulgação das contingências ao rever a literatura pertinente, analisar as demonstrações contábeis das quatro empresas significativas e sugerir pontos de melhoria nas demonstrações contábeis. / With the growth of the corporative world, also growth the difficulties to represent in a reliable way the various faces of the entity. At this point, are also included obligations that are not restricted to payments of bonds at predetermined contracts governed by laws or other instruments. Thus, the business dynamics creates various obligations for the entity, which often do not have appropriate tools for recognition, measurement and disclosure. In this context, various agents looking to create standards to uniform the information disseminated and guarantee minimum standards to the information disclosed. So did the Securities Commission (CVM) published the deliberation CVM N 489/2005 covering provisions, liabilities, passive and active contingencies. With that, in addition to create internally standards for this theme, the Securities Commission sought to align with international standards accountancy, inspired its deliberation on standard issued by the IASB in 1998, IAS 37.The high tax burden and the volatility of our tax system contribute to an environment of uncertainty and disputes between the parties of tax obligations, taking the dispute over relevant values and which may compromise the financial health of the entity. Therefore, the publication of the standard issued by Securities Commission is the useful tool and indispensable to a uniform and transparent disclosure by companies. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the solution of the problem of disclosure of contingencies reviewing the literature relevant, reviewing the financial statements of the four significant firms and suggesting points of improvement in the statements.

This thesis investigates the first language acquisition (L1A) of pronominal object clitics in Cypriot Greek (CG) by typically developing (TD) children, focusing on an exceptional form of non–adult–like clitic placement attested in early data. The aim of the present study is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to sketch the developmental stages in the course of L1A of CG in relation to other clitic languages. On the other, it investigates whether and to what extent syntactic (Agouraki 2001, Terzi 1999a, 1999b), prosodic (Condoravdi and Kiparsky 2001) and interface approaches (Mavrogiorgos 2012, Revithiadou 2006) can account for early clitic production. Research on L1A of clitic pronouns has demonstrated both clitic realisation and omission in child languages. However, no instances of clitic misplacement have been reported for early European languages, with the interesting exceptions of CG (Petinou & Terzi 2002) and European Portuguese (Lobo & Costa 2012). The present thesis examines the L1A of CG in the age range 2−4 on the basis of spontaneous and experimental data, cross−sectional as well as longitudinal, with a focus on clitic placement. Spontaneous speech data were collected from 8 children, and one of the children was also followed longitudinally for a period of 6 months. An elicited production task performed by 50 children was used to generate 3rd person singular accusative object clitics. The results of the study indicate that, for CG: (i) clitic placement in enclisis environments is adult–like from the onset in structures involving single clitics and clitic clusters, as well as in Clitic Doubling and Clitic Left Dislocation; (ii) clitic misplacement is attested in proclisis contexts in a subset of children aged 2;6 to 3;0; (iii) clitic misplacement does not correlate with early non–finite forms; (iv) occasional realisation of two copies of the clitic is attested in some children aged 2;6 to 3;0; (v) by age 3;6, TD children manifest adult–like clitic placement. These findings raise issues regarding the acquisition of clitics in different classes of languages (Tobler–Mussafia, finiteness–sensitive languages, languages exhibiting second position restrictions), as well as the role of syntax, prosody and the syntax–phonology interface in clitic L1A. The current study suggests that only Tobler–Mussafia languages display clitic misplacement, as attested in the L1A of CG. Clitic misplacement in CG is interpreted within an interface account in line with Revithiadou (2006) and, following the spirit of Bošković (2000), it is assumed that the placement requirement imposed on CG clitics “can be captured in its entirety through a filtering effect of the phonology on the syntax” (2000:105). Clitic placement in CG is an interface phenomenon: the syntax provides two copies of clitic pronouns (Franks 1998) and the syntactic outcome is filtered through a phonology–controlled procedure.