• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The biostratigraphy, palaeoecology and taxonomy of Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian to Lower Maastrichtian) Ostracoda from the chalk of East Anglia

Pyne, Rebecca Sian January 2001 (has links)
The thesis is based on 205 sediment samples supplied by the British Geological Survey from the Trunch Borehole and various outcrop localities in Norfolk and Suffolk. At least 80,000 ostracod specimens were recovered, belonging to 151 species and 53 genera. These are fully illustrated and described in a large systematic taxonomy chapter. Seventeen species and I subspecies were described as new. A stepped pattern of origination and extinction occurs throughout the Upper Chalk of East Anglia and the Ostracoda thereby display high biostratigraphical potential. The large number of Lazarus taxa in the Santonian and Lower Campanian is a distinctive feature. An analysis of the percentage of filter feeding platycopid Ostracoda, as a measure of palaeoxygen levels, reveals large variations in the amounts of dissolved oxygen in the Upper Cretaceous of East Anglia. High percentages of platycopids equate to low oxygen and vice versa. This is confirmed by the fact that high levels of platycopids are always associated with low species diversity. Using this technique, it was shown that the Coniacian was a time of low to very low oxygen, except for the upper part (coranguinum Zone) which was better ventilated. The Santonian and Lower Campanian were low to very low in dissolved oxygen, while the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian had much higher levels of dissolved oxygen. The term "Kenoxic Event" can be used to describe such periods of lowered oxygen, when instar-brooding platycopids display a preferential survival potential compared to podocopids. Notwithstanding these general trends, oxygen levels appear to have fluctuated rapidly throughout the interval of study. These fluctuations are thought to be due to the Oxygen Minimum Zone and its migrations onto the continental shelf and subsequent retreat to the continental slope; low oxygen levels on the continental shelf being extremely deleterious to all other Ostracoda other than platycopids resulting in low diversity. High diversity and high oxygen are associated with the retreat of the OMZ onto the continental shelf. This in turn is related to sea level fluctuations and the technique shows good potential for use in sequence stratigraphy. A model showing the position of the Oxygen Minimum Zone during the Upper Cretaceous in East Anglia was produced from platycopid data generated by this study
2

Paléobiodiversité des ostracodes à la limite Permien moyen - Permien supérieur / Ostracods palaeobiodiversity at the Middle - Late Permian boundary

Zazzali, Sindbad 07 April 2016 (has links)
Les ostracodes, microcrustacés (Arthropoda), sont relativement abondants dans les archives paléontologiques. Sensibles aux variations paléoenvironnementales, la composition des assemblages et leur diversité sont d’excellents marqueurs des changements qui affectent le benthos marin néritique. Leur diversité est connue pour être fortement affectée par la crise biologique marquant la limite Permien-Trias, mais leur histoire à la fin du Permien moyen reste peu documentée.Près de 10 Ma avant la limite Permien-Trias, à la fin du Permien moyen, un important épisode d’extinction intervient, préfigurant le déclin de la biodiversité à la fin du Paléozoïque.L’étude systématique des échantillons prélevés le long des coupes de Chaotian (province du Sichuan, Chine) et de Penglaitan (province du Guangxi, Chine) a permis l’identification de 115 espèces d’ostracodes, dont 7 nouvelles. Le travail réalisé sur ces coupes constitue la toute première étude des événements de la fin du Permien moyen et du début du Permien supérieur s’appuyant sur l’observation des assemblages d’ostracodes. L’état de conservation des carapaces d’ostracode, étudié lors de ce travail, enregistre les effets de la fin d’un épisode de régression et le début d’un épisode de transgression au sommet du Permien moyen à Penglaitan. Les résultats s’avèrent en accord avec les données lithologiques et paléontologiques présentées dans la littérature, un modèle de reconstitution paléoenvironnementale basé sur les données de préservation des ostracodes est proposé.Une analyse critique de la qualité du jeu de données a permis d’évaluer l’influence des biais d’échantillonnage sur la représentativité du matériel fossile dans les études sur la paléobiodiversité et la paléoécologie. Les biais peuvent être corrigés par un traitement méthodologique approprié qui rend valide la comparaison des données de biodiversité. La richesse générique et spécifique décroît sensiblement au cours du Capitanien. Le passage du Permien moyen au Permien supérieur enregistre une augmentation de la richesse spécifique, malgré une faible diversité générique. L’ordre des Palaeocopida apparait ici affecté par une baisse de diversité générique et spécifique au Wuchiapingien inférieur. Si ces résultats ne permettent pas pour l’iPermiannstant de caractériser un événement global de renouvellement des communautés d’ostracodes, l’étude de matériel fossile provenant d’autres régions du monde permettra de définir l’ampleur des phénomènes observés. / Ostracods, microcrustaceans (Arthropoda), are quite abundant in the fossil record. Highly dependent to palaeoenvironmental conditions, their diversity and the assemblages’ composition are good indicators of changes affecting neritic marine benthos. Ostracods are known to be deeply affected by the Permian-Triassic crisis, but their history is poorly documented for the end of Middle Permian.About10 My before the Permian-Triassic boundary, the end of Middle Permian is characterized by a major extinction episode, which could be the first step of end-Palaeozoic biodiversity drop.Systematic study carried out on Chaotian section (Sichuan Province, P.R. China) and the Penglaitan section (Guangxi Province, P.R. China) samples allowed the identification of 115 species, including seven new species. The work carried out on these two sections provides the first study of end-Middle Permian extinction event, based on the observation of ostracod assemblages.Study of carapace preservation at Penglaitan section, highlighted the end of a regression phase and the beginning of a transgression phase at the top of Middle Permian. These results are relevant with lithologic and palaeontological data from literature. Thus, a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction model has been proposed, based on ostracod preservation data.An estimation of sampling bias consequences on fossil dataset representativeness in palaeobiodiversity and palaeoecology studies was realised. These biases could be corrected by an appropriate methodology allowing comparisons of biodiversity datum. Biodiversity data reveals a decrease of generic and specific richness during Capitanian. Specific richness increased passing the Middle-Upper Permian boundary. Palaeocopida order seems here affected by a generic and specific richness decline at basal Wuchiapingian. If these results do not allow for the time being to characterize a global ostracod turnover, further studies on material from other regions in the world will allow defining the extent of the observed phenomena.

Page generated in 0.0219 seconds