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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A proteomic and biochemical study of pathogenicity in Phytophthora infestans

Bruce, Catherine R. January 2005 (has links)
The work presented in this thesis uses proteomics and biochemical analyses to identify and investigate potential pathogenicity factors in <i>Phytophthora infestans.</i> Proteomics was also used to analyse the <i>P. infestans-</i>tomato<i> (Lycopersicon esculentum) </i>interaction.  2DGE was used to identify interaction specific proteins in intercellular wash fluid (IWF) from tomato leaves infected with <i>P. infestans.  </i>Protein profiles of IWF from infected leaves were compared with profiles of IWF from healthy leaves.  Interaction specific proteins were identified by MALDI-T of MS and PMF.  Seven proteins of tomato origin were identified.  Most proteins identified belong to pathogenesis-related (PR) protein families. This thesis also describes characterisation of an actin depolymerising factor termed PiADF1.  PiADF1 was previously identified from mycelium culture filtrate separated by 2DGE.  The actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in plant defence responses.  It is proposed that PiADF1 may function in suppressing actin related host defence responses during the <i>P. infestans-plant </i>interaction.  Secretion inhibition assays were carried out which support the hypothesis that PiADF1 is secreted by <i>P. infestans </i>despite lacking a classical N-terminal signal sequence.  Gene expression analysis, fluorescence localisation <i>in planta </i>and phylogenetic analyses were also carried out.  Possible roles for PiADF1 in suppression of host defence responses are discussed. A potential host cell targeting (HCT) peptide motif, RxLR was recently discovered in extracellular proteins of biotrophic oomycetes.  This thesis describes initial attempts to identify proteins, which may be involved in RxLR-mediated HCT.  Proteins which may form HCT machinery are speculated upon.
2

Peronosporomycetes : molecular phylogenies and organism evolution

Spencer, Mark January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
3

Étude des conditions de l'émergence du phytophthora alni sur l'aulne glutineux / Study of the emerging conditions of the alder decline pathogen Phytophthora alni

Aguayo Silva, Jaime Cristián 09 November 2012 (has links)
Depuis les années 1990, l'aulne glutineux, espèce clé des ripisylves, est affecté par un oomycète qui cause son dépérissement : Phytophthora alni subsp. alni (Paa). La genèse de Paa est liée à un événement d'hybridation interspécifique entre deux espèces proches, improprement nommées P. alni subsp. uniformis (Pau) et P. alni subsp. multiformis (Pam), car initialement considérées comme des variants de Paa. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'identifier les facteurs ayant pu jouer un rôle dans l'émergence de la maladie en Europe. Par une approche de génétique des populations, nous avons montré que Pau est une espèce invasive en Europe, probablement originaire d'Amérique du Nord. Après son introduction, l'hybridation de Pau avec Pam serait l'un des facteurs essentiels de l'apparition de Paa. Nos résultats confirment que Paa aurait été généré suite à des hybridations récurrentes, qui ont structuré géographiquement les populations en Europe. L'analyse de la variabilité génétique de Paa, révélée par des marqueurs microsatellites, a toutefois montré un faible polymorphisme, avec un génotype dominant largement répandu en Europe. Par ailleurs grâce à la modélisation, nos résultats ont établi que le dépérissement du houppier des aulnes est lié à la température. En particulier l'incidence de la maladie augmente lors des hivers doux, qui pourraient favoriser la survie du mycélium de Paa, celui-ci ne présentant pas de structure de survie hivernale (chlamydospores ou oospores). La température estivale joue également un rôle, plus complexe à interpréter. On constate en effet que l'incidence de la maladie diminue avec l'augmentation des températures estivales, mais ce phénomène pourrait dépendre d'autres facteurs tels que l'état physiologique des arbres ou le type de communautés microbiologiques présentes dans les sols. Inversement, le phénomène de guérison des arbres est favorisé par des températures hivernales basses et par des températures estivales élevées. L'émergence de la maladie ne peut pas être expliquée par le changement climatique. Cependant, une augmentation des températures hivernales dans le futur dans le cadre du changement climatique aggraverait très probablement l'épidémie / Since the early 1990's alder decline caused by the oomycete Phytophthora alni subsp. alni (Paa) is one of the most important threats to riparian ecosystems in Europe. The emergence of Paa is related to an interspecific hybridization event between two related species -initially considered as Paa variants- misnamed as Phytophthora alni subsp. uniformis (Pau) and Phytophthora alni subsp. multiformis (Pam). The objective of this thesis was to identify the factors that may have contributed to the emergence of the disease in Europe. Following a population genetics approach we showed that Pau is likely to be an invasive species in Europe, probably native to North America. Its introduction would have enabled hybridization with Pam and, consequently be a major cause on the emergence of Paa. Our results confirm that Paa has arisen from several hybridization events, which have geographically structured its European populations. Paa's genetic variability, revealed by microsatellite markers, showed low levels of polymorphism, with a dominant genotype scattered throughout Europe. In addition, a modelling approach revealed that alders' crown decline is linked to temperature. In particular, the disease incidence increases during mild winters which favours mycelium survival as Paa does not produce resistant spores (chlamydospores or oospores). The effect of summer temperatures is more complex to explain. Disease incidence decreases when summer temperatures are higher, but this phenomenon can also be linked to the physiological conditions of trees or changes in soil microbiological communities. Conversely, tree recovery is favoured by lower winter and higher summer temperatures. Climate change does not explain the emergence of the disease. However, increases in winter temperatures du to climate change may strengthen the epidemic

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