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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Development of the saturation ageing tensile stiffness (SATS) test for high modulus base materials

Choi, Young Kyu January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
2

Experimental characterisation of the compressive permanent deformation behaviour in asphaltic mixtures

Taherkhani, Hasan January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
3

A fundamental study into wet process modification of paving binders and mixtures by crumb rubber from used tyres

Artamendi, Ignacio January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
4

Mechanical and rheological characterisation of porous asphalt materials with particular reference to ageing

Walsh, Christopher Mark January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
5

On bitumen microstructure and the effects of crack healing

Gaskin, Joshua January 2013 (has links)
When an asphalt pavement is subjected to repeated traffic loads punctuated by rest periods, the acquisition of damage is interrupted by molecular relaxation and healing: the restoration of continuity across fractured interfaces. The healing effect is responsible for improved fatigue performance at high temperatures and dominates the laboratory-to-field shift factor in design. The mechanism of healing is not well understood, however. To describe this process, myriad investigations are collated with healing in high polymers, but neglect microstructural changes due to the damage processes that precipitate fracture. Yet, the remnants of deformation drive healing phenomena. An enhanced knowledge of healing and the effect of fracture could allow for the direct application of laboratory fatigue in pavement performance prediction. This thesis develops an understanding of the interrelation between binder structure and crack healing, using electron microscopy and mechanical analyses. Cryogenic microscopy indicates that the bulk is amorphous: phase separation in the form of bi-continuous or discrete structure is catalysed by surface effects including composition-dependent short-range interactions and thermal gradients. Environmental microscopy shows that the creation of a free surface during fracture perturbs the bulk solubility continuum, which stimulates phase separation in the form of interconnected fibrils. This system is sensitive to molecular scission and precludes healing by spatial interference and by reduced potential interaction. Rheological tests confirm the space-bound character of the microstructure and emphasise the requirement for an efficient method to quantify healing. Vialit pendulum tests validate the use of cohesive energy for this purpose and define the effect of fracture temperature: the capacity for healing is reduced by rupture of glassy fractions. Although susceptible to high variability, the outcome of direct tension testing confirms the involvement of crystallisable materials and the reduced proliferation of interfacial molecular interaction due to main-chain scission.
6

Discrete element modelling of idealised asphalt mixture

Lee, York Wei January 2006 (has links)
This thesis investigates the use of Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) to simulate the behaviour of a highly idealised bituminous mixture under uniaxial and triaxial compressive creep tests. The idealised mixture comprises single-sized spherical (sand-sized) particles mixed with bitumen and was chosen so that the packing characteristics are known (dense random packing) and the behaviour of the mixture will e dominated by the bitumen and complex aggregate interlock effects will be minimised. In this type of approach the effect of the bitumen is represented as shear and normal contact stiffnesses. A numerical sample preparation procedure has been developed to ensure that the final specimen is isotropic and has the correct volumetrics. Elastic contact properties have been used to investigate the effect of the shear and normal contact stiffnesses on bulk material properties. The bulk modulus was found to be linearly dependent on the normal contact stiffness and independent of the shear contact stiffness. Poisson's ratio was found to be dependent on only the ratio of the shear contact stiffness to the normal contact stiffness. An elastic contact has been assumed for the compressive normal contact stiffness and a viscoelastic contact for shear and tensile normal contact stiffness to represent the contact behaviour in idealised mixture. The idealised mixture is found to dilate when the ratio of compressive to tensile contact stiffness increases as a function of loading time. Uniaxial and triaxial viscoelastic simulations have been performed to investigate the effect of stress ratio on the rate of dilation with shear strain for the sand asphalt. The numerical results have been validated with experimental data. The geometric factors that influence asphalt dilation are investigated. The level of dilation was found to be dominated by the proportion of frictional contacts in the sample. Simulations have been performed to investigate the effect of particle shape on asphalt dilation. Greater dilation was found in the sample with clumps under loading.
7

Comportement mécanique évolutif des enrobés bitumineux à l'émulsion : étude expérimentale et modélisation / Evolutive mechanical behaviour of cold mix asphalt : experimental study and modelling

Lambert, Marion 27 November 2018 (has links)
Dans un contexte politique où les enjeux énergétiques et environnementaux sont de plus en plus importants, il faut favoriser les techniques économes en énergie et plus respectueuse de l'environnement. Parmi ces pratiques, l'utilisation d’enrobés à l’émulsion de bitume s'est révélée être prometteuse. La fabrication et la conception d’une chaussée comprenant une couche d’enrobé à l’émulsion sont très empiriques et reposent sur des compétences locales qui tendent à en limiter le développement. La première étape pour concevoir une chaussée consiste à connaître le comportement mécanique réversible engendrées par de lourd trafic de chaque matériau qui la compose. Lors d'une deuxième étape, ces valeurs doivent être comparées aux critères de durabilité mécanique des matériaux. Dans le cas de l'enrobé à l’émulsion, aucune loi de comportement mécanique n'a été établie pour tenir compte à la fois de son états frais et durcis. Ce travail de thèse vise donc à pallier à ce manque et à améliorer les connaissances acquises sur ce matériau. Pour cela, un modèle évolutif pour l’enrobé à l’émulsion intégrant l'évolution du matériau de son état frais à l'état durci a été développé. De plus, un nouvel essai de caractérisation a été développé et mis en place pour permettre de suivre l’évolution des performances mécaniques réversibles du matériau. Les résultats obtenus à partir des différentes campagnes d’essais ont permis de caler le modèle et de montrer la pertinence du modèle. / Given a political context in which energy and environmental stakes have become increasingly dominant, road engineering practices have favoured saving energy and protecting the environment. Among these practices, the use of cold mixes treated with bitumen emulsion has proven to be a suitable technique. Cold mix design however, as well as the design of pavements including cold mix asphalt layers, is highly empirical and based on local skills. From prior experience, the transposition of established local rules from one site to another and their application to medium or heavy traffic pavements are not simple steps and tend to limit the development of this environmentally-friendly pavement technique. The first step in designing a pavement consists of knowing the stress-strain relationship of its constitutive materials in order to determine the stresses and strains generated by heavy lorry traffic. During a second step, these values must be compared with the mechanical durability of materials by reliance on damage tests comprising large numbers of load cycles. In the case of CMA, no mechanical behaviour law has been established to take into account both the fresh and cured states. This work aims to improve the knowledge acquired on this material. For this, an evolutiv model for the cold mix asphalt with bitumen emulsion incorporating the evolution of the material from its fresh state to its cured state has been developed. In addition, a new characterization test was developed and put in place to monitor the evolution of the reversible mechanical performance of the material. The results obtained from the test campaigns helped to calibrate the model and show the relevance of the model.
8

Evaluation de la compacité des enrobés bitumineux et caractérisation large bande des propriétés diélectriques des roches. / Compactness assessment of asphalt pavement and wideband characterization of rocks dielectric properties

Araujo, Steven 18 December 2017 (has links)
Le contrôle des chaussées neuves en génie civil est primordial pour assurer sa bonne miseen oeuvre et lui conférer une durée de vie optimale. Dans cet objectif, divers paramètresphysiques nécessitent d'être scrupuleusement calibrés et contrôlés afin d'éviter une dégradation précoce de la chaussée et des problèmes de sécurité pour les conducteurs qui l'empruntent. De plus, les coûts associés à la mise en place et à la maintenance des chaussées sont considérables. Parmi les propriétés qui requièrent une attention particulière, la compacité, qui est indicative de la quantité d'air en volume dans la chaussée, est celle qui nous intéresse dans cette étude. Actuellement, seulement deux méthodes en laboratoire (en Europe) sont considérées comme des méthodes normalisées pour déterminer la compacité. Néanmoins, ces techniques sont destructives et/ou nucléaires ce qui est un frein majeur à leur utilisation. Durant ces deux dernières décennies, de nouvelles techniques électromagnétiques (non nucléaires et non destructives) ont émergé et ont prouvé leur forte utilité dans le domaine de la géophysique et du génie civil et plus particulièrement pour la détermination de la compacité. Cependant, ces nouvelles techniques nécessitent de prendre un certain nombre de précautions pour déterminer la compacité. Tout d'abord, elles permettent de mesurer la permittivité diélectrique du matériau en question. Ainsi pour déterminer la compacité, il est nécessaire d'utiliser des lois de mélange électromagnétiques. L'utilisation de ces modèles requiert une connaissance précise des constituants qui composent la chaussée ainsi que de leurs propriétés (masse volumique et permittivité diélectrique). La première partie de ce travail démontre la pertinence d'utiliser un radar à sauts de fréquences pour déterminer la compacité. L'étude de plusieurs lois de mélange électromagnétiques a été réalisée et les modèles présentant les meilleurs résultats ont été sélectionnés. Cependant, ces techniques font face de nos jours à un problème majeur. En effet, l'utilisation de matériaux recyclés est de plus en plus fréquente pour la construction de nouvelles chaussées ce qui rend la détermination de la compacité encore plus difficile par des méthodes électromagnétiques. Par conséquent, plusieurs méthodologies ont été développées, et sont proposées pour déterminer la compacité d'une nouvelle autoroute qui comporte des matériaux recyclés. La seconde partie de ces travaux de recherche porte sur la caractérisation diélectrique de plusieurs roches qui sont les éléments principaux d'une chaussée. Cette caractérisation est validée de basses à hautes fréquences mais aussi en fonction de la température. Les résultats montrent que à haute fréquence, la permittivité est principalement dépendante de la densité et de la composition chimique de la roche. En revanche, lorsque la fréquence d'investigation diminue et que la température varie, d'autres phénomènes apparaissent et changent dramatiquement le comportement diélectrique de la roche. Il a également été montré que l'eau joue un rôle majeur dans le comportement diélectrique à basse fréquence de la roche. Ces phénomènes se répercutent à "haute fréquence" par de très faibles variations qui pourraient expliquer les déviations obtenues par les méthodes électromagnétiques capacitives qui fonctionnent dans la région du MHz et qui sont également utilisées pour le contrôle de la compacité des chaussées neuves. / The control of new paved road is primordial to ensure its quality as well as its lifetime. Thus, several physical properties need to be well calibrated and controlled in order to avoid early degradations and safety issues for the drivers. Furthermore, the coast associated to the road building and the road maintenance is significant which makes the implementation of asphalt pavement according to the standard even more important. Among the properties that need attentions, the compactness which is indicative of the air void concentration in the asphalt pavement is the one we are interested in. Currently, only two methods in laboratory (in Europe) are considered as standards to assess the compactness. Nevertheless, these techniques are either nuclear or destructive which is a major hindrance. In the past two decades, new electromagnetic (EM) techniques have emerged and proved their great utility for geophysics or civil engineering applications and more importantly for the compactness assessment. However, these non-destructive and non-nuclear methods require many special precautions for the compactness assessment. First of all, they allow to measure the dielectric permittivity of the investigated material. Then to figure out the compactness, the use of EM mixing models is required. This leads to the accurate knowledge of every components constituting the asphalt pavement and their related properties (density and permittivity). The first main part of this work spotlights the relevance of using a step frequency radar for the compactness assessment. The study of several EM mixing models is performed to select the most appropriate ones. Nowadays, one of the challenges to address for these techniques is that the use of recycled materials is more and more commonly implemented for new roads building. Indeed, as the knowledge of the component properties is required, this makes the compactness assessment even more difficult. As a consequence, several methods have been developed and are proposed to assess the compactness of a new paved highway containing recycled asphalt pavement. The second main part of this research is the dielectric characterization of many rocks which are the main component of the asphalt pavement. This characterization is validated from low to high frequencies and also as a function of the temperature. The results show at high frequency that the permittivity is mainly dependent on the density and the chemical composition of the rock. However, as the frequency decreases and the temperature varies, this is not longer true and additional phenomena appear and drastically change the dielectric behavior of the rock. Also, it has been shown that the water plays a major role on the dielectric behavior at low frequency. This phenomena are reflected partially by small variations at "high frequency" that could explained the deviations obtained for capacitive techniques which work in the MHz region and which are used also for the compactness assessment.

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