The success of counselling depends in part on the engagement of the client during the counselling sessions and during the process of counselling. This is not different when conducting play-based intervention with children, which involves the use of play as an age-appropriate medium for communication and interaction with children. Gestalt play therapy allows children to express themselves and interact with the counsellor verbally and non-verbally with the use of play media. Due to the sensitivity to the unique characteristics of the child client, play therapy seems highly effective when implemented in different contexts. However, as the social work profession becomes more aware of cultural sensitivity, it also becomes essential to ensure that social workers who provide counselling to children are culturally competent. Culture is an essential dynamic of people’s lives and has an impact in every area of a person’s life, including how he or she engage in therapy. The goal of the study was to explore and describe the influence that their culture might have on Venda-speaking children’s engagement during play-based intervention. A qualitative research approach was followed to obtain the perceptions of social workers who belonged to the Venda culture and had experience of working with children. Applied research as type of research and the intrinsic case study research design was applicable to obtain a better understanding of the phenomenon being studied that could contribute to social work practice, specifically to the counselling of Venda-speaking children. The participants were selected by means of purposive sampling, based on specific sampling criteria as well as snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the use of an interview schedule to collect data from nine social workers, and the data were analysed by means of thematic analysis. The findings of the study showed that the Venda culture has specific characteristics which should be taken into account and respected when providing counselling to Venda-speaking children. The child-rearing norms and practices of the Venda culture may influence aspects such as the child’s communication and interaction with the counsellor as well as the play materials that would be appropriate. Therefore, their culture could influence Venda-speaking children’s engagement during play-based intervention which, in this study, focused on Gestalt play therapy. While the Venda traditions and norms are affected by acculturation, the beliefs, norms and practices of the Venda culture are still followed in some geographical areas, and even Venda people who adopted a modernised lifestyle, still maintain some elements of their culture. It is recommended that social workers who provide counselling to Venda-speaking children learn about the culture to become more culturally competent. However, the extent to which a family, and thus a child, follow the cultural prescriptions should be determined due to different levels of adherence to the Venda culture because of acculturation. The researcher further recommends that more extensive studies on African children’s engagement be conducted, including studies with greater sample sizes and studies with the children as the unit of analysis. / Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted

by Michael Athans and Sanjoy K. Mitter. / Final report / Bibliography: p. 17-19. / "March 1979." / Grant AFOSR-77-3281B

The study of Japan has too often been premised upon a crude presupposition that any intellectual or artistic production is predetermined by the structure of Japanese language or culture. This rather culturalist assumption can be sustained only by a refusal to entertain theoretical critiques. This article shows that the typical culturalist argument about Japanese literature is based upon a misconception of translation and the accompanying essentialist view of language.

This thesis examines the role of music in British-South Asian postcolonial literature, asking how music relates to the possibility of constructing postcolonial identity. The focus is on novels that explore the postcolonial condition in India and the United Kingdom, as well as Pakistan and the United States: Vikram Seth's A Suitable Boy (1993), Amit Chaudhuri's Afternoon Raag (1993), Suhayl Saadi's Psychoraag (2004), Hanif Kureishi's The Buddha of Suburbia (1990) and The Black Album (1995), and Salman Rushdie's The Ground Beneath Her Feet (1999). The analysed novels feature different kinds of music, from Indian classical to non-classical traditions, and from Western classical music to pop music and rock 'n' roll. Music is depicted as a cultural artefact and as a purely aestheticised art form at the same time. As a cultural artefact, music derives meaning from its socio-cultural context of production and serves as a frame of reference to explore postcolonial identities on their own terms. As purely aesthetic art, music escapes its contextual meaning. The transcendental qualities of music render music a space where identities can be expressed irrespective of origin and politics of location. Thereby, music in the novels marks a very productive space to imagine the postcolonial nation and to rewrite imperial history, to express the cultural hybridity of characters in-between nations, to analyse the state of the nation and life in the multicultural diaspora of contemporary Great Britain, and to explore the ramifications of cultural globalisation versus cultural imperialism. Analysing music's cultural meaning and aesthetic value in relation to postcolonial identity, this thesis opens up new frames of textual and cultural analysis that help understand the postcolonial condition from the interdisciplinary perspective of word and music studies.

The aim of this study is to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of construction materials in relation with the structural behaviour of a historic structure. Within this framework, the brick masonry superstructure of Tahir ile Zuhre Mescidi, a XIIIth century Seljuk monument in Konya was selected as case study. The study started with the determination of the basic physical (bulk density, effective porosity, water absorption capacity), mechanical (modulus of elasticity, uniaxial compressive strength), durability and pozzolanic properties of original brick and mortar by laboratory analysis. The obtained data was utilized as material information at the modelling of superstructure, by means of structural analysis software, SAP2000. At the modelling stage, finite element method was used and the complexity of masonry in terms of nonlinearity and heterogeneity was taken into account within practical limits. The constructed model was investigated under dead load, wind load, snow load, temperature load and earthquake load and their possible combinations. Structural investigation was continued with two scenarios representing possible wrong interventions i.e. completion of the partially collapsed superstructure with concrete and the concrete coating over superstructure. These cases were investigated under uniform and randomly distributed temperature loads. The results approved the safety of the superstructure under normal service conditions, defined as the appropriate combinations of dead load, snow load, wind load and temperature load. The structure appeared to be safe under the earthquake load too. The analyses carried out to simulate the inappropriate restoration works demonstrated the structural damage formations at the original structure.

Recovery of caustic solution from mercerizing wastewaters of a denim producing textile mill was performed by using membrane technologies. A comprehensive characterization study was conducted to develop the treatment scheme. Highly alkaline and warm condition of wastewater has induced using membranes made of Polyethersulfone (PES). Conducted pretreatment applications such as microfiltration, flocculation and centrifuge have been found unsuccessful to improve further treatment capacities. Hence recovery studies which are UF, NF and pilot-system membrane applications have been implemented without any pretreatment. Effects of TMP and CFV on UF and NF processes were investigated and optimum operating conditions have been defined. UF has accomplished almost complete caustic solution recovery beside high COD and color retentions 84 % and 94 % under 4.03 bar TMP and 0.79 m/s CFV at 20&plusmn / 2 0C. Because of higher capacity of NF membranes also in acid and alkali recovery area, NF process has been studied in addition to UF. NF has also provided nearly complete NaOH recoveries with 92 % COD and 98 % color retentions under 4.03 bar TMP and 0.79 m/s CFV at 20&plusmn / 2 0C. Furthermore temperature effect was also studies by repeating the same processes at 40&plusmn / 2 0C considering the real operating conditions. Temperature has affected the system performance positively with regards to flux increases with insignificant loses in recovery and retention capacities. Lastly a pilot plant study has been conducted and it was found successful despite some operational difficulties due to high inorganic content and temperature of wastewater.

Italian architectural historian and critic, Manfredo Tafuri, with his seminal book Theories and History of Architecture, issued in 1968, started a new era in the architectural discourse. With his eminent theorization of &ldquo / architecture as the critique of ideology,&rdquo / Tafuri had shifted the critique of architecture to a political and Marxist level and this revolutionary understanding had absolute impacts on the institutionalization of the American critical discourse after 1968. This study is a historical criticism of the said intellectual interaction that examines the related theoretical transformations in discourse through specific publications, exhibitions, and symposiums. The 1972 MoMA exhibition, entitled Italy: The New Domestic Landscape (INDL) was a singular &ldquo / case&rdquo / in this examination since the first encounter of American intellectuals with the English translation of Tafuri&rsquo / s text, introducing a historical language, was through its catalog. Assigning the exhibition as a &ldquo / moment of crisis&rdquo / that had critical determining value for the comprehension of the entire sequence, this study attempts to reveal its significance, by analyzing the INDL catalog with a Tafurian methodology. In its entirety, the present study is a historical criticism of a sequence, which, however, does not refer to a linear flow of time. It is the &ldquo / project of crises&rdquo / in that particular sequence, a &ldquo / historical project&rdquo / in Tafurian sense. The project begins with the &ldquo / doubling&rdquo / of the INDL catalog. It recomposes the process into autonomous narratives, and then establishes an analytical relationship between those and Italophile inclinations in related texts, published in the periodical Oppositions between 1974 and 1984.

Although deep saline aquifers are found in all sedimentary basins and provide very large storage capacities, a little is known about them because they are rarely a target for the exploration. Furthermore, nearly all the experiments and simulations made for CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers are related to the sandstone formations. The aim of this study is to create a predictive model to estimate the CO2 storage capacity of the deep saline carbonate aquifers since a little is known about them. To create a predictive model, the variables which affect the CO2 storage capacity and their ranges are determined from published literature data. They are rock properties (porosity, permeability, vertical to horizontal permeability ratio), fluid properties (irreducible water saturation, gas permeability end point, Corey water and gas coefficients), reaction properties (forward and backward reaction rates) and reservoir properties (depth, pressure gradient, temperature gradient, formation dip angle, salinity), diffusion coefficient and Kozeny-Carman Coefficient. Other parameters such as pore volume compressibility and density of brine are calculated from correlations found in literature. To cover all possibilities, Latin Hypercube Space Filling Design is used to construct 100 simulation cases and CMG STARS is used for simulation runs. By using least squares method, a linear correlation is found to calculate CO2 storage capacity of the deep saline carbonate aquifers with a correlation coefficient 0.81 by using variables found from literature and simulation results. Numerical dispersion effects have been considered by increasing the grid dimensions. It has been found that correlation coefficient decreased to 0.77 when the grid size was increased from 250 ft to 750 ft. The sensitivity analysis shows that the most important parameter that affects CO2 storage capacity is depth since the pressure difference between formation pressure and fracture pressure increases with depth. Also, CO2 storage mechanisms are investigated at the end of 300 years of simulation. Most of the gas (up to 90%) injected into formation dissolves into the formation water and negligible amount of CO2 reacts with carbonate. This result is consistent with sensitivity analysis results since the variables affecting the solubility of CO2 in brine have greater affect on storage capacity of aquifers. Dimensionless linear and nonlinear predictive models are constructed to estimate the CO2 storage capacity of all deep saline carbonate aquifers and it is found that the best dimensionless predictive model is linear one independent of bulk volume of the aquifer.

Recent ground failure case histories after 1994 Northridge, 1999 Kocaeli and 1999 Chi-Chi earthquakes revealed that low-plasticity silt-clay mixtures generate significant cyclic pore pressures and can exhibit a strain-softening response, which may cause significant damage to overlying structural systems. These observations accelerated research studies on liquefaction susceptibility of fine-grained soils. Alternative approaches to Chinese Criteria were proposed by several researchers (Seed et al. 2003, Bray and Sancio 2006, Boulanger and Idriss 2006) most of which assess liquefaction triggering potential based on cyclic test results compared on the basis of index properties of soils (such as LL, PI, LI, wc/LL). Although these new methodologies are judged to be major improvements over Chinese Criteria, still there exist unclear issues regarding if and how reliably these methods can be used for the assessment of liquefaction triggering potential of fine grained soils. In this study, results of cyclic tests performed on undisturbed specimens (ML, CL, MH and CH) were used to study cyclic shear strain and excess pore water pressure generation response of fine-grained soils. Based on comparisons with the cyclic response of saturated clean sands, a shift in pore pressure ratio (ru) vs. shear strain response is observed, which is identified to be a function of PI, LL and (wc/LL). Within the confines of this study, i) probabilistically based boundary curves identifying liquefaction triggering potential in the ru vs. shear strain domain were proposed as a function of PI, LL and (wc/LL), ii) these boundaries were then mapped on to the normalized net tip resistance (qt,1,net) vs. friction ratio (FR) domain, consistent with the work of Cetin and Ozan (2009). The proposed framework enabled both Atterberg limits and CPT based assessment of liquefaction triggering potential of fine grained low plasticity soils, differentiating clearly both cyclic mobility and liquefaction responses.

This thesis carries out an analysis of social pressure and the alienation of women in Angela Carter&rsquo / s The Magic Toyshop and Jeanette Winterson&rsquo / s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. It discusses the effect of social pressure on woman whose sexuality is ignored. This study initially focuses on the development of woman&rsquo / s sexuality in relation to the female model described by heterosexual hegemony. It aims at taking a closer look at the alienation of conformist and non-conformist female characters under patriarchal force in Carter&rsquo / s and Winterson&rsquo / s works. In relation to women&rsquo / s sexual identity, the thesis examines gender roles in the particular works. It discusses how women under patriarchal oppression are identified with passive female roles while men are associated with superior male roles. Thus this study iterates how women are alienated as a result of patriarchal gendering. With this aim, it questions the ways to destroy the patriarchal oppression for Carter and Winterson.