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To these developing tourism destinations, the role of technology is becoming more influential, and technological initiatives are sometimes included as part of a tourism development ‘aid package’ by many donors including the European Union (EU), World Bank and UNWTO. The outcomes of such aid projects have often dictated the development pace of individual countries’ tourism industry. Sometimes the outcomes reflect the political and economic priorities and social requirements of the aid donor itself, and may not always meet the prime needs of the beneficiary country as a first requirement. Initial research shows that attempts to develop and implement IT into the developing countries of the Caribbean, as part of a regional aid funded tourism development project, have not been a total success. The reasons for failure may vary from country to country, but this project shows there is a common thread running through the different projects; the human issues. These range from senior management’s understanding of the mportance of technology, through the development, management and allocation of sufficient resources to a national tourism destination, to the use of technology and the empowerment of management and staff to implement the IT strategies. The increasingly extensive use of dynamic IT in global tourism, by a labour force experienced in creative technology, has seen the introduction of new and dynamic technologies and associated operational system and management requirements. These require developing countries to cope with changing skills and organisational requirements that some cannot accomplish. As a result, they must change and adjust to new staff and skills, or the IT Implementation fails, from a technological point of view. Respondents find that managing this dynamic change, even with the benefit of organisational systems and new staff, is a challenging task. From my fieldwork I found that some Directors of Tourism and senior managers feel pressured to choose between two managerial dimensions – rationalism and humanism. Collins and Porras (1994) propose that this is a trap for managers, as they may succumb to the ‘tyranny of the or – managers can be either rationalistic or humanistic. However, I found that experienced senior managers harness what Collins and Porras call the ‘genius of the and’. That is, they are not trapped by this polarity and have both mastered and utilised systems and married this with building a new organisation, retaining and training their key experienced staff to work with new technologies, recruiting new skills as the situation demands. The paradox for the tourism industry is that, with experienced directors of tourism and senior managers being few in number and difficult to recruit, losing them risks damaging the organisational knowledge base and social framework. Ultimately, this damage influences the way in which new technologies are assimilated into the organisation, and how resources, both financial and human, are managed or mismanaged. The key practical message for directors of tourism and senior managers involved in today’s rapidly changing, technology-driven, tourism marketplace is this. It is essential for them to be more aware of the need to develop an organisation and skill base with the resources to assimilate and use the new technology tools. Failure to recognise and practically support this vision will restrict the benefits of implementing tourism technologies, the achievement of business objectives, and the organisation’s chance of competing in the global tourism marketplace. As well as this project report, the full EU-funded CRSTDP Management Information System (MIS) Project Report (Phase 1 – Development and Phase 2 – Implementation) are submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of Doctor of Professional Studies

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This thesis seeks to analyse the notions of historical and physical authenticity as applied to the contemporary cityscape. I propose that criteria of authenticity can be established through study of social interaction within the cityscape. Authenticity reveals itself as the spatial reflection of the lived experience of the city's inhabitants. Following the liberalization of politics and the media in 1987, Taiwan has become a maze of competing and conflicting ideologies and visual images. The cityscape of Taipei reflects this political and social change, making it difficult to distinguish between the authentic substructure and simulacrum. In such a complex environment, people cling to the concept of authenticity in order to retain their sense of identity. Taipei has therefore been chosen to examine how such historical, economic, social, political, and cultural factors impact on the transformation of urban environment. Shopping streets provide the best illustration of the conflict and negotiation between global and local culture in contemporary cities. They stimulate and witness a dialogue between historicism and capitalism. Asian cities, such as Singapore, Hong Kong and Taipei, express the adoption of Western market economies and the trend toward political liberalisation and democratisation in their modern architecture and lifestyle. Their cityscapes have undergone drastic urbanisation and become non-places, as a characterless and universal commercial culture has dominated the production of urban space. Their streetscapes, however, apparently so "inauthentic", are actually the genuine result of contemporary economic, social and cultural forces. The framework of my analysis is grounded on ideas and definitions of social space derived from the work of Henri Lefebvre and Edward W. Soja. Four particular areas are explored to establish a definition of authenticity: the history of development, the memory of place, visual simulation, and mobility within space. This framework is then applied to two representative streets, the historical Ti-Hua Street and the modern Chung-Hsiao East Road in order to investigate how the social, political, and economic changes that have resulted from the process of Westernisation are reflected in the spatial structure of these commercial streets. Through the application of this framework, the condition of authenticity is questioned and identified in the city.

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