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The circulation of Cypriot pottery in the Middle Bronze AgeMaguire, Louise January 1991 (has links)
No description available.
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The role of monuments in the Neolithic of the South of ScotlandMurray, B. J. January 1994 (has links)
No description available.
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Middle helladic and early Mycenaean mortuary customs in the southern and western PeloponneseBoyd, Michael John January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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The Central Hall in the Egyptian temples of the Ptolemaic periodMetwally, Amr Aly Aly Gaber January 2009 (has links)
This thesis aims at studying the different aspects of the Central Halls in the Egyptian temples of the Ptolemaic period. According to the texts of that period, the Central Hall has different designations used to refer to it. Whenever it exists, the location of this Central Hall is always between the Sanctuary and the Hall of Offerings on the main axis of the temple. This centralized and strategic location of the Central Hall inside the temples implies an important role played inside the temple either during the religious festivals celebrated inside the temples or during the daily offering rituals. Furthermore, this place was used to access other places inside the temple. The study presents a detailed analysis for the deities and the enneads connected with the Central Halls. Moreover, it highlights the decoration, the different ritual scenes and the offerings depicted on the walls of the Central Hall. This thesis also shows how and when the Central Halls were used inside the temples and who used them. The study also presents a full translation for the texts of the Central Halls of the temples of Philae, Edfu and Kom Ombo.
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The Anglo-Saxon stone sculpture of Mercia as evidence for continental influence and cultural exchangeBergius, Gwendoline Clare Courtena January 2012 (has links)
Scholarship has long considered the style of stone sculpture produced in Mercia during the late eighth and early ninth centuries to reflect the direct influence of artistic activities on the Carolingian continent. Written sources point to the dialogue that existed between the Anglo-Saxon kingdom and the Carolingian courts in the years after Offa’s rise to the Mercian throne. This dialogue has been understood to signal Offa’s desire to raise his profile and that of his kingdom in the eyes of Charlemagne and the papacy. Mercian sculpture, unparalleled in its range of form and ornament, has thus been thought to owe its unique character to borrowed contemporary continental styles and motifs. By means of multi-disciplinary research combining art historical, archaeological and historical approaches, this thesis establishes the nature of the relationship between Mercian sculpture and continental artistic production. Examination of the development of Carolingian sculptural styles against the backdrop of the enduring legacy of late Antiquity reveals the variety of artistic models available to Mercian sculptors. Through close analysis of the stylistic parallels between Mercian sculpture and late Antique, eastern Christian, Lombard and Carolingian monumental art, this research reveals the motivations and mechanisms behind the adoption and adaptation of continental motifs. Exploration of the means by which Mercian patrons and artists accessed continental motifs demonstrates the links between the forms and ornament of Mercian sculpture and the types of sites at which sculpture survives. These associations are argued to be reflective of the hierarchy of exchange networks that linked sites in the kingdom with centres of importance on the Continent and further afield. The development of Carolingian and papal monumental art highlights the shared interest in and importance of late Antique imperialism. Despite a parallel agenda, Mercian sculptors are shown to have accessed late Antique artistic sources largely independent of Carolingian intermediaries.
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Exploring prehistoric tuberculosis in Britain : a combined macroscopic and biomolecular approachMcCarrison, Kirsty Elizabeth January 2012 (has links)
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial, infectious disease, currently responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Although the aetiology of the disease in its current form is well documented in the clinical literature, little is known of the form the disease took in earlier times, or the time at which it first entered Britain. This study aimed to test the hypotheses that TB was present in British prehistory, (as it was in Europe), prior to that previously identified in the Iron Age (Mays and Taylor, 2003) and that the infection was caused by both M. tuberculosis and M. bovis; the latter most commonly contracted from cattle. The objective of the project was to use ancient DNA (aDNA) from human skeletons to study the bacteria responsible for TB (M. tuberculosis complex) in order to then study the origin and evolution of the strains of the bacteria causing TB in prehistoric Britain. Thirteen individuals from Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Age sites in the south of England (comprising inhumations of reasonable preservation), were selected for inclusion in the project, based on non-specific evidence of infection, potentially representative of early tuberculous skeletal involvement. A biocultural approach was employed in order to better understand the environmental and social context from which the samples originated. The geographical area under study was limited to the south of Britain, (with the exception of Wetwang Slack in Yorkshire) because of the direct contact between Britain and the continent in this region. Biomolecular analysis did not produce positive results for TB, the reasons for which may include poor preservation of pathogen aDNA, and thus, no conclusive evidence was found of the presence of TB in prehistoric Britain prior to that already identified. Problems encountered during the project were highlighted in an effort to improve efficiency of future projects, with suggestions as to how this study may be extended in order to allow development of a much more comprehensive history of TB in Britain to be formed; its origins, spread and possible impact on ancient British populations.
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Assessment of the CORONA series of satellite imagery for landscape archaeology : a case study from the Orontes valley, SyriaGaliatsatos, Nikolaos January 2004 (has links)
In 1995, a large database of satellite imagery with worldwide coverage taken from 1960 until 1972 was declassified. The main advantages of this imagery known as CORONA that made it attractive for archaeology were its moderate cost and its historical value. The main disadvantages were its unknown quality, format, geometry and the limited base of known applications. This thesis has sought to explore the properties and potential of CORONA imagery and thus enhance its value for applications in landscape archaeology. In order to ground these investigations in a real dataset, the properties and characteristics of CORONA imagery were explored through the case study of a landscape archaeology project working in the Orontes Valley, Syria. Present-day high-resolution IKONOS imagery was integrated within the study and assessed alongside CORONA imagery. The combination of these two image datasets was shown to provide a powerful set of tools for investigating past archaeological landscape in the Middle East. The imagery was assessed qualitatively through photointerpretation for its ability to detect archaeological remains, and quantitatively through the extraction of height information after the creation of stereomodels. The imagery was also assessed spectrally through fieldwork and spectroradiometric analysis, and for its Multiple View Angle (MVA) capability through visual and statistical analysis. Landscape archaeology requires a variety of data to be gathered from a large area, in an effective and inexpensive way. This study demonstrates an effective methodology for the deployment of CORONA and IKONOS imagery and raises a number of technical points of which the archaeological researcher community need to be aware of. Simultaneously, it identified certain limitations of the data and suggested solutions for the more effective exploitation of the strengths of CORONA imagery.
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Pigs from six medieval sites in Flanders : a multiple methodological approach to the study of their husbandry developmentDrew, Carrie Ann January 2010 (has links)
This study considers the effects that variations in living conditions have on animals, in particular pigs, and how these differences can be examined using the archaeological record. A wider theme examines whether changes in the husbandry of animals can be understood more clearly and recognised more accurately by employing recently developing techniques and whether any of these could be beneficial to use as standard practice. It investigates how, using a much wider than normal range of approaches zooarchaeological evidence at archaeological sites can be used to answer questions about husbandry in a much better way than any of the approaches in isolation. This research used six key faunal assemblages from sites in Western Flanders as case studies to investigate these questions, with a particular focus reserved for pigs. The sites used for the primary research comprised Raversijde (15th century AD), Koekelare (15th century AD), Ename (14th century AD), Londerzeel (13th-14th centuries AD), Veurne (10th-11th centuries AD) and Oudenberg (4th century AD), all sites from Western Flanders and predominantly dating to the medieval period. The sites exhibited differences in both physical location and social context which were believed likely to explain any variations husbandry strategies should they exist. Rsults showed that, as population pressures increased during the early modern period, a nuanced change in pig-keeping from pannage to stall-keeping occurred. It has been practically impossible to identify this change from the archaeological record through traditional means. At Raversijde, in particular the type of pig-keeping being employed was clearly determined as stall-keeping, especially seen through the high frequency of enamel hypoplasias, indicating stress, but the spacing of teeth in the jaws indicated good nourishment in general. The techniques utilised in this project include dental microwear, linear enamel hypoplasia, and identification of pathologies or anomalies in both teeth and post-cranial elements, set alongside more traditional examinations of both mandibular and post-cranial elements. This provided an in-depth consideration of how recent scientific developments and established standard zooarchaeological techniques could be integrated, and also showed the potential in exploring further methodologies as standard for such sites. As well as successfully differentiating husbandry practices in the various sites examined, the research also highlighted the necessity to explore further what is meant by a ‘typical’ domestic pig.
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Pots, people, and politics : a reconsideration of the role of ceramics in reconstructions of the Iron Age Northern LevantWhincop, Matthew R. January 2008 (has links)
This thesis aims to reconsider current reconstructions of the Iron Age Northern Levant and the role that ceramics studies have played in these interpretations. This study begins with an assessment of the use of the historical narrative in current interpretations. This historical interpretative framework has produced a broad perspective on Iron Age society, at the expense of localised behaviours. For this reason, the present study attempts to engage with Iron Age material culture, more specifically pottery, and consider its role within past societies beyond the broad socio-political histories depicted in texts. This study presents a regional ceramic typology for the Iron Age (including the Persian period) and undertakes an analysis of the distribution patterns of this typology across the Northern Levant. An alternative interpretation of the ceramic data is offered, before being compared with the current historical model. This alternative reconstruction focuses on theories of practice, and foodways, whilst appreciating the dynamic manner by which material culture is used to constantly negotiate and consolidate social structures. This thesis will determine the compatibility of archaeology and text, and make some final recommendations for their correlation.
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Early urbanism in the northern fertile crescent : a comparison of regional settlement trajectories and millennial landscape changeLawrence, Dan January 2012 (has links)
This thesis investigates the development of urban centres in the Northern Fertile Crescent during the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age and seeks to place this development in a wider context of landscape transformation over time. Settlement data from eight archaeological surveys covering a range of landscape types and environments are brought into a single interpretive framework, organised through a Geographical Information System (GIS). These surveys are enhanced through the use of satellite imagery, particularly Corona spy photography, to discover new sites both within and outside the boundaries of their original areas. Methods for the incorporation of this wide range of data are developed, including the use of concepts such as ‘certainty’ and ‘precision’ and techniques for the comparison of multiple chronological systems. These new methods are used to undertake a multi-scalar examination of settlement trajectories from the 5th to the 3rd millennium. Two phases of urban development are evident, first in the Late Chalcolithic and then during the ‘second urban revolution’ (Akkermans and Schwartz 2003) in the later Early Bronze Age. Whilst the Late Chalcolithic centres emerged within dense landscapes of small settlements, urbanisation in the later Early Bronze Age was accompanied by the widespread incursion of settlement into a ‘zone of uncertainty’ on the margins of the steppe. It is argued that a combination of factors, including the shift from flax to wool as the raw material in textile production and the development of social institutions capable of bearing risks at a large scale, provided the incentive and the means for this expansion, and that this transformed the societies of the region as a whole. This phenomenon is then placed in the wider context of long-term landscape change. It is argued that differences in settlement histories across the region can account for variations in the preservation of the archaeological record.
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