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This study analyses aspects of the relationship between religion and social class in mid-nineteenth century Aberdeen and is primarily concerned with the Presbyterian denominations. More specifically it is a study of the emergence and development of the Free Church. The Disruption is analysed within the context of changes which had taken place in the form of industrial production whereby the city as a centre of manufacturing had replaced the domestic production of the countryside. The concomitant changes in the social structure, and the divisions which resulted within the old ruling families, are probed. An extensive analysis is undertaken of the social patterns of adherence to the Established and Free Churches and the subsequent development of the Free Church is explained in terms of the social support it enjoyed in 1843. A detailed examination is made of the Census of Religious Worship in 1851, and problems associated with working-class attendance, and participation in church government. Working-class religiosity - measured by belief in church "connection" - is explained within the context of the prevailing forms of social control, notably educational provisions. The attempts by the Presbyterians to bridge the gap between church "connection" and church attendance are analysed and compared with the missionary efforts of other denominations.

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This thesis is a mythical and empirical history of British interactions with the countryside in the mid-twentieth century, through a case study of the Suffolk coast. From early in the twentieth century aeroplane flight focussed attention on Britain’s status as an island, an effect compounded by the post-WWII shrinking of the empire. Late-modernist literature translated the end of empire into a resurgent concept of national culture, and this thesis examines a similar process of mediation in scientific, natural historical and military discourses. I show how from the 1930s onwards, island myths were mobilised in a variety of very localised sites, which acted as both metaphor and metonym. The thesis weaves together two usually unconnected styles of enquiry: institutional and networked histories; and histories of lived experiences and historical consciousness. In a geographical reappraisal of the early history of radar, I show how island myths were used to establish authority for the sites, Orfordness and Bawdsey Manor. I examine how the sites were simultaneously made to extend into the surrounding space and coordinate a national defence system. I then investigate the development of practices of representation and display in radar, and relate them to broader trends, especially concerning ideas of surveillance. Adding to the militarised landscapes of radar, I investigate changing conceptions of wartime Suffolk, as isolated places and spaces of simulation appeared all over the country. Militarisation also played an important role in the post-war recolonisation of Britain, via Suffolk, by the avocet (<i>Recurvirostra avosetta</i>). I use this episode to trace ties between the landscape and local and national identity in cultures of nature conservation and natural history. Finally, I bring literary representations of Suffolk into the picture. Using popular guidebooks, topographical studies and histories, I investigate the changing relation between the space of ‘secluded’ Suffolk and the historical consciousness associated with it. I use three case studies of literary treatments to examine the gradual incorporation of military Suffolk into countryside writing.