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The dissertation represents a study of the anarchist movement which arose in Russia immediately prior to the revolution of 1905, and concerns itself with the period from 1905 until the spring of 1918, when the first mass arrests of anarchists occurred under Soviet rule. In essence, the aims of the study are to trace the influence and support of the anarchist movement during both revolutionary upheavals in Russia, 1905 and 1917. The main thrust of the thesis is an attempt to demonstrate that the Russian anarchist movement, though small in numbers, asserted a disproportionately large degree of influence amongst specific sections of the population. Further, it is argued that this influence would have been still greater, particularly in 1917, had the anarchists been able to capitalise on their support and unite their forces around some form of organisational structure. Their failure in this respect is seen as the main cause of their swift disappearance from the revolutionary scene after 1917, an easy prey for Bolshevik suppression. The dissertation opens with a brief introduction reviewing the current state of Western and Soviet academic research on the Russian anarchist movement, and notes the inherent problems encountered in the search for primary source materials. Chapter I discusses the main tenets of the ideology espoused by the Russian anarchists in the period under study. There then follows an analysis of the role and influence of the anarchists in the 1905 revolution, together with a discussion of the reasons for their failure to make more of their early successes. Chapter IV looks in detail at the anarchist movement in emigration in the West in the period between the two revolutions, 1907 - 1917. Finally Chapters V and VI concern themselves with the anarchist movement in the 1917 revolution, split into the period February-October, 1917, and the early months of Soviet power, October, 1917 - April, 1918. A concluding chapter brings together the main themes of the dissertation and reasserts the reasons for the need for a study of the Russian anarchists.

Basé sur des documents authentiques rares et inédits, ce travail a pour but d’étoffer une nouvelle image de la Révolution russe via les revues satiriques de l’époque. Ces revues sont de véritables œuvres d’art révolutionnaires qui interrogent la liberté de la presse et l’art durant une période charnière en Russie. Il s’agit d’une témoignage direct de cette année révolutionnaire, véhiculé par des artistes avant-gardistes libérés de la censure, et qui vont, au fil des semaines, composer une image originale de l’année 2017 et des deux révolutions russes de février et d’octobre au travers des couvertures illustrées. Afin de conserver la dynamique chronologique des événements, les revues ont été mises en parallèle avec les témoignages écrits d’époque, de personnalités diverses telles que Claude Anet, Pierre Pascal, Maxime Gorki, Maurice Paléologue, ou encore John S. Reed. Tous ont accompagné les bouleversements révolutionnaires à leur manière et constituent l’écho historique de ces revues satiriques illustrées qui nous permettent de plonger au cœur même du quotidien des révolutions russes caractérisant une nouvelle image de la Révolution, mouvante, singulière et remarquable. / Based on rare and authentic documents, this work endeavors to elaborate a new image of the Russian Revolution through satirical magazines of the time. These illustrated reviews are genuine works of art that question freedom of the press and art itself during a transnational period in Russia. They serve as a direct testimony of this revolutionary year, providing an original image of the two Russian revolutions of February and October and featuring on the review’s front cover week after week avant-garde artists freed from censorship of the press. In order to preserve the chronological dynamic of the events, satirical reviews are coupled with historical testimony of various writers such as Claude Anet, Pierre Pascal, Maxime Gorki, Maurice Paleologue, and John S. Reed, among others. All of them had supported the revolutionary turmoil in their own way and constitute an historical echo of the illustrated satirical reviews allowing us to plunge into the heart of daily life during the two Russian revolutions, and thus creating a new image of the Revolution, set in motion, single-minded, and noteworthy.