Stock-ordering is one of the challenges that microenterprises face, because shop owners often need to leave their shops to travel to suppliers of goods. Triple Trust Organization (TTO) is a non-profit organization (NGO) that works with microenterprises around Cape Town and addresses this problem. They act as a supplier and fetch stock orders from shops they work with. Their ordering system relied on paper order forms and had a number of inefficiencies. To address these inefficiencies, a mobile-based stock-ordering system was designed with TTO. This system allows orders to be recorded and sent to a server at the TTO office using a mobile phone application where the orders are then processed. This system successfully increased TTO’s efficiency in three ways, namely, improved data processing ability, increased order accuracy and increased access to information. The evaluation was done according to their success criteria and the system has been in use for seven months. We argue that evaluations with NGOs should go further than just the management but include all of those affected by the system.

J.M. Ntsime's short story "Khutsana" is the subject of a narratological analysis in this minidissertation. Using Bal's theory which distinguishes between elements and aspects of a story, this study focuses on the elements of a story, which include events, actors, time and place. Events in "Khutsana" have been identified, arranged in chronological order and organised into eight sequences. The actors have been classified according to the actantial model in order to highlight the relations which exist between the groups of actors. For instance, Segwana and Gabankitse are classified as subjects, and the object of their striving is to care for, and love Lesego. The receiver is often the same person as the subject, that is, Gabankitse and Segwana. More than one actant can occur with the same actor. The sender is in many cases not a person but an abstraction. The opponent-actant is classified as both abstractions and actors. All the helpers show a collective disposition regarding care for and love to Lesego. Two kinds of duration have been determined. namely a crisis period which indicates a short span of time, and a longer developmental period. The location where events happened - in a rural area - is given. In conclusion, this study has shown that Bal's theory can successhlly be applied in a narratological analysis of the Setswana short story "Khutsana". Strachan (1988:6) pointed out that one thing remains to be evident, viz. that the story is the "original" level of the narrative text before the particulars are viewed from a special viewpoint and before it is told by a narrative instance. Events, actors, time and place occur at this level. / Skripsie (MA (Tswana))--PU vir CHO, 1997

The problem with which this paper is concerned is that of investigating the properties of an integral which was first defined by E. J. McShane in lecture notes presented at the Conference on Modern Theories of Integration, held at the University of Oklahoma in June, 1969.

Parallel programs are increasingly used to perform scientific calculations on supercomputers. Optimising parallel applications to scale well, and ensuring maximum parallelisation, is a challenging task. The performance of parallel programs is affected by a range of factors, such as limited network bandwidth, parallel algorithms, memory latency and the speed of the processors. The term “performance bottlenecks” refers to obstacles that cause slow execution of the parallel programs. Visualisation tools are used to identify performance bottlenecks of parallel applications in an attempt to optimize the execution of the programs and fully utilise the available computational resources. TAU (Tuning and Analysis Utilities) callgraph visualisation is one such tool commonly used to analyse the performance of parallel programs. The callgraph visualisation shows the relationship between different parts (for example, routines, subroutines, modules and functions) of the parallel program executed during the run. TAU’s callgraph tool has limitations: it does not have the ability to effectively display large performance data (metrics) generated during the execution of the parallel program, and the relationship between different parts of the program executed during the run can be hard to see. The aim of this work is to design an effective callgraph visualisation that enables users to efficiently identify performance bottlenecks incurred during the execution of a parallel program. This design study employs a user-centred iterative methodology to develop a new callgraph visualisation, involving expert users in the three developmental stages of the system: these design stages develop prototypes of increasing fidelity, from a paper prototype to high fidelity interactive prototypes in the final design. The paper-based prototype of a new callgraph visualisation was evaluated by a single expert from the University of Oregon’s Performance Research Lab, which developed the original callgraph visualisation tool. This expert is a computer scientist who holds doctoral degree in computer and information science from University of Oregon and is the head of the University of Oregon’s Performance Research Lab. The interactive prototype (first high fidelity design) was evaluated against the original TAU callgraph system by a team of expert users, comprising doctoral graduates and undergraduate computer scientists from the University of Tennessee, United States of America (USA). The final complete prototype (second high fidelity design) of the callgraph visualisation was developed with the D3.js JavaScript library and evaluated by users (doctoral graduates and undergraduate computer science students) from the University of Tennessee, USA. Most of these users have between 3 and 20 years of experience in High Performance Computing (HPC). On the other hand, an expert has more than 20 years of experience in development of visualisation tools used to analyse the performance of parallel programs. The expert and users were chosen to test new callgraphs against original callgraphs because they have experience in analysing, debugging, parallelising, optimising and developing parallel programs. After evaluations, the final visualisation design of the callgraphs was found to be effective, interactive, informative and easy-to-use. It is anticipated that the final design of the callgraph visualisation will help parallel computing users to effectively identify performance bottlenecks within parallel programs, and enable full utilisation of computational resources within a supercomputer.

The conflict trajectory in the cases of Madagascar features highly unstable dynamics composed of various shifts (and no shift) of conflict stages. With nine main successive episodes of conflict spanning a long period of time (the colonial period to 2016), dynamics of escalation, de-escalation and stability (where the level of conflict remains the same) are building up the cycles of peace/conflict processes in this country. The present manuscript studies conflict recurrence in Madagascar and mainly argues that peace is multi-leveled throughout the cycles. Starting from that viewpoint, the concept of conflict transformation is used in explaining the ebbs and flows at play constructing the conflict trajectory. An innovative as well as original conceptual and methodological approach to the study of conflicts, weaving together Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and in-depth narrative analysis was applied. Reactive and non-reactive methods were used to collect the data, which, after being tested with fsQCA, Tosmana and R software, were examined by conducting conflict analysis, semiotics, public policy studies and critical discourse analysis. The Units of analysis in the research design allowing the study of the dynamics of conflict recurrence in Madagascar were the structural factors and parts of the mechanism pertaining to :a) conflict dimensions (cultural, socio-demographic and economic, political and global external), b) repertoires of action the conflicting parties used throughout the shifts (or no shift) of conflict stages, c) their framings of the conflicts, d) the boundary construction of the self/the other and e) the accommodation policies as well as f) the metanarratives and local narratives. On the whole peace and conflict processes in Madagascar.

Skripsie (MA (Tswana))--PU vir CHO, 1997.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Technology, Loughborough, 1990.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Birmingham, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 324-363).

Inaug.-Diss.--Frankfurt am Main. / Includes 4 speeches in English given by J.E. Powell. Vita. Bibliography: p. 146-167.

Thesis--Columbia University. / Published also without thesis statement. Vita. "Bibliographical note": p. [231]-238.