Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-30T23:20:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineCristinaMendesDeFarias_TESE.pdf: 9556716 bytes, checksum: 2350df4b9bbb084a66c9da511159a31d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-01T23:15:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineCristinaMendesDeFarias_TESE.pdf: 9556716 bytes, checksum: 2350df4b9bbb084a66c9da511159a31d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T23:15:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineCristinaMendesDeFarias_TESE.pdf: 9556716 bytes, checksum: 2350df4b9bbb084a66c9da511159a31d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A lubricidade do biodiesel interfere no funcionamento normal dos sistemas de inje??o diesel, principalmente dos bicos injetores, reduzindo o desgaste e elevando o tempo de vida da linha de alimenta??o do motor. O m?todo HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) ? um ensaio padr?o para avalia??o da lubricidade do diesel/biodiesel (ASTM D6079), consistindo principalmente da medi??o da escara de desgaste impressa na esfera numa sonda de movimento alternado sob alta frequ?ncia. Quando o desgaste se desenvolve, algumas caracter?sticas din?micas do sistema variam, resultando em desvios significativos nos padr?es dos sinais de vibra??o, ac?sticos e de atrito. A aquisi??o e caracteriza??o das assinaturas desses sinais obtidos durante os ensaios tribol?gicos representam uma importante ferramenta n?o intrusiva de avalia??o da lubricidade desses combust?veis, cuja representa??o no dom?nio do tempo nem sempre revelam informa??es triviais, sendo necess?ria sua transforma??o para o dom?nio da frequ?ncia usando a Transformada r?pida de Fourier (FFT) do sinal. A presente tese objetivou desenvolver uma forma din?mica de avalia??o de lubricidade de combust?veis (Diesel S50, ?ster Met?lico de Soja e blendas B10 e B20) em bancada HFRR (contato esfera-disco plano), e melhoria aos referenciais metodol?gicos da ASTM D6079, aplicando t?cnicas de an?lise de sinais (vibra??o e n?vel de press?o sonora) e sua associa??o com par?metros disponibilizados pela norma ASTM D6079 (di?metro da escara de desgaste) com dura??o de 75, 120 e 180 minutos. Os perfis e par?metros de rugosidade e an?lise microsc?pica dos discos foram usados para melhor avaliar a influ?ncia do tempo e do combust?vel na evolu??o do desgaste do disco. Nesta avalia??o, a lubricidade dos combust?veis aumentou com o teor de biodiesel utilizado e diminuiu com o aumento do n?mero de ciclos aplicado. A an?lise temporal e o espectro de frequ?ncia dos sinais demonstraram sensibilidade com a mudan?a do combust?vel, o n?mero de ciclos e, consequentemente, com a evolu??o do desgaste pelo uso prolongado dos combust?veis, estando, assim, correlacionados entre si e com os resultados dispon?veis pela ASTM. / The lubricity of biodiesel interferes in the normal operation of diesel injection systems, especially in nozzles. It can reduce the wear and raise the lifetime of the engine supply line. The method HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) is a standard test for evaluation of diesel/ biodiesel lubricity (ASTM D6079). The HFRR lubricity evaluation mainly consists of measuring the printed scar wear on the ball. When wear is developing, some dynamic features of the system vary and it results in significant changes in the patterns of vibration, sound pressure level (SPL) and friction signals. The acquisition and characterization of signatures of these signals obtained during tribological tests are an important non-intrusive tool for evaluating of the lubricity of these fuels, whose representation in the time domain not always reveals trivial information. This requires signal transformation to the frequency domain using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) analyses. This thesis aimed to develop a dynamic assessment of lubricity fuels (Diesel S50, Methyl Ester of Soybean and B10 and B20 blends) in HFRR bench (ball-on-flat disk contact), and improving the methodological framework of ASTM D6079 standard by application of signal analysis techniques (vibration and SPL) and its association with parameters provided by ASTM D6079 (wear scar diameter) lasting 75, 120 and 180 minutes. The profiles and topographic parameters of scars and their microscopic analysis were used to further evaluate the influence of the time and fuel in the wear evolution of disk. In this evaluation, the fuel lubricity was influenced by increasing of biodiesel content and decreasing of number of cycles applied. From the temporal and frequency spectrum analysis of the vibration and NPS signals it is shown that both vibration and NPS stablish a relation with fuel lubricity, biodiesel content, number of cycles and parameters of profiles from scar of discs.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JanainaSS.pdf: 6774864 bytes, checksum: 445b5e932b89fcc09c4b97403b959e26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Low cost seals are made of NBR, Nitrile Butadiene Rubber, a family of unsaturated copolymers that is higher resistant to oils the more content of nitrile have in its composition, although lower its flexibility. In Petroleum Engineering, NBR seal wear can cause fluid leakage and environmental damages, promoting an increasing demand for academic knowledge about polymeric materials candidate to seals submitted to sliding contacts to metal surfaces. This investigation aimed to evaluate tribological responses of a commercial NBR, hardness 73 ? 5 Sh A, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), hardness 60 ? 4 HRE and PTFE with graphite, 68 ? 6 HRE. The testings were performed on a sliding tribometer conceived to explore the tribological performance of stationary polymer plane coupons submitted to rotational cylinder contact surface of steel AISI 52100, 20 ? 1 HRC Hardness, under dry and lubricated (oil SAE 15W40) conditions. After screening testings, the normal load, relative velocity and sliding distance were 3.15 N, 0.8 m/s and 3.2 km, respectively. The temperatures were collected over distances of 3.0?0.5 mm and 750?50 mm far from the contact to evaluate the heating in this referential zone due to contact sliding friction by two thermocouples K type. The polymers were characterized through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The wear mechanisms of the polymer surfaces were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDS (Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). NBR referred to the higher values of heating, suggesting higher sliding friction. PTFE and PTFE with graphite showed lower heating, attributed to the delamination mechanism / Retentores de baixo custo s?o comercialmente dispon?veis de NBR, copol?meros insaturados de borrachas de nitrilo-butadieno que s?o mais resistentes aos ?leos quanto mais altos forem seus teores de nitrila, ? custa de uma menor flexibilidade. Em Engenharia de Petr?leo, o desgaste dos retentores de NBR causa vazamento de fluidos e danos ambientais, provocando uma crescente demanda de conhecimento acad?mico sobre materiais polim?ricos candidatos a retentor submetidos a contatos de deslizamento com superf?cies de metal. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar respostas tribol?gicas de tr?s pol?meros comercialmente dispon?veis, NBR, dureza 73 ? 5 Sh A, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), dureza 60 ? 4 HRE e PTFE com grafite, 68 ? 6 HRE. Os ensaios foram realizados em um trib?metro de deslizamento concebido para explorar o desempenho tribol?gico de corpos-de-prova polim?ricos estacion?rios de superf?cie plana submetidos a um contato seco ou lubrificado (?leo SAE 15W40) de uma superf?cie rotativa cil?ndrica de a?o 52100, dureza 20 ? 1 HRC. A carga normal, a velocidade relativa e a dist?ncia de deslizamento foram, respectivamente, 3,15 N, 0,8 m/s e 3,2 km, determinadas ap?s ensaios explorat?rios iniciais. As temperaturas foram medidas por dois termopares tipo K a 3,0?0,5 mm e 750?50 mm de dist?ncia do contato para avaliar-se o aquecimento em uma mesma regi?o devido ao atrito de deslizamento no contato. Os pol?meros foram caracterizados atrav?s de An?lises Termogravim?tricas (TGA), Calorimetria Diferencial Explorat?ria (DSC) e An?lises Din?mico-Mec?nica (DMA). Os mecanismos de desgaste das superf?cies dos pol?meros foram analisados por Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV) e EDS (Espectroscopia por Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X). NBR apresentou os maiores valores de aquecimento, sugerindo maior atrito de deslizamento. PTFE e PTFE grafitado apresentaram um menor aquecimento, atribu?do ao mecanismo de desgaste por delamina??o