The American City is layered in differences. Over time the city has been shaped and reshaped by different cultures and identities in the urban landscape. However, difference is still consistently otherized, and ethnicity becomes excluded by society as this other. In 2010, the Latino population increased from 13 percent in 2000 to 16 percent of the total population, or 51 million people. And yet, Latinos are still particularly otherized in cities like New Orleans, where the demographics have been shifting since Katrina and the Latino population has more than doubled in size. Despite the city’s rich history of Latin American culture, the population’s identity is still ambiguous and mainly invisible to society at large. On a national level, Latinos use the everyday in urban life as an arena of resistance and cultural meaning. Neighborhoods evolve over time based on hybridity, juxtaposition and improvisation; this temporal condition is visible within a 24-hour cycle in Hispanic everyday life, where place is altered across different hours of the day, and along different paths. Utilizing this transitional element of Latino Urbanism and the emphasis on provisional social space existing along lines of difference, the project redefines building typologies to anticipate and support the growing ethnic identity. In New Orleans, the Latino community has specific economic, social and cultural needs, which the city is currently lacking, thus the project seeks to address these absences through the placemaking strategy of layered exchanges and interwoven paths, in which the tectonics of space respond to these paths, and a visual, as well as a physical, exchange occurs between, city and others. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

Notre étude analyse les projets de socle commun (entre 1993 et 2006) et de tronc commun (entre 1944 et 1977) sous l’angle d’une tension entre deux formes antagonistes de démocratisation de l’école : démocratisation de la sélection et démocratisation de la réussite.Nous montrons que le socle commun institutionnel (2005-2006) ne parvient finalement pas à s’extraire du référentiel de démocratisation ségrégative caractéristique du système éducatif français. Cette logique de sélection se retrouve dans la conception d’un tronc commun que l’on repère, par exemple, dans les réformes de 1959 et 1963 ainsi que dans l’évolution du collège unique.À l’opposé, le socle commun proposé par la commission Thélot s’inscrit dans un paradigme de démocratisation de la réussite qui trouve des racines dans une tradition idéologique que nous pouvons observer à travers des projets tels que ceux définis, par exemple, par la commission Langevin-Wallon ou le ministre René Billères. Par-delà leurs différences d’approche, de contexte historique, d’objectifs en termes de réforme, le point commun est à situer dans l’élargissement de la culture commune allié à une redéfinition de la scolarité obligatoire intégrant dans le curriculum ordinaire les élèves dont le niveau est jugé faible. De ce point de vue, l’indispensable pour chacun ne peut être acquis que dans le cadre d’une culture pour tous. / Our study analyzes the projects of common core (between 1993 and 2006) and core curriculum (between 1944 and 1977) from a double perspective: “democratization of selection” and “democratization of success”.On the opposite side from the institutional common core (2005-2006) which failed in getting out of the system of reference which is characteristic of the segregationist democratization of the French education system, the common core put forward by the Thélot committee is in keeping with a paradigm of “democratization of success”, the latter taking roots in a philosophical tradition which can be found in projects such as those defined by the Education minister René Billères (1956-1958) or the Langevin-Wallon committee. Beyond their different approaches, historical contexts or goals, the common point is the widening of a common culture for all, beyond an academic angle, which tend to promote a logic of selection.From the “democratization of success” point of view, the essential for everyone can only be gained within the framework of a “culture for all”.

This paper applies a hermeneutic approach to analyze, and a comparative approach to examine, Bai Juyi’s poems referenced in Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu, Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon, Tongguk Yi Sang-guk Chip by Yi Kyu-bo and Kyewŏn Pilgyŏngjip by Ch’oe Ch’i-wŏn. Through exploring Bai’s poetry in these texts, the author discovers how Murasaki, Sei, Ch’oe, and Yi contributed to transculturuation in Korea and Japan. Furthermore, the transculturation demonstrated by these literati shows a diversity of patterns: cultural mobilization from west to east; the emergence of overlapping histories in different eras and locations; a disappeared culture, recovered through being transmitted to other regions; cultural transplantation or transformation resulting from cultural contacts; and cultural products helped to stimulate economic growth. Subsequently, Bai Juyi’s works stand as a testament to the power of great poetry to improve and enhance cultures across a broad span of time and space.

This paper applies a hermeneutic approach to analyze, and a comparative approach to examine, Bai Juyi’s poems referenced in Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu, Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon, Tongguk Yi Sang-guk Chip by Yi Kyu-bo and Kyewŏn Pilgyŏngjip by Ch’oe Ch’i-wŏn. Through exploring Bai’s poetry in these texts, the author discovers how Murasaki, Sei, Ch’oe, and Yi contributed to transculturuation in Korea and Japan. Furthermore, the transculturation demonstrated by these literati shows a diversity of patterns: cultural mobilization from west to east; the emergence of overlapping histories in different eras and locations; a disappeared culture, recovered through being transmitted to other regions; cultural transplantation or transformation resulting from cultural contacts; and cultural products helped to stimulate economic growth. Subsequently, Bai Juyi’s works stand as a testament to the power of great poetry to improve and enhance cultures across a broad span of time and space.