The goal of the thesis is to fabricate the integrated asymmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometer and Optical waveguide Ring Resonator with simple fabrication process. A 1.49£gm symmetric quantum well InGaAlAs epitaxial wafer is used to fabricate the devices. In the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometer design, we design asymmetric straight waveguides with difference of optical path, and asymmetric bend waveguides with difference of curvature radius. By this design, we can observe the interference variation of output light by difference of optical path. Using these properties, it will get the index change caused by electric field and the loss of bend waveguide. In optical waveguide ring resonator design, we improve the problem of the length of original K=0.15 Multi-Mode Interference (MMI) by stepped-width waveguide. And we obtain different transmission spectrum by adjusting the splitting ratio of MMI couplers (K=0.85, 0.5, and 0.15) and cascading doudle rings. We apply K0=0.5, K1=0.15 and K2=0.5 MMIs to design and fabricate optical filters with square transmission spectrum. In fabrication process, we get smooth sidewall and highly perpendicularity waveguide by multi-step wet etch method. In order to reduce waveguide loss, we make deep etching for the outside of curve waveguide and MMI. Finally, we use polyimide to smooth out the sides of the ridge waveguides and evaporate metal pad over the polyimide.

A tridentate diphenolate phosphine ligand H2[OPO] (bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)phenylphosphine) has been synthesized in high yield. Treatment of H2[OPO] with Ti(OEt)4 in toluene at room temperature produced reddish orange crystalline Ti[OPO]2. The bis-ligand complex Ti[OPO]2 also be obtained from the in situ lithiation of H2[OPO] in THF or toluene followed by addition of TiCl4(THF)2. The reactions of MCl2[N(SiMe3)2]2 (M = Zr, Hf) with H2[OPO] in pentane at room temperature generated cleanly [OPO]2Zr(H2O) and [OPO]2Hf(H2O), respectively, in high yield. Treatment of TiCl4(THF)2 with Ti[OPO]2 in toluene afforded [OPO]TiCl2(THF). The solution and solid-state structures of Ti[OPO]2, [OPO]TiCl2(THF), [OPO]2Zr(H2O) and [OPO]2Hf(H2O) were studied by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. lithiation of H2[OPO] with n-BuLi in DME solution afforded [OPO]Li2(DME)2. The metathetical reactions of H2[OPO] with NaH or KH in DME solutions, respectively, produced the corresponding complexes [OPO]Na2(DME)2 and {[OPO]K2(DME)2}2. Both [OPO]Li2(DME)2 and [OPO]Na2(DME)2 are highly active catalysts for ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone. A series of tetravalent tin complexes [OPO]SnX2 (X = Cl, Me, n-Bu) also be obtained from the in situ lithiation of H2[OPO] in THF followed by addition of SnCl2X2. A divalent tin complexe [OPO]Sn also be obtained by analogous way from the in situ lithiation of H2[OPO] in pentane followed by addition of SnCl2.

In this thesis, we have established an optical measurement system to measure the device characteristics. We focus on the investigation of semiconductor optical amplifier, Fabry-Perot laser, and ring cavity filter. We used InP-based multiple quantum wells epitaxial wafer with modulation doping in the active layer. A 1.41 £gm symmetric InGaAlAs/InP quantum well structure is used to fabricate the optical waveguide ring resonator devices for the optical communication region at 1.55£gm wavelength. For the semiconductor optical amplifier and lasers, we designed two different types: Fabry-Perot Amplifier (FPA), and Traveling Wave Amplifier (TWA). The InGaAlAs-FPA structure has three lasing peaks at 1514 nm, 1528 nm, and 1544 nm. The InGaAlAs-TWA-a structure has only one peak at 1510 nm. The InGaAsP-TWA-b structure has a gross gain = 8.5 dB (wavelength = 1575 nm) at pumping current = 22 mA. We used Hakki-Paoli method and transparency current to calculate gain spectrum. For ring cavity filter, the optical spectrum has a FSR = 41.25 GHz.

A mode locked fiber-ring laser utilizing an optical spot-size converter (OSSC) integrated electroabsorption modulator (EAM) and Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) is demonstrated in this work. By taking advantage of OSSC, the EAMs not only have high-speed performance, but also have high tolerance alignment stability and high power handling capability due to the distributive effect. Thus, by the saturation absorbing and highly nonlinear transmission properties of such EAMs, it can be realized that short optical switching widow operations with high pulse energy excitation driven by EDFA can be used to hybrid mode locked ring laser application. The repetition rate of 10GHz in the mode locked fiber-ring laser is set by a RF synthesizer to driven EAM, creating short time gating widows. EDFA with an optical filter of bandwidth 1.2nm is used for optical gain. By adjusting the operation point in EAM to a bias of 1.72V and a RF-power of Vpp=2.2V, a nearly transform-limited autocorrelated Gauss pulse of 11.72ps (FWHM, the extracted pulsewidth is 8.28 ps) with average power level of 1.2mW is obtained. The time-bandwidth product is 0.478. The optical pulsewidths are mainly limited by the optical filter. Without any feedback circuit, pulse jitter of 993fs measured from a high-speed sampling scope (Agilent 86100A, bandwidth =30GHz) is found from the mode locked pulses, indicating the hybrid mode locked operation can be achieved by the EAM saturation absorbing properties. By measuring the photocurrent of EAM, the highest photocurrent occurs in the conditions of the highest optical transmission and also the shortest optical pulses, suggesting the saturation absorbing of EAM is the main mechanism dominating mode-lock operation. The mode locked operation with repetition rates of 10GHz to 20GHz are also obtained, indicating high-speed operation can be boosted from OSSC integrated EAM to hybrid-type mode locked fiber-ring laser.

In this thesis, we shall study disjointness preserving linear functionals of the Wiener ring. It is clear that Wiener ring is a dense subalgebra of C(T)in the usual supremum norm .However, Wiener ring is also isomorphic to L1(Z). So it has an 1 norm . By studying the structure of ideals of the Wiener ring, we discover that disjointness preserving linear functionals are the same under different norms. Bounded disjointness preserving linear functionals of the Wiener ring is a multiple of the point mass in both cases. Finally, we establish the existence of unbounded disjointness preserving linear functionals of the Wiener ring.

Abstract Single frequency laser has the advantages of high stability in frequency and low noise. Therefore, single frequency laser is now widely used in applications, such as high precision measurement, holography and data storage. Attempts to generate second harmonic radiation using a linear cavity have typically resulted in significant amplitude fluctuations due to longitudinal mode coupling. Various techniques have been proposed for solving the so called ¡§green(blue) problem¡¨ to achieve single longitudinal mode operation, such as inserting optical component in the conventional linear cavity or use ring cavity instead of linear cavity. Uni-directional ring cavity has shown to be the most robust method for producing single frequency laser. The purpose of this study is to develop compact, low-cost and high-efficiency single frequency IR, green and blue lasers. To continue our preview achievement in single frequency IR and green laser systems, shorter wavelength for 946 nm and blue (473 nm) single frequency laser were attempted. In this thesis, we introduced how could only two spherical mirrors to form the laser cavity for traveling wave oscillation and eliminate ¡§spatial hole burning¡¨ caused by the standing wave operation. And we overcome the thermal problem of quasi-three-level laser by multi-wavelength coating on gain medium and input/output couplers, numerical simulation for mode match, and TE-cooling system for laser crystal. Finally, a non-planar figure ¡§8¡¨ 946-nm ring laser were developed using the multi-reentrant ring cavity, and controlled beam path at uni-directional operation. This symmetrical two-mirror figure ¡§8¡¨ ring cavity has the merit of compact, few optical elements, and easy design. The stable single frequency laser output of our ring cavity promises to make the design widely applicable to solid-state lasers.

Linear tuning the frequency of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser using both a Fabry-Perot filter and an electro-optic tunable filter has been experimentally demonstrated. The rate of frequency change is determined by monitoring the fringes produced by laser light transmitted through a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer. The fiber ring laser has been tuned over a 50 nm spectral range when using the Fabry-Perot filter and a tuning rate of 16480 nm/s has been achieved. The spectral width of the laser is 0.049 nm and the nearest sidelobe to the main peak is more than 30 dB below the central lobe. When the electro-optic tunable filter is used, a spectral range of 11 nm is reached. The spectral width is 2.33 nm and is in close agreement with the filter theoretical results. The sidelobe to main peak difference is around 13 dB.

A procedure is introduced for increasing the sensitivity of measurements in integrated ring resonators beyond what has been previously accomplished. This is demonstrated by a high-frequency, phase sensitive lock to the ring resonators. A prototyped fiber Fabry-Perot cavity is used for comparison of the method to a similar cavity. The Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method is used as a proven, ultra-sensitive method with the exploration of a much higher frequency modulation than has been previously discussed to overcome comparatively low finesse of the ring resonator cavities. The high frequency facilitates the use of the same modulation signal to separately probe the phase information of different integrated ring resonators with quality factors of 8.2 x10^5 and 2.4 x10^5. The large free spectral range of small cavities and low finesse provides a challenge to sensing and locking the long-term stability of diode lasers due to small dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratios. These can be accommodated for by a calculated increase in modulation frequency using the PDH approach. Further, cavity design parameters will be shown to have a significant affect on the resolution of the phase-sensing approach. A distributed feedback laser is locked to a ring resonator to demonstrate the present sensitivity which can then be discussed in comparison to other fiber and integrated sensors. The relationship of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and frequency range to the cavity error signal will be explored with an algorithm to optimize this relationship. The free spectral range and the cavity transfer function coefficients provide input parameters to this relationship to determine the optimum S/N and frequency range of the respective cavities used for locking and sensing. The purpose is to show how future contributions to the measurements and experiments of micro-cavities, specifically ring resonators, is well-served by the PDH method with high-frequency modulation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-105). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.