Stereotypical gender roles have probably existed as long as human culture and are such a natural part if our lives that we barely take notice of them. Nevertheless, images of what we perceive as typically masculine and feminine in appearance and behavior depend on the individual’s perception. Within each gender one can find different stereotypes. A commonly assumed idea is that men are hard tough, while women are soft and vulnerable. I find it interesting hoe stereotypes function and how they are preserved almost without our awareness. Once I started reading and researching the topic of stereotypes it became clear to me that literature contains many stereotypes. The intension of this essay is to critically examine the stereotypical gender roles in the play A Streetcar Named Desire, written by Tennessee Williams in 1947. It is remarkable how the author portrays the three main characters: Stanley, Stella and Blanche. The sharp contracts and the dynamics between them are fascinating.

The first chapter consists of an overview of the southern plantation as it survives in cultural imagination, especially in William Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom! and Margaret Mitchell’s Gone With the Wind. The second chapter discusses A Streetcar Named Desire and how Williams reimagines the plantation in an urban setting through the New Orleans Marigny neighborhood. The third chapter examinesWilliams’s reinvention of the rural plantation in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. The conclusion explores how Williams’s work is used as a blueprint in representing the plantation in postsouthern literature and culture.

There are two major, well-known operas based on plays of Tennessee Williams. He refused many times throughout his life to give permission for his play, A Streetcar Named Desire, to be set as an opera. It was not until the 1960s that he granted permission for Lee Hoiby to choose any of his plays as a basis for a new opera. Hoiby chose Summer and Smoke, a play which was written at approximately the same time as Streetcar. Lanford Wilson created the libretto for the opera which was given its premier in 1971 by the St. Paul Opera Association. In 1994 representatives of the Williams estate granted permission to the San Francisco Opera to commission an opera based on A Streetcar Named Desire. With a libretto by Philip Littell, the opera was composed by André Previn and given its premier in 1998. These two plays share common themes, character types, character relationships, and literary symbols due in part to the autobiographical nature of Williams's writings. The plays exhibit a cinematic nature and possess common dramatic elements such as the symbolic use of sets, props, and musical leitmotifs as a result of his attempts to create a new "plastic" style of theatre. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how each composer has captured the essence of Williams's dramatic style in these well known plays while dealing with stylistic elements that by nature could interfere in operatic composition. A brief biography of Williams is included to show the familial basis of his character types. Illustrations of his style serve as the basis for a comparison of the librettos to the plays. The musical analysis focuses on the composers' choices in dealing with Williams's poetic southern language, use of music, cinematic techniques, and complex characterizations.

LD2668 .T4 1966 W752 / Master of Science

Through a comparison of Tennessee Williams’ Blanche in A Streetcar Named Desire and Neil LaBute’s Steph in reasons to be pretty, this thesis explores the ways in which the female position has both changed and remained relatively the same over the course of the last sixty years.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Boston University

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-25T11:56:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Cardoso Silveira.pdf: 1062366 bytes, checksum: c0b06153cd7033e39be20ab8e3fcbbb5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T11:56:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Cardoso Silveira.pdf: 1062366 bytes, checksum: c0b06153cd7033e39be20ab8e3fcbbb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The purpose of this master's dissertation is to compare the English-language original of A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams, with the respective translation in Portuguese, Um bonde chamado Desejo, by Vadim Nikitin, in order to characterize the differences between the two versions based on the lexicographic choices made by these authors. Since the 1950s, the important work of linguistic-based translation scholars has done much to break the boundaries between different disciplines dedicated to it, and to draw their studies from a position of possible confrontation. The research has the support of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (SFL), a theoreticalmethodological proposal of Halliday (1985) and Halliday and Matthiessen (2004). The SFL states that the use of language is functional; that its function is to construct meanings; that meanings are influenced by the social and cultural context in which they are exchanged; and that the process of language in use is a semiotic process, a process of making meaning through choices. Researches show that this theoretical framework can be applied to the field of translation studies from several aspects involved in SFL: the transitivity system, the modality and the evaluation, as well as the notion of thematic structure. Other contributions help to understand the characteristics that mark a translation, such as the notions of linguistic determinism and relativity, as well as the question of linguistic typology. The present study seeks to answer the following questions: (a) what can the comparison of the original in English and the Portuguese translation of A Streetcar Named Desire reveal? (b) what consequences do these differences mean for the interpretation of the original text and its translation? The results show the impossibility of a literal translation, since several linguistic characteristics separate the two languages in terms of the specific typology of both English and Portuguese. This fact obliges the translator to make lexicographic choices, made possible by the target language, which may imply modifications in the interpretation of the drama from one language to another / O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é a comparação entre o original em língua inglesa de A Streetcar Named Desire, de Tennessee Williams, com a respectiva tradução em português, Um bonde chamado Desejo, de Vadim Nikitin, a fim de caracterizar as diferenças entre as duas versões com base nas escolhas lexicogramaticais feitas pelos referidos autores. Desde 1950, o importante trabalho de estudiosos da tradução baseada em linguística tem feito muito para romper as fronteiras entre diferentes disciplinas dedicadas a ela, e tirar seus estudos de uma posição de possível confronto. A pesquisa tem o apoio da Linguística Sistêmico- Funcional (LSF), uma proposta teórico-metodológica de Halliday (1985) e Halliday e Matthiessen (2004). A LSF estabelece que o uso da língua é funcional; que sua função é construir significados; que os significados são influenciados pelo contexto social e cultural em que são intercambiados; e que o processo de uso da língua é um processo semiótico, um processo de fazer significado por meio de escolhas. Pesquisas mostram que esse quadro teórico pode ser aplicável ao campo dos estudos da tradução a partir de vários aspectos envolvidos na LSF: o sistema da transitividade, a modalidade e a avaliatividade, além da noção de estrutura temática. Outras contribuições ajudam a entender as características que marcam uma tradução, tais como as noções de determinismo e relatividade linguísticos, bem como a questão da tipologia linguística. O presente estudo busca responder às seguintes perguntas: (a) o que a comparação do original em inglês e a tradução em português de A Streetcar Named Desire pode revelar? (b) que consequências essas diferenças significam para a interpretação do texto original e de sua tradução? Os resultados mostram a impossibilidade de uma tradução literal, já que várias características linguísticas separam as duas línguas em termos da tipologia específica seja do inglês, seja do português. Esse fato obriga o tradutor a fazer escolhas lexicogramaticais possibilitadas pela língua alvo o que pode implicar modificações na interpretação do drama de uma língua a outra

This essay focuses on making a comparative gender analysis between Eugene O´Neill´s play “Long Day´s Journey into Night” and Tennessee William’s play “A Streetcar Named Desire”. It emphases the portraying of socially constructed gender and how the authors present their characters in relation to emotional response as well as power and acting space.

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