Ao propôr-se a discutir e experimentar o noticiário sul-coreano OhmyNews International, a presente dissertação recorre a princípios da complexidade, à engenharia de software e aos valores do jornalismo tradicional – bem como ao seu histórico – para elaborar um entendimento inicial de jornalismo open source. As diretrizes propostas são aplicadas ao objeto empírico por meio de observação participante, análise descritiva e entrevistas com grupos de pessoas envolvidas em diferentes aspectos do projeto. O foco central desta dissertação é a interação dos diferentes públicos com a notícia em ambiente digital. / To discuss and experiment the South-Korean news project OhmyNews International, this research uses complexity principles, software engineering and traditional journalism values – as well as it historic – to compose an initial agreement about open source journalism. Routes purposed are applied to empiric object through participatory observation, descriptive analysis and interviews to groups involved in deferent ways with project. The main goal of this research is the interaction between different people with news on digital environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:58:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ff_me_guara.pdf: 4729647 bytes, checksum: 7db1bd019b542d769c6c054a27719a6f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Biomodelagem é um termo genérico que designa a habilidade de replicar a morfologia de uma estrutura biológica em um modelo físico. Por ser uma técnica relativamente nova, sua disseminação é limitada pelo alto custo de aquisição de softwares proprietários e hardware de alto desempenho, impedindo sua utilização em hospitais públicos, centros de saúde e consultórios médicos. O objetivo principal desse trabalho é apresentar uma proposta de biomodelagem virtual através do uso de softwares livres instalados em equipamentos convencionais de informática e contribuir de forma efetiva para redução dos custos da técnica. Para atingir o objetivo, foi necessário identificar softwares livres dedicados e CAD que pudessem ser aplicados em conjunto para desenvolvimento de projetos em biomodelagem. Dentre a diversidade de programas disponíveis, observou-se que os softwares Invesalius 3.0 e FreeCAD 0.11 possuíam as características necessárias para aplicação da técnica. Baseado nos conceitos de biomodelagem, três estudos de caso foram abordados para elaboração do diagnóstico e planejamento cirúrgico, auxiliando o médico na tomada de decisões. Os resultados demonstraram que a biomodelagem virtual por meio do uso dos softwares livres Invesalius 3.0 e FreeCAD 0.11, instalados em equipamentos convencionais de informática, é viável para uso na rotina médica em diversas situações de diagnóstico e planejamento cirúrgico. As principais vantagens apresentadas são a redução dos custos em biomodelagem e a possibilidade de disseminação da técnica, permitindo a inclusão de um maior número de pacientes submetidos às tecnologias 3D / Biomodeling is a generic term for the ability to replicate the morphology of biological structure in a physical model. As it is a relatively new technique, its dissemination is limited by the high cost of purchase of proprietary software and high performance hardware, impeding their use in public hospitals, health centers and physician offices. The main objectives of this work are to propose a virtual biomodeling through the use of open source software installed in a conventional computer equipment and to effectively contribute in reducing the technique costs. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, it was necessary to identify dedicated open source software and CAD open source software that could be applied together to develop biomodeling projects. Among the variety of programs available, it was noted that the software InVesalius 3.0 and the FreeCAD 0.11 had the necessary characteristics for the application of the technique. Based on the concepts of biomodeling, three case studies were discussed for making the diagnosis and the surgical planning, assisting the physician in making decisions. The results showed that the virtual biomodeling through the use of the open source software called InVesalius 3.0 and FreeCAD 0.11, installed in conventional computer equipment, is feasible for the routine use in many situations of medical diagnostic and surgical planning. The main advantages are the cost reduction in biomodeling and the possibility of spreading the technique, allowing the inclusion of a greater number of patients subjected to 3D technologies

Ao propôr-se a discutir e experimentar o noticiário sul-coreano OhmyNews International, a presente dissertação recorre a princípios da complexidade, à engenharia de software e aos valores do jornalismo tradicional – bem como ao seu histórico – para elaborar um entendimento inicial de jornalismo open source. As diretrizes propostas são aplicadas ao objeto empírico por meio de observação participante, análise descritiva e entrevistas com grupos de pessoas envolvidas em diferentes aspectos do projeto. O foco central desta dissertação é a interação dos diferentes públicos com a notícia em ambiente digital. / To discuss and experiment the South-Korean news project OhmyNews International, this research uses complexity principles, software engineering and traditional journalism values – as well as it historic – to compose an initial agreement about open source journalism. Routes purposed are applied to empiric object through participatory observation, descriptive analysis and interviews to groups involved in deferent ways with project. The main goal of this research is the interaction between different people with news on digital environment.

The development of open source software has gone from a model characterized by skilled software developers that developed open source software for their own interest and their own needs to a model that is more business friendly and more attractive for companies and organizations. One new business model for open source software is the professional open source software model or OSS 2.0. The business model includes three roles: the open source project, the professional open source company and the user. This dissertation studies the relationship between these three roles and focuses on the development of the user role and how it may develop for a new user in a specific OSS ecosystem. The roles in the eco system that has been studied are taken by the open source project Alfresco, the professional open source company Redpill and a user from a large international company, without any previous experience of open source software or the business model of professional open source. The result of the study showed a well developed eco system between the open source project and the professional open source company but a need of more information about the user’s role in it. Open source software is still seen by the user as an unsafe and unsecure alternative to the proprietary software available and more information about the business model of professional open source software and how the user can interact and influence the eco system is still needed.

M/EEG mechanisms allow determining changes in the brain activity, which is useful in diagnosing brain disorders such as epilepsy. They consist of measuring the electric potential at the scalp and the magnetic field around the head. The measurements are related to the underlying brain activity by a linear model that depends on the lead-field matrix. Localizing the sources, or dipoles, of M/EEG measurements consists of inverting this linear model. However, the non-uniqueness of the solution (due to the fundamental law of physics) and the low number of dipoles make the inverse problem ill-posed. Solving such problem requires some sort of regularization to reduce the search space. The literature abounds of methods and techniques to solve this problem, especially with variational approaches. This thesis develops Bayesian methods to solve ill-posed inverse problems, with application to M/EEG. The main idea underlying this work is to constrain sources to be sparse. This hypothesis is valid in many applications such as certain types of epilepsy. We develop different hierarchical models to account for the sparsity of the sources. Theoretically, enforcing sparsity is equivalent to minimizing a cost function penalized by an l0 pseudo norm of the solution. However, since the l0 regularization leads to NP-hard problems, the l1 approximation is usually preferred. Our first contribution consists of combining the two norms in a Bayesian framework, using a Bernoulli-Laplace prior. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is used to estimate the parameters of the model jointly with the source location and intensity. Comparing the results, in several scenarios, with those obtained with sLoreta and the weighted l1 norm regularization shows interesting performance, at the price of a higher computational complexity. Our Bernoulli-Laplace model solves the source localization problem at one instant of time. However, it is biophysically well-known that the brain activity follows spatiotemporal patterns. Exploiting the temporal dimension is therefore interesting to further constrain the problem. Our second contribution consists of formulating a structured sparsity model to exploit this biophysical phenomenon. Precisely, a multivariate Bernoulli-Laplacian distribution is proposed as an a priori distribution for the dipole locations. A latent variable is introduced to handle the resulting complex posterior and an original Metropolis-Hastings sampling algorithm is developed. The results show that the proposed sampling technique improves significantly the convergence. A comparative analysis of the results is performed between the proposed model, an l21 mixed norm regularization and the Multiple Sparse Priors (MSP) algorithm. Various experiments are conducted with synthetic and real data. Results show that our model has several advantages including a better recovery of the dipole locations. The previous two algorithms consider a fully known leadfield matrix. However, this is seldom the case in practical applications. Instead, this matrix is the result of approximation methods that lead to significant uncertainties. Our third contribution consists of handling the uncertainty of the lead-field matrix. The proposed method consists in expressing this matrix as a function of the skull conductivity using a polynomial matrix interpolation technique. The conductivity is considered as the main source of uncertainty of the lead-field matrix. Our multivariate Bernoulli-Laplacian model is then extended to estimate the skull conductivity jointly with the brain activity. The resulting model is compared to other methods including the techniques of Vallaghé et al and Guttierez et al. Our method provides results of better quality without requiring knowledge of the active dipole positions and is not limited to a single dipole activation.

Two or more parties entering into a contract for service or goods may make use of an escrow of the funds for payment to enable trust in the contract. In such an event the documents or financial instruments, the object(s) in escrow, are held in trust by a trusted third party (escrow provider) until the specified conditions are fulfilled. In the scenario of software escrow, the object of escrow is typically the source code, and the specified release conditions usually address potential scenarios wherein the software provider becomes unable to continue providing services (such as due to bankruptcy or a change in services provided, etc.) The subject of software escrow is not well documented in the academic body of work, with the largest information sources, active commentary and supporting papers provided by commercial software escrow providers, both in South Africa and abroad. This work maps the software escrow topic onto the King III compliance framework in South Africa. This is of value since any users of bespoke developed applications may require extended professional assistance to align with the King III guidelines. The supporting risk assessment model developed in this work will serve as a tool to evaluate and motivate for software escrow agreements. It will also provide an overview of the various escrow agreement types and will transfer the focus to the value proposition that they each hold. Initial research has indicated that current awareness of software escrow in industry is still very low. This was evidenced by the significant number of approached specialists that declined to participate in the survey due to their own admitted inexperience in applying the discipline of software escrow within their companies. Moreover, the participants that contributed to the research indicated that they only required software escrow for medium to highly critical applications. This proved the value of assessing the various risk factors that bespoke software development introduces, as well as the risk mitigation options available, through tools such as escrow, to reduce the actual and residual risk to a manageable level.

Lorsque l'on manipule un signal audio, il est généralement utile d'opérer un isolement du ou des éléments sonores que l'on cherche à traiter. Cette étape est couramment appelée séparation de sources audio. Il existe de nombreuses techniques pour estimer ces sources et plus on prend en compte d'informations à leur sujet plus la séparation a des chances d'être réussie. Une façon d'incorporer des informations sur une source est l'utilisation d'un signal de référence qui va donner une première approximation de cette source. Cette thèse s'attache à explorer les aspects théoriques et appliqués de la séparation de sources audio guidée par signal de référence. La nouvelle approche proposée appelée SPOtted REference based Separation (SPORES) examine le cas particulier où les références sont obtenues automatiquement par détection de motif, c'est-à-dire par une recherche de contenu similaire. Pour qu'une telle approche soit utile, le contenu traité doit comporter une certaine redondance ou bien une large base de données doit être disponible. Heureusement, le contexte actuel nous permet bien souvent d'être dans une des deux situations et ainsi de retrouver ailleurs des motifs similaires. L'objectif premier de ce travail est de fournir un cadre théorique large qui une fois établi facilitera la mise au point efficace d'outils de traitement de contenus audio variés. Le second objectif est l'utilisation spécifique de cette approche au traitement de bandes-son de films avec par exemple comme application leur conversion en format surround 5.1 adapté aux systèmes home cinéma. / In audio signal processing, source separation consists in recovering the different audio sources that compose a given observed audio mixture. They are many techniques to estimate these sources and the more information are taken into account about them the more the separation is likely to be successful. One way to incorporate information on sources is the use of a reference signal which will give a first approximation of this source. This thesis aims to explore the theoretical and applied aspects of reference guided source separation. The proposed approach called SPOtted REference based Separation (SPORES) explore the particular case where the references are obtained automatically by motif spotting, i.e., by a search of similar content. Such an approach is useful for contents with a certain redundancy or if a large database is be available. Fortunately, the current context often puts us in one of these two situations and finding elsewhere similar motifs is possible. The primary objective of this study is to provide a broad theoretical framework that once established will facilitate the efficient development of processing tools for various audio content. The second objective is the specific use of this approach to the processing of movie soundtracks with application in 5.1 upmixing for instance.

The inspiration of the thesis stands on general insufficient condition of the presentation of financial management and state budget for the public sector of the Czech Republic. Thesis deals with the presentation of selected accounting and financial information from the system CSÚIS and using selected open source BI technology for this purpose. The input is a data extract from the central state accounting information system (CSÚIS), which contains accounting records and financial statements of public entities. Logical data model created by using data obtained is followed by the proposed budget options data analysis and accounting at both the state and at a particular entity level. The next phase of work trying to implement the project requirements of open source Business Intelligence technologies (OSBI). The work includes market analysis of OSBI, and chooses the most appropriate tool to build the new presentation of state financial and accounting data.

Le but est de développer d'un cadriciel permettant de définir les transformations de code source que nous jugeons judicieuses et sur la base de métriques dynamiques.Ce cadriciel sera ensuite intégré à la suite d'outil MAQAO, développée à l'UVSQ/ECR.Nous présentons des transformations source-à-source automatique guidées par l'utilisateur ansi que par les métriques dynamiques qui proviennent des différents outils d'analyse de MAQAO, afin de pouvoir travailler à la fois sur des objets sources et binaires.Ce cadriciel peut aussi servir de pré-processeur pour simplifier le développement en permettant d'effectuer certaines transformations simples mais chronophage et sources d'erreurs (i.e.: spécialisation de boucle ou fonction). / Our goal is to develop a framework allowing the definition of source code transformations based on dynamic metrics.This framework be integrated to the MAQAO tool suite developed at the UVSQ / ECR.We present a set of source-to-source transformations guidable by the end user and by the dynamic metrics coming from the various MAQAO tools in order to work at source and binary levels.This framework can also be used as a pre-processor to simplify the development by enabling to perform cleanly and automatically some simple but time-consuming and error-prone transformations (i.e .: loop/function specialization, ...).

In the field of robotics, quadrupedal robotics is a rapidly growing segment. Despite the large number of robotic quadrupeds developed so far, there is currently no platform specifically developed for use in an educational setting. Currently available quadrupeds have several aspects that restrict them to use only in the research labs that developed them, preventing them from being available for use in undergraduate-level classes. This constraint limits the number of people able to gain experience with these highly complex platforms. To enable further development into the field of quadruped robotics, more engineers with in-depth experience with these platforms and the knowledge required to develop and operate them are needed. In this thesis we present the SmallKat platform which strives to fill this space and allow for further development into the fields of dynamic quadruped robotics without the fear of damaging an expensive robot. This thesis proposes a robot designed specifically for the purpose of teaching multiple robotics concepts including kinematics, control, dynamics, trajectory planning, and gait generation. Like many other quadrupedal robots, SmallKat uses 3-DoF legs allowing for coordinated motion in all 3 axes. The size, modularity, cost, and capabilities of the platform are what suit it to teach at a variety of levels. With the integrated sensing and safety features, this platform lends itself to the development of an undergraduate robotics course on quadruped robots, a sample of which is discussed in this thesis. Through the distribution of the SmallKat robot to more schools and universities, the robotics curriculum offered by these universities could be expanded further to offer courses at the undergraduate level in legged robotics.