Les transporteurs ABC sont les membres d'une superfamille de protéines qui utilisent l'hydrolyse de l'ATP pour déplacer une large gamme de substrats au travers des membranes biologiques. Les membres de la sous famille ABCC sont généralement caractérisés par un domaine transmembranaire supplémentaire en région N-terminal (TMD0). Dans cette étude, nous avons analysé deux gènes ABCC de plantes : CrABCC1 de Catharanthus roseus et AtABCC13 son orthologue chez Arabidopsis thaliana. L'analyse phylogénétique répartit les ABCC de plantes dans 3 clades distinctes. Les clades I et II sont spécifiques aux plantes tandis que le clade III est le seul associant des ABCC humains et de plantes. Le criblage de la base de données a permis d'identifier 16 séquences ABCC chez Catharanthus roseus parmi lesquelles 2 appartiennent à CrABCC. / ABC transporters are members of a large superfamily of proteins that utilize ATP hydrolysis to translocate a wide range of substrate across biological membranes. Members of C. subfamily (ABCC) are generally structurally characterized by an additional (N-Terminal) transmembrane domain (TMD0). In this study the analysed two plant ABCC : CrABCC1 from Catharanthus roseus and AtABCC13, it's ortholog in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phylogenetic analysis of plant ABCCs separates their protein sequences over three distinct clusters : I and II are plant specific whereas cluster III is the only gathering humain and plant ABCCs. Screening of plant database allowed us to identify 16 different ABCCs sequences in Catharanthus roseus.

Exocyst is protein complex evolutionary conserved in yeasts, animals and plants, which plays a role in control of cell morphogenesis and polarity. It is a tethering complex whose function is to attach secretory vesicles to specifi c foci on plasma membrane. Complex exocyst is formed by eight subunits. Subunit EXO70 is encoded by 23 paralogue genes in genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutation in paralogue subunit EX070H4 causes defect in trichome maturation. Mutant trichomes have thin, not reinforced cell wall, making them soft and elastic. Transcription of EXO70H4 gene is induced by UV radiation, therefore observations of plants cultivated on UV-B radiation were done. Analysis of mutants cultivated on UV-B radiation revealed hyperaccumulation of vesicules in cytoplasm, which were visible by light microscope. Hyperaccumulation was not observed in control plants cultivated on UV-B radiation, but thickening of cell wall was induced. Th is reaction to UV in trichomes hasn't been described yet. Analysis of cellular localization made with YFP tagged constructs revealed that EXO70H4 localizes into mobile corpuscules associating with Golgi apparatus. It was found with yeast two hybrid system that EXO70H4 interacts with TRS120, subunit of tethering complex TRAPPII which is active in Golgi apparatus....

(anglicky) Alba-family proteins were identified in Archaea and Eucarya and are classified among the oldest and the most conserved nucleic acid-binding proteins. The binding preferences and roles differ among certain evolution clades. In Crenarchaea they represent chromatin-binding proteins, while their role in RNA metabolism is suggested in Euryarchaea and Eukaryotes. ALBA proteins are well characterized in human, where they play a role in the RNAse P/MRP complex and in unicellular parasites, such as Plasmodium and Trypanosoma, where an involvement in the life cycle regulation is confirmed. In plants, their role is not yet well understood. The aim of this thesis is to increase a knowledge about the Alba-family proteins in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Based on a minimal changes to development and reproduction in single mutants and high sequence similarity, a functional redundancy of the proteins was assumed. For better understanding of the ALBA proteins function, three smaller members of the family were edited by the same metod. The obtained triple mutant showed delay in flowering. ALBA dimer formation was confirmed in many organisms. BiFC method was used to determine Arabidopsis ALBA homodimerization. The data analysis showed potential homodimerization in most of them.

No description available.

No description available.

This work is a collection of three research articles and one review article focused on flotillins (FLOTs) and hypersensitive induced reaction proteins (HIRs) in Arabidopsis thaliana. FLOTs and HIRs are closely related membrane-associated proteins forming two subfamilies both belonging to SPFH domain superfamily. While FLOTs are present in organisms of all evolutionary lineages HIRs are plant specific proteins. The review article sums up the knowledge gained on FLOTs and HIRs from different organisms in terms of cellular localization, interaction with cellular membranes and with other proteins, and physiological functions. The research articles were targeted at three aspects of AtFLOTs and AtHIRs: involvement in response to exogenous stimuli; determination of protein interactors; and subcellular localization and dynamics. The first aspect was approached by transcription measurement of AtFLOTs and phenotypic screen of single loss-of-function mutants of AtFLOTs upon various treatments covering biotic and abiotic stress and phytohormone application. Although we observed changes in transcription none of the treatments provoked a phenotype manifestation in any of AtFLOT mutants. In the second article we focused on interactome of AtFLOT2 and performed co- immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry...

Neben dem förderlichen Effekt der Energiegewinnung stellt die Nutzung des Sonnenlichts auch Risiken für Pflanzen dar, insbesondere bei hohen Lichtintensitäten.Um die Balance aus Nutzen und Schaden der Lichtenergie gewährleisten zu können und sich schnell auf sich ändernde Lichtbedingungen einstellen zu können, verfügen Pflanzen über eine Vielzahl von Schutzmechanismen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, mit Hilfe transgener Pflanzen die Rollen der chloroplastidären NADP-abhängigen Malatdehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) und der mitochondrialen Alternativen Oxidase (AOX) im Stoffwechsel von Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. näher zu charakterisieren. Die Analyse von nadp-mdh-knockout (ko)-Mutanten hat dabei auf erstaunliche Art und Weise verdeutlicht, wie flexibel der Metabolismus der Pflanze ist, um die Redoxhomöostase bei hohen Lichtintensitäten aufrecht zu erhalten und oxidative Schäden zu vermeiden. Überraschenderweise wurden bei diesen Mutanten selbst beim Wachstum unter hohen Lichtintensitäten keine Unterschiede zu entsprechenden Wildtyp (WT)-Pflanzen sichtbar. Jedoch konnten im Rahmen dieser Arbeit drei kompensatorische Stoffwechselwege aufgedeckt werden, welche die nadpmdh-ko-Pflanzen unter Starklichtbedingungen vor Photoinhibition schützen. So können die Mutanten durch eine erhöhte Aktivität des NTRC-Systems, höhere Photorespirationsraten und die Akkumulation von Prolin im Starklicht für den Erhalt der Redoxhomöostase sorgen und den Verlust der NADP-MDH ausgleichen. Zusätzlich wurden Untersuchungen zur Regulation der NADP-MDH-Expression durchgeführt. Die dazu durchgeführten Analysen der Promotorregion des NADP-MDH-Gens (At5g58330) bestätigten die Hypothese, dass regulatorische Elemente, die das komplexe Expressionsmuster der NADP-MDH in A. thaliana kontrollieren, im Laufe der Evolution in die kodierende Region des Gens verlagert wurden. In einem weiteren Ansatz wurden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit aox1a-ko-Mutanten untersucht. Eine Inhibition des Cytochrom-Wegs unter Verwendung von Antimycin A (AA), welches in WT-Pflanzen die Expression von AOX1A induziert, führte zu erheblichen Differenzen zwischen aox1a-ko-Mutanten und WT-Pflanzen. Zusammenfassend geben die Befunde eindeutige Hinweise darauf, dass die AOX1A-Isoform in A. thaliana insbesondere unter Stressbedingungen eine entscheidende Aufgabe bei der „Entsorgung“ überschüssiger Reduktionsäquivalente aus den Chloroplasten übernimmt. Auf diese Weise kommt der AOX1A-Isoform eine besondere Bedeutung bei der Optimierung der Photosyntheserate bzw. dem Schutz der photosynthetischen Elektronentransportkette vor Überreduktion zu. Des Weiteren wurde herausgefunden, dass das Fehlen des AOX1A-Isoenzyms nach AA-Behandlung in A. thaliana zu einer erhöhten Expression der AOX1D-Isoform führt.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18496号 / 理博第4011号 / 新制||理||1578(附属図書館) / 31382 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 西村 いくこ, 教授 鹿内 利治, 教授 長谷 あきら / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Signal transduction pathways play a critical role in plant growth and reproduction by perceiving extracellular signals, leading to a cellular response. FERONIA (FER) is a transmembrane receptor kinase found on the plasma membrane in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and plays critical roles in growth, development, and fertilization. FER works upstream of master molecular switch RAC/ROP GTPase to regulate signaling into the cytoplasm. LORELEI-Like Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-Anchored Protein 1(LLG1) is a GPI-anchored protein and co-receptor of FER on the plasma membrane. LLG1 is responsible for chaperoning FER from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to its functional location on the plasma membrane. Rapid Alkalinization Factor 1 (RALF1) is a small, secreted growth-regulatory peptide that interacts with FER, regulating signaling activity. This interaction, among other, regulates the activity of a downstream plasma membrane proton ATPase (AHA2) which impacts cell growth. Additionally, published pulldown data indicates LLG1, FER, and RALF1 complex together. My data suggests that LLG1, in addition to localizing and chaperoning FER, binds directly to RALF1. My results show that this RALF1-LLG1 interaction is required for proper RALF1 mediated signaling through FER. Data also indicates that FER and LLG1 regulate RALF1 location on the plasma membrane. Additionally, RALF1 binds the MALA domain of FER. Another aspect of my thesis focuses on LURE1. LURE1 is a secreted cysteine-rich, defensin like protein which guides incoming pollen tubes to the ovule in a process called pollen tube guidance. LURE1 guides pollen tubes by binding with pollen-specific receptor kinase 6 (PRK6), located on the plasma membrane of the incoming pollen tubes, to facilitate proper fertilization. My data also shows that the ovule derived signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO), also regulated by FER, negatively impacts the property of LURE1, causing it to fall out of solution and aggregate. Furthermore, the negative impact of NO on LURE1 disrupts the binding affinity of LURE1 to PRK6. Together with data from my lab showing pollen tube arrival at the ovule triggers NO production in a FER dependent manner, my findings provide a biochemical explanation for why pollen tubes do not target fertilized ovules.

To survive, an organism must constantly adjust its internal state to changes in the environment from which it receives signals. The signals set off a chain of events referred to signal transduction. Signal transduction systems are especially important in multicellular organisms, such as plants and animals, because of the need to coordinate the activities of hundreds to trillions of cells. Plants, in particular, have a special need for perceiving signals from their environment because of their static nature. As in the animal cell, the first steps in perception of a signal include signal interaction with a receptor, signal amplification through second messenger production, and signal termination through second messenger hydrolysis. Myo-inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTases) (EC 3.1.3.56) have unique signal terminating abilities toward the second messenger inositol trisphosphate (Ins (1,4,5)P3, InsP3). In Arabidopsis thaliana there are 15 members of the 5PTase family, the majority of which contain a single 5PTase catalytic domain. Four members of the Arabidopsis 5PTase family, however, have a unique protein domain structure, with additional N-terminal WD40 repeats that are implicated in protein-protein interactions. The research presented here focused on the identification of 5PTase interacting proteins and the characterization of their functional role in Arabidopsis. To accomplish this goal, I examined a 5PTase13-interacting protein, the sucrose (Suc) nonfermenting-1-related kinase, SnRK1.1, an important energy sensor that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. My identification of a 5PTase13:SnRK1.1 complex points to the novel interaction of this metabolic modulator and inositol signaling/metabolism. 5PTase13 , however, plays a regulatory role in other plant specific processes as well, since I also identified the Arabidopsis homolog (Atp80) of the human WDR48 (HsWDR48, Hsp80) as a novel protein interactor of 5PTase13. My results indicate that Atp80 is important for leaf emergence, development and senescence likely via a regulatory interaction with 5PTase13 and PINOID â binding protein (PBP1). / Ph. D.