ABSTRAKT Linnéuniversitetet Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap Pedagogik med inriktning mot ungdoms - och missbruksvård, examensarbete. Titel                                   En kvalititav studie om personalens upplevelser och deras syn på 12-stegsbehandling och dess andliga inslag. Engelsk titel                     Spirituality in recovery from alcoholism – A study of how staff in twelvestep treatment values the spirtual parts of the program. Författare                  Gustav Alnervik, Karin Bernhardson Handledare                Katarina Magnusson Datum                        Mars 2012 Antal sidor                 37 Nyckelord                  12-stegsbehandling, anonyma alkoholister, andlighet   Syftet med den här studien var att belysa ämnet andlighet som del i behandling av missbruk. Vi har inspirerats av en fenomenologisk ansats och intervjuat fyra personer som arbetar inom tolvstegsbehandling. Som intervjuform valde vi semistrukturerade intervjuer. Tidigare forskning visar att andlighet kan fylla en viktig funktion för att personer med missbruksproblem ska vara avhållssamma, men forskningen är oense om det är det andliga inslaget eller gemenskapen och det sociala stödet i AA som leder till ökad nykterhet bland dess deltagare. Forskningen menar att det verkar finnas vissa samband mellan religion och depression. Resultatet tyder på att andlighet är viktigt för den personliga utvecklingen, men också att gruppen är viktig, att man kan lita på varandra och där bli mer öppen och hitta sin andlighet. Studien är liten och resultatet är svårt att generalisera, respondenterna har dock varit samstämmiga i att andlighet är viktigt för den personliga utvecklingen.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

A liga de alumínio AA 5182 é utilizada para a fabricação de tampas de latas de bebidas, além de aplicada também no setor automotivo. Essa liga tem elevada resistência mecânica devido à presença de Mg. O presente trabalho visa estudar os efeitos da anisotropia desta liga laminada a frio e submetida a diferentes tipos de tratamento de estabilização e pintura. Nesse estudo, foram comparadas amostras com teores de magnésio e cobre variando dentro da faixa dessa liga nas condições: laminada a frio, pintada e tratada termicamente a 150 °C / 1 hora, 165 °C / 1 hora e a 180 °C / 1 hora. Foram analisadas e comparadas a microestrutura, tamanho médio de grão, dureza e propriedades mecânicas nas condições citadas. Observou-se que não há alteração nas partículas de segunda fase em nenhuma das condições testadas. As propriedades mecânicas do material pintado são semelhantes às do material tratado termicamente a 150 °C / 1 hora. Para todas as condições testadas, as propriedades mecânicas reduzem em 3 a 6% a 45° do sentido de laminação e as propriedades dos materiais tratados termicamente ou pintado são reduzidas em 4 a 10% quando comparadas às amostras na condição laminado a frio. Para as duas amostras, observou-se que os efeitos da anisotropia são reduzidas com o aumento da temperatura de tratamento. / The aluminum alloy AA 5182 is used for the production of lids for beverage cans, besides this it is also applied at the auto market. This alloy has an enhanced resistance due to Mg presence. This work aim to evaluate the effect on the anisotropy of this alloy cold rolled submitted to different heat treatments and coated. At this study it was compared samples with different Mg and Cu content varying within the specification of the alloy at the following conditions: cold rolled, coated, and heat treated at 150 °C / 1 hour, 165 °C / 1 hour; 180 °C / 1 hour. It was analyzed and compared the microstructure, average grain size, hardness and mechanical properties on the conditions mentioned. It was not observed any differences at the second phase particles at this conditions. The mechanical properties of the painted material are similar to the heat treated at 150 °C / 1 hour. For all the conditions tested, the mechanical properties decrease around 3 - 6% at 45° of the rolling direction and the mechanical properties of the heat treated or painted material decrease around 4 - 10% compared to the cold rolled. For both samples it was observed that the anisotropy reduces with the increase of the temperature of the heat treatment.

La presente investigación se desarrolló en la zona de recreación pasiva del distrito urbano El Tambo, provincia de Huancayo departamento de Junín. Está orientada a una investigación de tipo descriptiva, con el objetivo general de describir las analogías arquitectónicas. Previamente se define los parámetros que determinan de que se trata las analogías arquitectónicas, dentro de la zona de recreación pasiva conocidos como parques. El estudio analiza tres parques considerados como zonas de recreación pasiva, según el PDU de Huancayo 2006-2011, luego de identificar las analogías arquitectónicas se les evalúa a través de instrumentos como: encuesta, entrevista y observación directa que permite identificar y describir las características de tales elementos. Se trabajó conceptos fundamentales, características, comparaciones y proporciones en el análisis con el fin de conocer los tipos de analogías presentes en las analogías arquitectónicas (Aas).

This Ph.D. thesis is focused on tensile forces measurement process of modern tillage machines for bigger working width. There is a limited amount of measuring devices for tensile forces higher than 100 kN.To eliminate tensile rod disadvantages (need of use of two tractors is complicated for measuring operation during the headlands turns) the new measuring frame was developed to measure the tensile forces. To characterize the physical attributes of the soil, before the new developed measurement, the samples of unbroken soil where taken (Kopecky cylinders. The penetration resistance of soil was measured in a horizontal and vertical profile by use of penetrometer.The measuring made on specific lands proven the new developed measuring device to be able to measure the tensile force up to 200 kN and more. The practical use of the measuring device was comparable to the measuring by a tensile rod during the measuring process.The considerable influence of the soil moisture was proven by the penetration measurements of the soil. The vertical and horizontal penetrometer measurements showed a similarity of the measuring method. The horizontal penetrometer might be a useful measuring method for a quick analysis of soil physical character considering accurate soil moisture measuring. Accurate instant soil moisture measuring and precise measurement of chisel plough working depth is a current theme for a future research.

In recent times, application of aluminum alloys is favored in the transportation sectors such as the aerospace and automobile industries where reduced fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission are major priorities. In these applications, these alloys can be exposed to dynamic shock loading conditions as in the case of car crash and birds’ collision during aircraft’s take-off or landing. This study therefore focused on the deformation and damage mechanisms in AA 2017, AA 2024 and AA 2624 aluminum alloys under both quasi-static and dynamic impact loading conditions. Cylindrical specimens of the selected aluminum alloys were investigated under both quasi-static loading at 3.2 x10-3 s-1 using an Instron R5500 mechanical testing machine and dynamic impact loading using the split Hopkinson pressure bar at strain rates ranging between 2000 and 8000 s-1. The effects of strain rate and temper condition on the microstructural evolution in the alloys during mechanical loading were studied. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was used to investigate the texture of the naturally-aged AA 2017 and AA 2624 alloys before and after dynamic shock loading. The contributions of the major alloying elements such as copper, magnesium and silicon to the microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of the alloys under the dynamic shock loading condition were also studied using the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) technique. Results showed that the morphology and atomic distribution of particles in the investigated alloys are functions of the temper condition. The hardness of all the three alloys was higher in the age-hardened conditions than the annealed ones. Although deformation of the alloy under quasi-static compressive loading was dominated by strain hardening, flow softening leading to strain localization and formation of shear bands occurred once certain critical strain values were reached. Under both quasi-static and dynamic loading, the alloys with low Cu:Mg ratio (AA 2024 and AA 2624) showed higher mechanical strength in age-hardened condition than that with high Cu:Mg ratio (AA 2017). All the alloys in the annealed condition exhibited an enhanced plasticity and formability. Intense strain localization leading to formation of adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) was the principal contributor to failure in the alloys under dynamic impact loading. Both deformed and transformed bands were observed, with cracking occurring mainly along the transformed shear bands. The tendency for formation of adiabatic shear bands is observed to be a function of the alloy composition, temper condition, strain, strain rate and strain hardening rate. In the natural aging condition, AA 2024 showed the highest susceptibility to formation of ASBs followed by AA 2624 and AA 2017 in that order. On the other hand, AA 2024 has the least susceptibility in the artificially-aged condition. Occurrence of bifurcation of transformed bands in dynamic impacted specimens is dependent on temper condition, strain and strain rate. The mechanism of fracture of the precipitation hardened samples is typical of ductile fracture occurring sequentially by nucleation, growth, and coalescence of micro-voids processes within transformed band. Elongated grains were observed to arrest propagating shear band depending on the angle the band makes with elongated grains. The higher the angle of inclination of a shear band to the grain on its path, the higher the tendency of the grain to stop its propagation. Texture analysis of the impacted specimens of AA 2017-T451 and AA 2624-T351 shows that the former has a higher tendency for the evolution of ultra-fine DRX grains within the transformed shear band. High strain rate led to the development of CD//<111> orientations at the expense of CD//<110> orientations. Schmid factor calculations performed on few different orientations in the starting microstructure shows that CD//<110> is less susceptible to slip deformation and consequently underwent rotation to CD//<111>.

Diss. Linköping : Univ., 2001.

This study focuses on the development of architectural education at the University of Oregon's School of Architecture and Allied Arts (A&AA) in Eugene, Oregon. Applying a historic preservation perspective, this study examines how architectural perceptions are manifested through institutional changes in architectural education. Beginning with a focus on the A&AA under the administration of Dean Ellis F. Lawrence and Professor W. R. B. Willcox, this study transitions into an exploration of Dean Sidney W. Little's decidedly modernist alteration of the curriculum and building in the mid-twentieth century. During this period, the A&AA underwent a major shift from a curriculum and building based on the principles of the Arts and Crafts movement to a radically different approach that fully embraced the philosophy of modernism and actively rejected any allegiance to past architectural forms.

The effect of microstructure on corrosion resistance and anodising behaviour of a 3rd generation lithium-containing aluminium alloy, AA 2099-T8, has been studied. Microstructural characterisation of the alloy has shown elongated grains with high angle grain boundaries and approximately equiaxed subgrains with low angle grain boundaries. Two types of constituent particles of high and reduced contents of copper were found, which are present individually or in the form of multiphase particles. The alloy also contains rod-like Al-Cu-Mn-Li and spherical (Al3Zr) dispersoids, and fine age hardening precipitates of T1 (Al2CuLi), (Al3Li) and (Al2Cu).Immersion testing in a chloride-containing solution revealed two types of localised corrosion sites: one was initiated from intermetallics and quickly became passivated; the other lasted for the course of testing, with extensive boundary attack. The latter has been correlated to grains and subgrains with relatively high stored energy.Alkaline etching removed intermetallics from alloy surface; generated a copper-enriched layer in the alloy matrix immediately beneath the residual alumina film; and gradually developed a surface nanotexture. The surface nanotexture has been correlated to the formation of copper-rich nanoparticles within the copper-enriched layer.Anodising the alloy in tartaric-sulphuric acid disclosed that copper in the alloy matrix could be occluded in the anodic film material as copper-rich nanoparticles or be oxidized and incorporated into the film material as copper ions, depending on the anodising voltage. In the latter case, the process was accompanied by oxygen gas generation within the film material, forming anodic films with lateral porosity. Intermetallics of different compositions behaved differently during anodising, leading to modification of the morphology and composition of anodic films. Concerning the effect of alkaline etching on anodising behaviour of the alloy, the removal of intermetallics increased anodising efficiency; the pre-developed copper-enriched layer advanced the establishment of the steady-state film/alloy interface. Variation of copper-enriched layer structure is revealed by the detection of copper-rich nanoparticles in the copper-enriched layer. The copper-rich nanoparticles have structures consistent with either θ", θ' or θ phases. Machining damage can be detected not only by chromic acid anodising (CAA) but also by tartaric-sulphuric acid anodising (TSAA). Neither CAA nor TSAA can be used for detecting shallow corrosion pits.

Mulheres com risco de falência ovariana prematura, assim como aquelas diagnosticadas com câncer que desejam preservar sua fertilidade, têm como opção a criopreservação do tecido ovariano. Esse tecido seria destinado, dependendo do caso, ao reimplante posterior ou para o cultivo in vitro de folículos ovarianos isolados do tecido criopreservado. Nesse contexto, os folículos primordiais são uma população importante tanto por serem mais resistentes ao processo de criopreservação, como por representarem cerca de 90% da população total folicular. Porém o uso destes folículos para procedimentos de Reprodução Assistida ainda é bastante limitado, pois os mecanismos responsáveis pelo seu processo de ativação ainda não são completamente conhecidos. A via de sinalização fosfatidilinositol 3- quinase (PI3K) foi recentemente identificada como determinante para o controle da ativação dos folículos primordiais. Portanto o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e localizar os fatores componentes da via: supressores (FOXO3a e PTEN) e ativadores (Akt e Phospho-Akt). O que ofereceria uma valiosa ferramenta para elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos na ativação do pool de reserva folicular e permitiria o desenvolvimento de sistemas de cultivo folicular que atuassem diretamente nestes mecanismos. Sendo assim, foi realizado um estudo transversal com amostras de tecido ovariano humano, que foram submetidas à reação imunohistoquímica dos fatores previamente citados. Foram incluídas na casuística 40 pacientes, com idade média de 27,7 anos ± 7,26. Foi realizada uma análise comparativa da expressão dessas proteínas entre os folículos primordiais e primários. Foi encontrada diferença significativa para a proteína Akt, (p<0,05) em que os folículos primordiais (oócito e células da granulosa) manifestaram mais expressão da proteína Akt em comparação aos folículos primários. Também foi encontrada diferença significativa para a proteína phospho-Akt, porém apenas nas células da granulosa, em que houve maior expressão em folículos primordiais comparados aos primários. Enquanto ambos os estágios tiveram marcação negativa para o PTEN e FOXO3a na maioria dos folículos analisados. Sendo assim, neste estudo não foi possível identificar dentre as proteínas escolhidas uma que tivesse expressão claramente característica de uma ou de outra fase folicular, não sendo possível inferir que a atividade de qualquer uma das proteínas fosse estritamente ligada à ativação dos folículo primordiais. / Women at risk of premature ovarian failure, as well as those diagnosed with cancer who wish to preserve their fertility, have, as option, the ovarian tissue cryopreservation. This tissue would be destined, depending on the case, to posterior reimplantation, or for the in vitro culture of ovarian follicles isolated from the cryopreserved tissue. In this context, primordial follicles are an important population of cells. As they are more resistant to the cryopreservation process and they represent about 90% of the whole follicular population. However, the use of these follicles for Assisted Reproduction procedures is still quite limited, since the mechanisms responsible for its activation process are not fully understood. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has recently been identified as determinant for the control of primordial follicle activation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and localize the components of this pathway: suppressors (FOXO3a and PTEN) and activators (Akt and phospho-Akt). This would offer a valuable tool to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the activation of the follicular reserve pool and would allow the development of in vitro culture protocols that would act directly in these mechanisms. Thus, a cross-sectional study with samples of human ovarian tissue was performed. These samples were submitted to the immunohistochemical reaction of the previously mentioned factors. Forty patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 27.7 ± 7.26. A comparative analysis of the expression of these proteins was performed between primordial and primary follicles. A significant difference was found for the Akt protein (p<0.05) in which the primordial follicles (oocyte and granulosa cells) showed more Akt expression than primary follicles. Another significant difference was found for the phosphor-Akt protein, but only for the granulosa cells, where there was a greater expression in primordial follicles compared to the primary ones. While both stages were negatively stained for PTEN and FOXO3a in most of the follicles analyzed. Thus, in this study it was not possible to identify among the selected proteins one that had clearly characteristic expression of one or the other follicular phase, and it was not possible to infer that the activity of any of the proteins was strictly linked to the activation of the primordial follicles.