Animal by-products (ABPs) can be a source for infectious diseases like BSE (mad cow disease) and to prevent spreading infectious diseases inspection of ABPs are necessary. The purpose of this study was to identify the problems that municipalities in Sweden experience with the inspection of ABPs and develop some solutions for these problems. The purpose was also to investigate whether amount and type of problems experienced by municipalities are depending on population size. The study was carried out in collaboration with Piteå municipality, with the aim to support municipalities and other central authorities in their work with inspection of ABPs. Data were collected through a survey that was sent to all municipalities in Sweden and approximately 60% of the municipalities participated in this study. Lack of knowledge, lack of time due to high workload and lack of support from central authorities were some of the most common problems that municipalities experienced. As a consequence, inspections get down prioritized or are not carried out at all. The study shows that there is a significant difference in the amount of problems that municipalities experience depending on the population. Large municipalities experience more problems than small and medium sized municipalities. The study also shows how municipalities can identify companies that manage ABPs. This study highlights that municipalities urgent need effective guidelines and support from central authorities, otherwise the control of ABPs is neglected, which - in worst case scenario - can lead to outbreaks of infectious diseases.