Despite the variety of literature on ‘adaptation to technology’, the literature still witnesses a gap concerning the concept of adaptation especially about its multi-level nature. Recognizing the multilevel nature of IS adaptation, we rise the challenge of conducting an alternate template analysis of three cases of adaptation to IS in order to provide complementary explanations about the phenomenon. In order to expand the comprehension of the ‘adaptation’ concept, a multi-study dissertation model is adopted. The objective is to examine the adaptation concept on three different levels: the individual, the group level, and the organizational level. This thesis aims at 1) exploring the shaping of individual adaptive actions that knowledge workers engage towards technostress with a focus on the factors that influence their adaptation process; 2) examining the adaptive performance of a group facing an newlyimplemented technology based on the adaptive structuration theory (DeSanctis and Poole 1994) under which were puzzled the concepts of affordances (Leonardi 2011, Leonardi, Huysman et al. 2013) and the structure of usage (Burton-Jones and Straub Jr 2006, Burton-Jones and Gallivan 2007); 3) examining, through an organizational learning lens (Argyris and Schon 1978), the case of an organizational adaptation to environmental technological changes examined within a managerial cognition conceptual framework (Orlikowski and Gash 1994); (Bijker 1987, Bijker 1995). To answer the different research questions, the three studies adopt a qualitative approach falling within a critical realist perspective.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This interdisciplinary, archetypal study considers the numerous adaptation processes and techniques involved in the transposition of the fairy tale from one medium to another, exploring post-2000 adult adaptations and appropriations of ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ across a variety of high-art and popular media, such as advertising, video gaming, and fine art, with a focus on literature and film. As well as examining explicit re-tellings of the tale such as Catherine Hardwicke’s 'Red Riding Hood' (2011), more implicit and intertextual references are discussed, with the intention of acknowledging the pervasive, and at times, unconscious nature of the adaptation process. This can be seen in films like 'The Village' (2004), 'Hard Candy' (2005) and the television series 'Merlin' (2008 - ). As a means of analysing the material I adopt a feminist-Jungian theoretical model which enables the consideration of the mythological and ideological concepts inherent to the works. Specifically, this establishes how Red Riding Hood can be understood as a shifting archetype when compared to her fairy tale sisters such as Snow White, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty et al, thus allowing for so many diverse portrayals of her character: as the child, the innocent victim, the femme-fatale, and the monstrous feminine. The rationale behind the thesis is threefold; firstly, ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ is typically understood as a cautionary tale, rather than a female quest narrative, therefore, I will explore how the tale is often used as a vehicle for post/feminist issues and/or gender anxieties, providing a commentary on the construction and perception of girls’ and women’s roles in contemporary Western society. Secondly, the work creates a space for the acknowledgement and discussion of unconscious appropriation which has so far remained on the margins of adaptation studies. And thirdly, to establish fairy tales, using ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ as an example, as the ultimate intertext(s), demonstrating how characters, themes and plots are continually (re)appropriated.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

En plus de l'utilisation des appareils ubiquitaires qui continue à croître, nous avons accès à d'informations dites contextuelles. Ces informations permettent de connaître l'état de notre environnement et nous aident à prendre les décisions de notre vie quotidienne en fonction du contexte dans lequel nous nous positionnons. La nature statique des processus métiers ne leur permet pas d'être modifiés dynamiquement, les rendant ainsi moins utiles dans un nouveau contexte. Si nous voulons changer le comportement d'un processus métier, nous devons le stopper, le modifier et le redéployer entièrement. Pour répondre à ces problèmes, nous proposons une approche qui permet de représenter des processus métiers sensibles au contexte où les informations de contexte sont considérées comme des événements contrôlés en temps réel. Avec Ceviche, nous intégrons les informations obtenues à partir du contexte avec la capacité d'adaptation des processus métiers en cours d'exécution. De plus, l'une des originalités du cadre logiciel Ceviche vient de la définition d'une opération de désadaptation et de sa mise en oeuvre, car défaire l'adaptation peut facilement se passer mal et conduire à des états non désirés. En outre, avec Ceviche, nous apportons une propriété de stabilité au niveau du traitement des événements complexes. En définissant notre propre langage, Adaptive Business Process Language (ABPL), comme un langage pivot, Ceviche facilite l'utilisation de CEP sans les inconvénients de l'adoption anticipée de l'approche. Nous utilisons une technique de type plug-in qui permet aux événements définis en ABPL d'être utilisés dans pratiquement n'importe quel moteur CEP. / As the use of ubiquitous devices continues to grow, we have more access to pervasive information around us. This information allows us to know the state of our surroundings, and we make decisions of our everyday life based on that context information. The static nature of business processes does not allow them to be dynamically modified, thus leaving them less useful in the new context. If we want to change the behavior of a business process, we need to stop it, modify it and redeploy it entirely.To address these issues, in this thesis we present the Ceviche Framework. We bring forward an approach which allows to represent context-aware business processes where context information is considered as events which are monitored in real-time. With Ceviche we integrate the information obtained from the context with the capability of adapting business process at run-time. Also, one of the original contributions of the Ceviche Framework is the definition of a correct adaptation undoing mechanism and its implementation, as undoing an adaptation can easily go wrong and lead to undesired states and unstable processes.The implementation of the Ceviche Framework offers flexibility and dynamicity properties to the business processes, using a component-based approach, allowing the modification of their bindings at run-time. Moreover, with Ceviche we also provide a stability property in terms of CEP. By defining our own simple language, the Adaptive Business Process Language (ABPL), as a pivot language, Ceviche facilitates the use of CEP without the drawbacks of early adoption. We use a plug-in approach that allows the events defined in ABPL to be used in virtually any CEP engine.

The ability to respond to stress is universal in all domains of life. Failure to properly execute the stress response compromises the fitness of the organism. Several key stress pathways are conserved from unicellular organisms to higher eukaryotes, so knowledge of how these pathways operate in model organisms is crucial for understanding stress-related diseases and aging in humans. The mechanisms of stress tolerance have been well-studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast respond to diverse stresses by initiating both general and stress-specific responses that generally protect the cells during and after the stress exposure. While previous work has revealed mechanistic insights on adaptation and survival under mild and long-term exposure to stress, how they cope with acute exposure to lethal stress is not well understood. Here, we combined transcriptional profiling, fitness profiling, and laboratory evolution to investigate how S. cerevisiae survive acute exposure to lethal ethanol stress. By using high throughput methods such as RNA-seq and barcode sequencing of the pooled yeast deletion library, we were able to discover and characterize both existing and novel pathways that yeast utilize to adapt to and survive ethanol stress. We found both ethanol-specific and as well general stress response mechanisms. We were also able to evolve a strain of ethanol under lethal ethanol stress to exhibit a survival of at least an order of magnitude greater than the parental wild-type strain. Additionally, this evolved strain exhibited cross protection to other stresses without compromising bulk growth rate. We found that this strain adapted its global expression levels to a post-stress state, making it more robust to various stresses even under optimal growth conditions.