Thesis (PH. D) Johns Hopkins university. / Biographical note. Reprinted from Journal of experimental zoology, vol. VI, no. 4 Bibliographical foot notes.

Thesis (PH. D.)--University of Chicago, 1913. / "Published also as no. 68 of the Monographs of the Psychological review."

Thesis--Chicago. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Diss.--Bochum, 2003. / Bibliogr. p. 181-199.

Global climate change has become the imminent issue of our time. Recent literature has stressed the pressing need for adaptation planning, particularly for communities that are most vulnerable to new climatic variations, such as resource dependent and coastal communities. Yet, such cries for adaptation have often glossed over the need for prior examination into the underlying cultural mindsets of such communities. In response, this thesis has sought to examine the various factors that are influencing local understandings of global climate change by leaders in two British Columbia coastal communities, Port Alberni and the Tseshaht First Nation. Guided by a social (or ecological) constructionist lens and a phenomenological methodological approach, a series of in-depth interviews were conducted with the leadership, both formal and informal, of the two aforementioned B.C. communities during the summer of 2006. Although each community yielded distinct findings, the interviews captured richly nuanced descriptions of local environmental changes, which in turn played a sizeable role in shaping how the leaders conceptualized climate change. A plethora of place-specific historical, experiential and values-based factors interacted and moulded the many contextual culturalmodels (from tsunamis, to recycling, to colonial pasts to reverence for nature), which were imbedded within leaders' discussions of climate change. Following this core analysis, I explored the community capacity to manage and adapt to future changes by examining local strengths and challenges. The concluding chapter provided a reflection of the results and pointed to new directions. / Arts, Faculty of / Sociology, Department of / Graduate

The northwestern muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus spatulatus) is nowhere more abundant than in the delta of the Mackenzie River in northern Canada. An investigation was undertaken to assess the adjustments resident animals have made in order to inhabit a region more than one hundred miles inside the Arctic Circle. The rigours of the physical environment demand that these animals live in burrows rather than in lodges of vegetation, as in more southern areas. During summer the breeding pairs may occupy shallow temporary habitat which is not suitable for tenure during winter. These summer sites must be vacated before ice seals the lakes and prevents escape from a rapidly deteriorating environment. That all muskrats do not desert this temporary summer habitat was indicated by the fact that only half as many marked animals from such sites were encountered subsequently. It may be assumed that a depressed survival was the rule in such locations. Only deeper lakes with adequate submerged food plants constituted satisfactory wintering environment. Normal movement of muskrats in the Mackenzie delta is an average distance of about 300 yards in summer and 100 yards in winter. Winter activity is supported by an extensive system of feeding stations or "push-ups" constructed on the lake ice. These structures are a necessary part of the dally life of the individual muskrat because the dispersed nature of the food plants demands a relatively great radius of activity. The number of muskrats using each push-up varies from three to thirteen with an average of six. The relatively short period of open water in this latitude so shortens the breeding season that primiparous females probably produce only one litter of young their first year of life. However, they can, by maturing sexually at an earlier date their second year, produce two litters. Inasmuch as the late winter population is comprised of four yearlings to each adult female, the delay in breeding induced by the late removal of ice on the lakes and channels is significant In reducing the rate of population Increase. The restrictive effects of climate on breeding activity are compensated for by the birth of larger litters (8.3 young) and by a very satisfactory survival of these young to yearling status. Intolerance between adults is noted during the early part of the breeding season but does not persist during the rearing of the young. As a consequence there are few losses from depredations of adults upon young animals as has been reported in other areas. Densities of animals per unit area are low when compared with races of muskrats from other regions. In addition the size of the individual animal is small, and the majority do not survive long past their second year of life. These observations support the view that the Mackenzie delta provides marginal habitat for muskrats. It is suggested that physical factors induced by the severity of the climate represent the major influence limiting population growth. The fur industry is another significant drain on animal numbers but other factors appear to be less important. All mortality factors taken together, however, have suppressed or eliminated any tendency for muskrat numbers to fluctuate in a cyclic manner as has been reported by several authors for other parts of North America. Reference is made throughout the text to races of muskrats inhabiting more southern latitudes. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Les spectacles tirés des « Aventures de Tintin », tels que Tintin et l’Île Noire en 1983 ou Les Bijoux de la Castafiore en 2011, sont des cas particuliers dans le domaine de l’adaptation théâtrale. D’abord, parce que les œuvres canoniques d’Hergé sont ancrées dans la mémoire collective et, à ce titre, agissent comme une matrice visuelle auprès du grand public, matrice qui modèle ses attentes. Ensuite, parce que Moulinsart, la société qui gère l’image de Tintin, maintient depuis plus de vingt ans une politique conservatrice quant aux droits de reproduction et d’adaptation du corpus d’Hergé. La fidélité à l’œuvre source devient donc quelque chose à négocier pour quiconque voudrait transposer Tintin à la scène, difficultés qui s’ajoutent à celles, plus génériques, d’adapter le langage bédéesque au théâtre.

This thesis details the search for dramaturgical methodologies of adaptation with the additional component of a creative project used to put those methodologies into practice. In particular, my research has been focused on the methodologies available for transforming static or descriptive moments of literature into compelling works of drama. My discussion on this process begins by tracing the scholarly developments in the field of adaptation studies, which have led away from what Linda Hutcheon calls “fidelity criticism” and have opened up a new vein of praxis-based research in recent years. Specifically, I trace the path to a four-step formula for the development of theory first suggested by Edward Said and later tailored to the process of adaptation by Linda Hutcheon. The formula itself advocates the balance of research and creativity, which has been an ideal framework for this thesis document. The second chapter of this thesis focuses on an application of this formula for a dramatic adaptation of Voltaire’s notorious novella Candide, or All for the Best, which presents the particular problematic of a densely philosophical novella. Candide also furnishes an interesting case study for the four-step formula as it presents both a rich historical context and a complicated narrative structure. The third and final chapter details the specific dramaturgical choices made in working with the formula to create a new adaptation entitled Survival of the Optimistic, and the implications these choices create for the adaptation process as a whole. The adaptation itself follows at the end of this thesis document.

Domain adaptation on semantic segmentation generally refers to the procedures for narrowing the distribution gap between source and target data, which is vital for developing the automatic vehicle system. It requires a large amount of data with well-labelled ground truth at the pixel level. Labelling this scale of data is extremely costly due to the lot of human effort required. Also, manually labelling often comes with label noises that are harmful to automatic vehicle system development. In this case, solving the above problem utilizes computer-generated data and ground truth for development. However, a notorious problem exists when a system is trained with synthetic data but deployed in a real-world environment, which results from the distribution (domain) difference between these two kinds of data, and domain adaptation helps solve this issue. In the thesis, the limitation of conventional batch normalization layer on adversarial learning based domain adaptation methods is mentioned and discussed. From the view of the limitation, we propose replacing the Sharing Affine Transformation with our proposed Separate Affine Transformation (SEAT) to improve the domain adapting performance. The proposed SEAT is simple, easily implemented, and integrated into existing adversarial learning-based unsupervised domain adaptation methods. Also, to further improve the adaptation quality on lower-level features, we introduce multi-level adaptation by adding the lower-level features to the higher-level ones before feeding them to the discriminator, which is different from others by adding extra discriminators. Finally, a simple training strategy, self-training, is adopted to improve the model performance further. Extensive experiments show that our proposed method is able to get comparable results with other domain adaptation methods with simpler design.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2018 / The morphological variation between populations is shaped by adaptive responses to prevailing environmental conditions and/or not adaptive stochastic effects. Within-population variation is mainly related to age and sexual dimorphism, as well as temporal and spatial variation in environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate patterns of variation in the skull, mandibles, and dentition in a population of the African four-striped mouse Rhabdomys dilectus chakae. Geometric morphometrics was used to assess the variation related to allometry and age, sexual dimorphism, and the inter-annual variation between specimens collected in different years (1975, and 1994-1997). A review of the literature on the application of geometric morphometrics to rodent morphological variation was conducted and landmark morphometrics were concluded to be the most appropriate methods for the skull and the mandible analyses, with a separate analysis using landmarks and semi-landmarks to analyse the variation of mandibular curves, and outline morphometrics with an Elliptic Fourier analysis of the upper molars. Images of the skull (ventral and lateral view at 5x magnification), mandible (at 6.8x magnification), and the three left upper molars (at 10.5x magnification) were captured using a stereoscopic microscope. Landmarks were digitized on the skull and mandible images, with semi-landmarks digitized on mandible images, and outlines were digitized on molars. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyse shape and size variation due to age, sex, and year of sampling and a multivariate regression was used to analyse allometry. A PCA was used to visualize shape variation, and boxplots of log-centroid size to visualize size variation between age classes, sexes, and years of sampling. Shape variation was significantly predicted by age and year of sampling, while size was significantly predicted by age, sex, and year of sampling. Size significantly contributed to shape variation, although size alone did not appear to explain much of the variation present. Most age-related variation in shape was due to differences between the first three age classes and age class IV, while size increased with increased age (i.e. growth). Males were larger than females although no sexual shape dimorphism was evident between sexes. Typical of species with male-male competition, Rhabdomys dilectus chakae demonstrated sexual size dimorphism; larger males have greater mating opportunities. Specimens from 1994 and 1997 had more variable shapes and were consistently smaller than those collected in 1975, 1995 and 1996, except for dentition where these latter specimens were smaller than those collected in 1994 and 1997. Annual variation in morphology may be a plastic response to prevailing local climatic conditions (i.e. rainfall and temperature), Masters Dissertation Candice Neves iv resulting in annual variation in diet, affecting the skull and dentition. Further studies should consider more populations in the species to assess the generalizability of the findings, particularly annual variation, and to consider spatial variation across the distribution of a population. / GR2019