Esta dissertação se refere à pesquisa clínica realizada com adolescentes gestantes ou mães, que vivenciaram experiências de violência doméstica e encontravam-se acolhidas institucionalmente. Estudos apontam que a maternidade na adolescência pode decorrer de sentimentos de abandono, depressivos e/ou comportamento delinquente. Apesar de a maternidade na adolescência ter sido amplamente pesquisada, estudos sobre essa no contexto institucional são escassos. Aventou-se a hipótese de que a construção da identidade, personalidade e adaptação social dessas adolescentes apresenta prejuízos decorrentes das vivências de violências e exclusão social. Assim, visou-se o estudo de casos múltiplos de cinco mães adolescentes a partir da realização do Psicodiagnóstico Interventivo que permitiu a compreensão psicodinâmica e a proposição de medidas interventivas ao longo desse processo. A partir do conhecimento construído, pode-se também elaborar estratégias de trabalho junto às jovens. O método clínico qualitativo foi empregado, embasado no método psicanalítico. O psicodiagnóstico se deu por meio de entrevistas e aplicação do TAT. Os dados coletados foram analisados a partir da livre inspeção do material e discutidos visando ao entrelaçamento de aspectos clínicos e teóricos sob a perspectiva psicodinâmica. Observou-se que as adolescentes apresentaram dificuldades na aquisição de autonomia, exercício do papel materno, sentimentos de solidão e depressão frente à maternidade e à vida. Os achados apontam para um desenvolvimento emocional prejudicado. Aventou-se que a maternidade é uma forma de possuir um lugar no mundo e, inconscientemente, pode ser uma tentativa de estabelecer a dupla mãe-bebê que não fora vivenciada satisfatoriamente na primeira infância. Intervenções foram realizadas, como apontamentos, acolhimentos e encaminhamentos. Conclui-se pela necessidade de intervir nessa realidade, por meio de uma proposta psicoterapêutica / This dissertation consists of the clinical research done with pregnant adolescents or mothers, who have experienced abuse and found themselves in shelter. Studies point that teenage motherhood may be due to abandonment, depression feelings and/or delinquent behavior. While adolescent motherhood have been widely researched, studies about this one are scarce in the institutional context. It was suggested that the construction of identity, personality and social adjustment of these adolescents presents losses resulting from experiences of violence and social exclusion. Therefore, it was aimed the multiple case study of five teenage mothers from the completion of the Psychodynamic and Interventive Diagnosis, which allowed the psychodynamic comprehension as well as the proposal of interventive measures along this process. From the constructed knowledge, one can also develop strategies to work with the youth. The qualitative clinical method was used, based on the psychoanalytic method. The psychodiagnosis was given through interviews and application of TAT. The collected data were analized based on the free inspetion of the material and discusses aiming the interlacing of clinical and theorical aspects under the psychodynamic perspective. It was observed that the adolescents presented difficulty acquiring autonomy, exercising the maternal role, feelings of solitude and depression facing motherhood and life. The findings point to an impaired emotional development. Hypothetically, it was said that the motherhood is a way of owning a place in the world, and, unconsciously, it may be an attempt to establish the relation mother-baby which had not been lived satisfactorily in early childhood. Interventions were carried out, as notes, holding and referrals. In conclusion, theres the need to intervene in this reality, through a psychotherapeutic proposal

Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / Adolescent motherhood is a major problem in many societies throughout the world. One of the problems these young mothers have to deal with is depression. Depression often results in the disengagement of mother-child interaction. Adolescent mothers who are identified as depressed are more at increased risk of future psychopathology, with additional effects on their future and infants‟ lives. The aim of this study investigates the influence of demographic factors (age and marital status) and social support on depression among high school teenage mothers in the Mankweng area in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Two hundred adolescent mothers took part in the study. One hundred of participants were mothers while the others were non-mothers. Their ages ranged between 15 and 19. A quantitative research design and methodology was employed. Correlation analysis method was also used to associate lack of social support with depression. Correlation analysis indicates that lack of social support was a significant factor negatively affecting teenage mothers‟ disposition to depression (r = -0.609, p < 0.01). T-test analysis which was used to compare the experience of depression among teenage mother base on different age group, indicates that age does not play a significant role for teenage mothers to experience depression (t = 1.409, df = 98; p > 0.05). T-test analysis was also used to compare the experience of depression on married teenage mother and unmarried teenage mothers, and indicates that teenage mothers experience depression irrespective of marital status (t = 1.091, df = 98; p > 0.05). It is recommended that professional counseling be provided to teenage mothers before they return to the school system after giving birth. Support from social welfare and family members are also key support system for the young mothers so that these bring psychological and social stability in their lives.

This dissertation examines the construct of hope and its ability to be taught to pregnant and parenting adolescents as a strategy to improve academic achievement and dissuade repeat adolescent pregnancy. A systemic review of the literature examined fourteen (n=14) empirical studies to ascertain if a relationship existed between achievement and the construct of hope. With 92% of the studies reporting a positive correlation between hope and achievement, one can answer yes to the question of an existing relationship between hope and achievement. A manuscript is presented to summarize the development and implementation of a curriculum, designed to develop requisite skills among adolescent mothers to elevate their levels of hope. The Helping Optimize Planning Efforts (HOPE) curriculum presents specific methods for adolescent mothers to enhance skills related to goal setting, goal attainment and the use of positive self-talk as a mechanism for developing hope or increasing existing levels of hope. The study attempted to assess the ability of the HOPE curriculum to enhance the adolescent mother?s level of hope with the underlying assumption that increasing levels of hope might decrease the probability of a repeat adolescent pregnancy. Findings suggested there was a significant difference in the scores for the Dispositional Trait Hope Scale (DTHS) pre-test (M = 68.5, SD = 7.0) and the DTHS post-test scores (M = 73.2, SD = 5.61) (t(11) = 3.18, p = .009) indicating an increase in global hope. A significant difference was also found in between the State Hope Scale (SHS) pre-test scores (M = 39.0, SD = 4.84) and SHS post-test scores (M = 41.5, SD = 5.21) (t(11) = 4.19, p = .002) indicating an increase in the students point in time level of hope. The evaluation of the curriculum indicated that adolescent mothers can be taught to increase their levels of hope using the HOPE curriculum. Data collected during the evaluation of the HOPE curriculum was further analyzed to identify the constructs that contribute to the building of hope in adolescent mothers. The data suggests that two distinct components, agency and pathway, contribute to increase the level of hope. Examination of the subscales within the DTHS, showed there was a significant difference between the pre-test agency (M = 25.42, SD = 5.81) and the post-test agency scores (M = 27.85, SD = 3.65) (t(11) = 2.83, p = .017). Also, among the DTHS pathway subscale, a significant difference was found between the scores on the pre-test (M = 25.08, SD = 3.58) and the post-test score (M = 26.67, SD = 2.35) (t(11) = 2.22, p = .048). These findings suggest that the increased level of hope on the DTHS for was a reflection of the improvements in components, agency and pathway. These findings suggests that adolescent mothers can be taught to be more hopeful when the components of agency and pathway are developed.

Esta dissertação se refere à pesquisa clínica realizada com adolescentes gestantes ou mães, que vivenciaram experiências de violência doméstica e encontravam-se acolhidas institucionalmente. Estudos apontam que a maternidade na adolescência pode decorrer de sentimentos de abandono, depressivos e/ou comportamento delinquente. Apesar de a maternidade na adolescência ter sido amplamente pesquisada, estudos sobre essa no contexto institucional são escassos. Aventou-se a hipótese de que a construção da identidade, personalidade e adaptação social dessas adolescentes apresenta prejuízos decorrentes das vivências de violências e exclusão social. Assim, visou-se o estudo de casos múltiplos de cinco mães adolescentes a partir da realização do Psicodiagnóstico Interventivo que permitiu a compreensão psicodinâmica e a proposição de medidas interventivas ao longo desse processo. A partir do conhecimento construído, pode-se também elaborar estratégias de trabalho junto às jovens. O método clínico qualitativo foi empregado, embasado no método psicanalítico. O psicodiagnóstico se deu por meio de entrevistas e aplicação do TAT. Os dados coletados foram analisados a partir da livre inspeção do material e discutidos visando ao entrelaçamento de aspectos clínicos e teóricos sob a perspectiva psicodinâmica. Observou-se que as adolescentes apresentaram dificuldades na aquisição de autonomia, exercício do papel materno, sentimentos de solidão e depressão frente à maternidade e à vida. Os achados apontam para um desenvolvimento emocional prejudicado. Aventou-se que a maternidade é uma forma de possuir um lugar no mundo e, inconscientemente, pode ser uma tentativa de estabelecer a dupla mãe-bebê que não fora vivenciada satisfatoriamente na primeira infância. Intervenções foram realizadas, como apontamentos, acolhimentos e encaminhamentos. Conclui-se pela necessidade de intervir nessa realidade, por meio de uma proposta psicoterapêutica / This dissertation consists of the clinical research done with pregnant adolescents or mothers, who have experienced abuse and found themselves in shelter. Studies point that teenage motherhood may be due to abandonment, depression feelings and/or delinquent behavior. While adolescent motherhood have been widely researched, studies about this one are scarce in the institutional context. It was suggested that the construction of identity, personality and social adjustment of these adolescents presents losses resulting from experiences of violence and social exclusion. Therefore, it was aimed the multiple case study of five teenage mothers from the completion of the Psychodynamic and Interventive Diagnosis, which allowed the psychodynamic comprehension as well as the proposal of interventive measures along this process. From the constructed knowledge, one can also develop strategies to work with the youth. The qualitative clinical method was used, based on the psychoanalytic method. The psychodiagnosis was given through interviews and application of TAT. The collected data were analized based on the free inspetion of the material and discusses aiming the interlacing of clinical and theorical aspects under the psychodynamic perspective. It was observed that the adolescents presented difficulty acquiring autonomy, exercising the maternal role, feelings of solitude and depression facing motherhood and life. The findings point to an impaired emotional development. Hypothetically, it was said that the motherhood is a way of owning a place in the world, and, unconsciously, it may be an attempt to establish the relation mother-baby which had not been lived satisfactorily in early childhood. Interventions were carried out, as notes, holding and referrals. In conclusion, theres the need to intervene in this reality, through a psychotherapeutic proposal

This dissertation is a mixed methods analysis investigating postpartum depression as it is experienced by self-reported depressed Mexican American adolescent and adult mothers. The qualitative portion of this study explores pregnancy and motherhood to better understand meanings attached to depression. Six adolescent and six adult mothers, were recruited from the Dallas/Fort-Worth area. Each was interviewed twice, using semi-structured interview guides. The quantitative phase utilizes a national sample of self-reported depressed Hispanic mothers to identify breastfeeding behavior and mothers' perceptions of the physical health of their babies. Specifically, a secondary analysis of the National Survey of Children's Health, 2003 was used to supplement the qualitative data. This study provides a theoretical framework of fragmented identity to explain socio-cultural factors contributing to postpartum depression among Mexican American adolescent and adult mothers. Common themes leading to a fragmented identify were indentified. Contributors to postpartum depression include: unplanned pregnancy, internal struggle between cultures, body image and family conflict. Stigma associated with teen motherhood also contributed to depression among adolescent mothers while the medicalization of childbirth was a contributing factor of depression among the adult mothers. Additionally, the duration of breastfeeding and mothers' perceptions of their babies' physical health were impacted by depression, but breastfeeding initiation was not.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between (1) different types of ACEs and migraine, and (2) the number of ACEs and migraine among adolescent mothers in Lima, Peru. Methods: Our cross-sectional study included 787 adolescent mothers (14- to 18-years of age) in Peru. In-person interviews were conducted postpartum, in hospital, within 2-days of delivery. Nine types of ACEs were assessed, including exposure to three categories of abuse, two categories of neglect, and four categories of household dysfunction. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between ACEs and migraine while adjusting for putative confounders. Results: Approximately 75% of adolescent mothers reported having experienced at least one type of ACE. Adolescent mothers who reported any childhood abuse had 1.49-fold increased odds of migraine (aOR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.03–2.18) compared to those with no history of childhood abuse. Adolescent mothers who reported experiencing household dysfunction had 1.56-fold increase odds of migraine (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.09–2.24). Compared to participants who reported no ACE, those who experienced four or more ACEs had 3.09-fold (aOR = 3.09; 95% CI 1.80–5.40) increased odds of migraine (ptrend < 0.001). Conclusion: Exposure to ACEs is highly prevalent in adolescent-aged mothers postpartum and is associated with increased odds of migraine. These findings support the importance of screening for ACEs and migraine among adolescent mothers; and the need for providing culturally appropriate, trauma-informed headache care. / National Institutes of Health / Revisión por pares

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching dialogic reading (DR) strategies to adolescent mothers as measured by DR strategy use during shared book reading with their children. The secondary purpose was to determine the impact of adolescent mothers' implementation of DR strategies on their preschool children’s single word vocabulary. A single subject multiple baseline across behaviors research design was implemented with one adolescent mother and her twin boys. Based on visual analysis of graphical representation of the data, it was determined there was a moderate to strong functional relation between educating an adolescent mother on DR and her implementation of DR strategies during shared book reading, depending on the DR strategy. Receptive and expressive scores on the individual book assessments decreased from baseline to intervention. These results provide preliminary evidence that adolescent mothers have the potential to implement new strategies during shared book reading when provided with direct support. Future research with this population should strive towards developing an intervention for adolescent mothers and their children to enhance children’s language and literacy development.

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