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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estrutura gen?tica populacional de Heliconius erato e Heliconius melpomene (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) em fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica do Rio Grande do Norte

Moura, Priscila Albuquerque de 24 July 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PriscilaAM.pdf: 370438 bytes, checksum: 93995dd721c298f0b6f78207c20d0453 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Extensive studies using molecular markers on butterflies have shown how a highly fragmented landscape may result in the reduction of gene flow among patches of habitat and, consequently, increase genetic differentiation among populations. However, little is known about Heliconius geographical structure and the effects of fragmentation on the connectivity of populations. Furthermore, findings on the effects of the population structure on the dynamics of mimicry evolution in Heliconius butterflies need to be tested in H. erato and H. melpomene specimens found in other locations other than Central and northern South Americas. For the present study, we had two motivations: (1) compare the population structure of H. erato and H. melpomene given the highly fragmented Brazil s Atlantic Forest habitat; and (2) studying population structure of co-mimics could give us insights into the dynamics of mimicry evolution. For this, we analysed the spatial structure and connectivity of eight populations of Heliconius butterflies, in a total of 137 H. erato specimens and 145 H. melpomene specimens, using nine microsatellites loci, 1144 AFLPs markers and 282 mitochondrial DNA sequences. In general, both species exhibited evidence of population subdivision but no isolation by distance indicating some extent of genetic differentiation among populations. Contrary to Kronforst & Gilbert s (2008) Costa Rican Heliconius, H. melpomene exhibited more genetic differentiation than H. erato based on nuclear markers. However, for mitochondrial DNA, H. erato populations showed more genetic differentiation than H. melpomene. Our results corroborate to other studies on Heliconius butterflies concerning the pronounced population subdivision and local genetic drift found in this genus. Nevertheless, the pattern of this differentiation varies significantly from the pattern found in studies conducted in Central America, where H. erato is generally more differentiated and structured than H. melpomene, based on nuclear markers. This different pattern may reflect different evolutionary histories of Heliconius species in Northeastern Brazil s Atlantic Forest / Estudos utilizando marcadores moleculares em borboletas t?m mostrado como uma paisagem altamente fragmentada pode resultar na redu??o do fluxo g?nico entre as manchas de habitat e, conseq?entemente, aumentar a diferencia??o gen?tica entre as popula??es. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a estrutura geogr?fica e os efeitos da fragmenta??o sobre a conectividade das popula??es do g?nero Heliconius. Al?m disso, as conclus?es sobre os efeitos da estrutura populacional sobre a din?mica da evolu??o do mimetismo de borboletas do g?nero Heliconius precisam ser testados em esp?cimes de H. erato e H. melpomene encontrados em outros locais, al?m dos da Am?rica Central norte da Am?rica do Sul. Neste estudo, tivemos duas motiva??es: (1) comparar a estrutura populacional de H. erato e H. melpomene dada a elevada fragmenta??o do Mata Atl?ntica Brasileira, e (2) estudar a estrutura populacional de esp?cies co-m?micas poderia nos fornecer insights a respeito da din?mica da evolu??o do mimetismo. Para isso, analisamos a estrutura espacial e conectividade de oito popula??es de Heliconius, em um total de 137 esp?cimes de H. erato e 145 de H. melpomene, utilizando nove loci de microssat?lites, 1144 marcadores AFLPs e 282 sequ?ncias de DNA mitocondrial. Em geral, ambas as esp?cies apresentaram evid?ncias de subdivis?o populacional, mas nenhum isolamento por dist?ncia indicando alguma diferencia??o gen?tica entre as popula??es. Contrariamente ao Heliconius da Costa Rica (Kronforst & Gilbert 2008), H. melpomene exibiu maior diferencia??o gen?tica que H. erato, baseado em marcadores nucleares. No entanto, para DNA mitocondrial, as popula??es de H. erato apresentaram maior diferencia??o gen?tica que H. melpomene. Nossos resultados corroboram com outros estudos sobre Heliconius no tocante ? subdivis?o populacional e deriva g?nica local encontrada neste g?nero. No entanto, o padr?o dessa diferencia??o varia significativamente do padr?o encontrado em estudos realizados na Am?rica Central, onde H. erato ? geralmente mais diferenciado e estruturado. Esse padr?o pode refletir diferentes hist?rias evolutivas de esp?cies de Heliconius na Mata Atl?ntica do Nordeste do Brasil

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