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Challenges faced by HIV positive pregnant mothers in accessing ARVS : a case study of Tshirenzheni Village at Thulamela Municipality of Vhembe DistrictTshidzumba, Mukondeleli Elisabeth 17 July 2015 (has links)
MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies
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The available of support system for officials working in the HIV/AIDS clinics : a case study of Vhembe DistrictMaladzhi, Nkhumeleni James 17 July 2015 (has links)
Mahole, E / MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies
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Challenges experienced by primary and secondary caregivers of children on Antiretroviral Therapy at Mutale Municipality in the Vhembe District of Limpopo ProvinceMafune, Vhilinga Rudzani 23 July 2015 (has links)
MPH / Department of Public Health
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A model to support professional nurses for patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS-related illness in Tshwane District, Gauteng ProvinceNdou, Nthomeni Dorah 06 January 2016 (has links)
PhD (Advanced Nursing Sicence) / Department of Advanced Nursing Science
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Virologic and Immunologic Responses in Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Active Therapy in Vhembe District, South Africa: A Retrospective StudyAniekan, Adet 18 May 2017 (has links)
MPH / Department of Public Health / Background: South Africa presently has a very high HIV burden. It has adopted the UNAIDS
“90-90-90 targets” to curb its HIV burden. This target aims to attain sustained viral suppression in
90% of all persons receiving antiretroviral therapy. This is supported by several studies. Studies
to observe if patients are achieving and sustaining viral suppression in Limpopo, South Africa, are
few.
Objective: To investigate the viral and immunologic responses of patients in Vhembe District to
highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) between the 1st of January 2004 and 31st of July
2016.
Methodology: This was a retrospective medical record review conducted in Vhembe District in
rural Limpopo. It included the medical records of 1247 individuals from Thohoyandou Community
Health Centre. Analysis was done using SPSS 24.0. To model the factors associated with virologic
and immunologic responses, each independent variable was tested for association with the
dependent variable (viral suppression and CD4 count increase of ≥ 50 cells/μL from baseline to 6
months). The independent variables included age, year of initiation, gender, marital status, baseline
BMI, haemoglobin, clinical stage and estimated creatinine clearance. The Pearson Chi square (X2)
was used for all categorical independent variables and the t-test, for all continuous independent
variables, to test for association. The estimate used was a 95% confidence interval, and a p-value
of < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The study showed that 52.6% of individuals were in clinical stage I at baseline. Viral
suppression (viral load < 50 copies/ml) at 6 months was 64% (n = 648), 72% (n =193) at 60 months
and 94% (n = 16) at 132 months. Fifty-nine percent had consistent viral suppression for a period
of at least 6 months. Consistent viral suppression (viral load < 50 copies/ml on at least one
consecutive occasion without any intervening viral load > 50 copies/ml) for at least 54 months was
only 14%, while 2.3% had a delay in switching from a failing regimen. The mean CD4 count at
baseline was 227 cells/μL, and 538 cells/μL at 60 months. The mean CD4 cell count increase from
baseline to 6 months was 190 cells/μL. The immuno-virologic discordance was 27%. Patients with
higher baseline CD4 count and females were significantly (p = 0.001 and 0.031 respectively) more
likely to achieve viral suppression at 6 months. Those below 45 years and females were
v
significantly (p = 0.011 and 0.043 respectively) more likely to achieve adequate CD4 count
increase at 6 months.
Conclusions: The proportion of individuals with viral suppression in the District increased from
6 months onwards, and is fairly adequate. However, sustainability of viral suppression, once
attained, is low. Adequate immunologic response, however, seems high. Males and age group
above 45 years appear to have poorer responses to HAART.
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Government intervention strategies in HIV/AIDS child-headed households: a case study of Sekhukhune District MunicipalityMashabela, Segotji Elias 03 1900 (has links)
See the attached abstract below
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Factors contributing to clients defaulting anti-retroviral treatment at Matoks Capricorn District, Limpopo ProvinceRatshihume, Phumudzo Terrence 18 May 2018 (has links)
MPH / Department of Public Health / Background: The provision of antiretroviral treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS has
encountered many challenges associated with poor adherence in South African and other
countries in Africa as a whole including globally. Taking ARVs Properly has shown to
reduce viral load to a level where the virus becomes undetectable and these results in an
increase of CD4 count cells. These decreases chances of oppotunistic infections but it
requires a proper adherence and compliance to treatment which seems to be difficult to
most patients on ART.
Purpose: The study investigated factors contributing to clients defaulting antiretroviral
treatment.
Methodology: A qualitative explorative cross-sectional study design was conducted at
Matoks in Capricon District, in the months of May, June and July 2017. A purposive
sampling method was used to select 19 respondents whom where willing to voluntrily
participate in the study from a population of People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHV). An
indepth face to face interview was used to collect data, guided by a central question and
probing. It was then analyzed by the use of eight steps of Tesch.
Results: The findings revealed that women were more defaulters than men. Shortages
of antiretroviral treatment and most clients were unable to collect ART on time due to lack
of transport to the clinic and the long distance from their perspective homes to the clinic.
Socio economic conditions and indegenious health beliefs were some of factors identified.
Recommendations: extensive health education and promotion should be intensified to
reach all community members of Matoks and PLWHA in terms of HIV/AIDS care and
consistent taking of treatment that clients who live far away from the clinic will be able to
collect the ARV treatment nearer to their place of residents. / NRF
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Challenges experienced by community home-based caregivers caring for people living with HIV/AIDS: A case of Tsianda Village in Makhado Municipality, South AfricaMahlophe, M. 21 August 2018 (has links)
MPH / Department of Public Health / Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
place a significant burden on the caregivers for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Caring
for PLWHA is usually carried out by community members who are recruited from the same
community as the PLWHA. These community members are trained to provide services as
volunteer caregivers. The caregivers face various challenges in the process of giving care to
PLWHA, often inadequately assisted by relatives, friends, neighbours, private individuals,
grassroots traditional and political leaders. This results in caregivers being overwhelmed by
their responsibilities, making their coping process even more difficult. The aim of this study
was to explore the challenges experienced by community home-based caregivers (CHBCGs)
caring for people living with HIV/AIDS at Tsianda Village, in Makhado Municipality, South
Africa. This study adopted a qualitative explorative design. The population for this study were
all CHBCGs caring for PLWHA. Non probability purposive sampling was used to select the
community home-based caregivers working at Tsianda Community Home-based care
organisation. In-depth interviews, using a semi-structured interview guide, was conducted by
the researcher and a voice recorder were used to record data from participants. Data
saturation was reached at the 11th participant. This is when the participants were no longer
giving new information. The data collected from the study were analysed thematically. The
following themes emerged from data analysis: Challenges for community home-based
caregivers, perceived support for community home-based caregivers, coping strategies for
community home-based caregivers. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and the code of
ethics to protect the rights of the participants was applied and observed. The findings of the
study revealed that community home-based caregivers experience various challenges which
have a negative impact on their personal life, as well as their physical and psychological wellbeing.
Community home-based care also uses different strategies to cope with these
challenges. It was concluded that the community home-based caregivers are experiencing
serious shortages of personal protective equipment, which makes them work with the fear of
being infected with the diseases. It is recommended that the DOH should take it into
consideration to provide the CHBCG’s organization with enough personal protective
equipment for their safety and working without fear of being infected with deadly viruses. / NRF
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Developing an Adapted HIV/AIDS Training Programme for Church Leaders in Limpopo Province, South AfricaMalwela, Nndondeni Edson 16 May 2019 (has links)
PhD (Health Sciences) / Department of Advanced Nursing Science / The HIV/AIDS is a global epidemic which affects all people, regardless of their religion, race, age, ethnicity or geographic location. The church of Africa, which hosts the largest numbers of infected and affected people, is also challenged to be involved in the response against HIV/AIDS epidemic. Church leaders are experiencing difficulties in fulfilling their role in HIV/AIDS interventions of which they have not received training. The complexity of HIV/AIDS demands a training programme that does not simply deal with symptoms, but it must address the complexities behind and in front of the spread, and earnestly seek effective ways of controlling the spread, as well as various strategies of caring for the infected and those affected with HIV and AIDS. The purpose of this study was to develop an adapted HIV/AIDS training programme for church leaders in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used; quantitative and qualitative data were collected during the same phase of the research process. The population comprised of church leaders from Christian churches in the Limpopo province. A non-probability purposive sampling was used for qualitative approach, while quota sampling was used for quantitative approach. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, while in-depth interviews were used to collect qualitative data in this study. Data analysis was done separately and the two sets of results were merged into an overall interpretation of the study that informed the development of an adapted HIV/AIDS training programme. The findings of the study revealed that church leaders were not trained on how they can be involved in the response against HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Limpopo province. The current training programme did not clarify church leaders’ role towards the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The curriculum development process structure by Meyer and Van Niekerk (2008), and elements outlined by Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968), were adapted to develop the training programme. A developed training programme was then validated by HIV/AIDS trainers and experts in programme development. Relevant recommendations were made to encourage churches to work effectively in addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Limpopo Province. / NRF
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Drug resistance genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of HIV in chronically infected antiretroviral naive patientsBaloyi, Tlangelani 18 May 2019 (has links)
MSc (Microbiology) / Department of Microbiology / Background: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has grown to be one of the most effective
tool in the fight to control HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, due to
the emergence of drug resistant HIV, ART efficacy can be jeopardized. Drug resistant
HIV strain has a potential of becoming a major public threat, as its limit treatment options
on people living with HIV. With several findings worldwide reporting drug resistant HIV to
be currently being transmitted to ART-naïve persons, measures have been taken to
genotype drug resistant HIV prior to treatment initiation. However, in resource limited
countries such measures are not executed especially in public sectors due to the costs
associated with the required assays for genotyping.
Objective: The objectives of the study was to establish a deep sequencing protocol (Next
Generation Sequencing-NGS) using an Illumina MiniSeq Platform and subsequently
apply it to genotype HIV in chronically infected drug naïve persons for resistance
mutations and viral genotypes
Methods: HIV positive Individuals without any exposure to ART (Treatment-naive) were
recruited. Partial pol fragment (complete protease and ~1104bp reverse transcriptase)
were amplified and purified. Libraries were prepared using Nextera XT library preparation
kit, fragmented, tagmented, pooled and denatured then sequenced with Illumina MiniSeq
instrument. Consensus sequences were derived, aligned and phylogenetically analysed.
The Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Algorithm was used to infer the presence of drug
resistant mutants, at the viral minority and majority population levels.
Results and discussion: An NGS protocol to generate nucleotide sequences for drug
resistance inference was established. No major drug resistance mutations were detected
against protease, reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the study subjects investigated.
Nevertheless, V179D change was observed in one patient (8.3%). V179D has been
shown to impact a low-level resistance to NNRTI. On the other hand, several secondary
and unusual mutations at known drug sites were detected even at minority threshold level
of <20%.
Conclusion: No major drug resistance mutations was detected in the drug naïve study
population. This finding suggests that there is no risk of treatment failure to the
investigated subjects, however it is important to assess the potential phenotypic
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significance of the identified secondary resistance mutations in the context of HIV-1
subtype C. The established NGS protocol should be applied in subsequent HIV drug
resistance studies. / NRF
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