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Communication tools used to educate high school learners about HIV/AIDS in the Mthatha areaMadikizela, Nonceba January 2015 (has links)
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the Masters Degree of Technology (Public Relations Management), Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015. / The growing number of HIV/AIDS infections amongst the youth is a cause for concern, particularly with prevention messages being communicated through various media platforms. This signals gaps between the senders and receivers of these messages. Therefore, people are either not learning the message about the dangers of HIV, or are unable or unwilling to act on it.
Mthatha is in the centre of the old Transkei region of the Eastern Cape. It falls under the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality and the OR Tambo District Municipality. Teenage pregnancy is a major challenge in this area, which indicates that most teenagers do not use protection during sexual intercourse. This suggests that the HIV infection rate may be too high. With there being no cure for this disease, communication has been identified as an ideal method of helping to curb the spread of this disease. The purpose of the study was to assess communication tools used to educate high school learners about HIV/AIDS in the Mthatha area.
Data was collected through questionnaires administered to 341 high school learners. Three out of the eight high schools from the Mthatha Central Business District (CBD) in the Eastern Cape were identified for the study. The selection of these high schools was based on the demographics of the learners, which are age, gender and background.
The findings have revealed that there are numerous methods used to educate learners about the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Learners identified mostly with three sources as the accurate tools of communication in HIV/AIDS education; Health education/curriculum, Entertainment-education and Peer Education.
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Knowledge,attitudes and practices on HIV/AIDS among peer educators in Limpopo Department of AgricultureShipalana, Pearl Nkhensani 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Industrial Psychology. African Centre for HIV/AIDS Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS is a world wide pandemic and has caused threat in many organizations. Organizations
are trying to put in place programmes to fight the spread of HIV/AIDS as it affects the
productivity and profits due to increased absenteeism and turnover. The Joint United Nations
programme on HIV/AIDS [UNAIDS] estimated that there are 40 million people living with
HIV/AIDS world wide, 25 million has died and 15 millions are orphans due to HIV/AIDS.
The Department of Agriculture [Limpopo] has recruited Peer Educators to assist in providing
education, awareness and prevention programmes on HIV/AIDS to employees and stakeholders.
However, it is essential to assess the knowledge, attitudes and perception of this Peer Educators
in order to develop intervention measures to improve the effectiveness of the programme.
The Department of Public Service Administration guideline on managing HIV/AIDS in the
workplace (2002) requires departments to conduct KAP (knowledge, attitudes and perception) in
order to have baseline data for responsive, relevant intervention strategies in the workplace.
“HIV/AIDS workplace programmes can only be successful if the employees needs regarding
knowledge, attitudes and practices have been thoroughly researched” (Family Health
International, 2000).
The aim of the study was to identify the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Peer Educators in
the Limpopo Department of Agriculture. This will also assist to measure the impact of training
provided to them. All Peer Educators were be given an opportunity to participate in the study.
Self-administered questionnaire was be used to collect data and confidentiality was emphasized.
Data was analysed using the SSP programme and Microsoft excel.
The findings revealed an average knowledge of Peer Educators on HIV/AIDS, positive attitudes
and safe sexual practice by using condoms. There is need for in service training for Peer
Educators. The results also indicated the strong need of support from supervisors and
management in the implementation of Peer Educators programme. The findings of the study will
also assist the Limpopo Department of Agriculture to redesign the Peer Education Programme in
order to minimize the risks and reduce the infection rate on HIV. Peer Educators are considered
as key informants, it is significant to understand their level of knowledge, and what is their
perception of risk to HIV/AIDS. / ARFIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was die bepaling van die kennisvlakke, houdings en persepsies van
eweknie-opleiers in die Limpopo provinsie.
Die resultate van die studie dui op sterk behoeftes aan verdere opleidng aan veral toesighouers en
bestuurders van die Departement van Landbou van Limpopo provinsie.
Voorstelle word aan die hand gedoen oor die wyse waarop hierdie opleidingsprogramme
saamgestel behoort te word en riglyne word gegee vir die implementering daarvan.
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A qualitative study generating an item pool for a scale that measures negativity experienced by HIV/AIDS lay counsellorsVan der Westhuizen, Sune 04 1900 (has links)
Digitized using a Konica Minolta 211 PCL scanner at 300 dpi. / Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Please refer to full text for abstract.
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Assessing behavioural intention of small and medium enterprises in implementing a HIV/AIDS policy and programmeParsadh, Adrian 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The relentless progression of HfV /AIDS epidemic has made it imperative that measures are
put in place to minimise its impact on Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). mv is set to
have a significant effect on every facet of the population, and SME is not immune.
Business is likely to feel the impact ofmv/AIDS epidemic through reduced productivity,
increased absenteeism, increased staff turnover, increased recruitment and training costs,
increased cost of employee benefits and poor staff morale. One of the interventions is to
implement a mv/AIDS policy and programme, yet a literature search showed that
psychological studies of SME in implementing a mv/AIDS policy and programme are
limited. The present study utilised the model of the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen,
1985,1988, 1991), which is an extension of the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein &
Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980). Intention to implement a mv/AIDS policy and
programme was predicted by the theory of planned behaviour constructs such as attitude,
subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. The theory of planned behaviour was
found to be useful in assessing behavioural intention of SME in implementing a mv/AIDS
policy and programme. These findings indicate that implementing an intervention like a
mv/AIDS policy and programme by SMES is a behavioural intention motivated by
attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die meedoënlose progressie van die HIVNIGS pandemie het dit gebiedend noodsaaklik
gemaak om maatreëls daar te stelom die impak daarvan op klein en medium
sakeondernemings te minimaliseer. HIVNIGS sal 'n beduidende uitwerking hê op alle
vlakke van die bevolking. Klein en medium sakeondernemings is geen uitsondering nie.
Die uitwerking van die HIVNIGS pandemie sal tot gevolg hê 'n afname in produktiwiteit;
'n toename in personeelafwesigheid, personeelomset, personeelwerwing en -
opleidingskoste, personeelvoordele; en swak personeel moreel. Een manier om die
probleem aan te spreek is om 'n HIVNIGS beleid en program te implimenteer.
Ongelukkig toon literêre navorsing dat psigologiese studies van klein en medium
sakeondernemings om 'n HIVNIGS beleid en program te implimenteer, beperk is.
Dié navorsing steun op die teorie van planmatige gedrag (Ajzen, 1985; 1988; 1991), wat 'n
verlenging is van die teorie van beredeneerde optrede (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen &
Fishbein, 1980). Die oogmerk met die implimentering van 'n HIVNIGS beleid en
program is bepaal deur die teorie van planmagtige gedrag soos waargeneem in
geesteshouding, subjektiewe norme en waargenome beheerde gedrag. Daar is gevind dat
die teorie van planmagtige gedrag nuttig is om die oogmerke en optrede van werknemers in
klein en medium sakeondernemings te bepaal met die implimentering van 'n HIVNIGS
beleid en program. Hierdie bevindings toon dat die implimentering en tussenkoms van 'n
HIVNIGS beleid en program by klein en medium sakeondernemings'n gedragsoogmerk is
wat gemotiveer word deur geesteshoudings, subjektiewe norme en waargenome beheerde
gedrag.
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Harmful sexual practices and gender conceptions in Kwazulu-Natal and their effects on the HIV/AIDS pandemicRauch, Rena (Rena Petronella) 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper looks critically at particularly two harmful sexual practices most prevalent
among the Zulu people in Kwazulu-Natal; virginity testing for girls, and the practice
'dry sex.' It is mostly the ripple effects of these practices, regarding the spread of
mV/AIDS that is most alarming to medical science, leaving them no option other
than to condemn this behaviour. This treatise however endeavours throughout to
proffer understanding for the needs of a culture as diverse and unique as the Zulu
people. Further, this paper often looks from an overarching African perspective, since
despite African peoples' differences in terms of linguistics, geography, religiosity and
general differences in daily run of the mill activities, there is a dominant socioreligious
philosophy shared by all Africans.
The, a, band c of virginity testing, and the resulting moral issues revolving around
this practice are addressed. The main issues regarding the repercussions of virginity
testing are discussed as well as the medical controversy involved in these issues. This
will prove the limited effectiveness of this practice and the potential, yet serious and
harmful ramifications it has for girls who are tested.
In stark contrast to these girls, stands the girl who starts at a very tender age with the
practice of 'dry sex', often encouraged and taught to her by female elders in order 'to
please men'. This practice serves as a very powerful tool for commercial sex workers,
venturing the streets and the truck driver stops, as it lures men into making her the
preferred choice. So desperate are her socio-economic and cultural circumstances that
she risks infection, and ultimate death, in order to comply with his need for
unprotected and 'dry sex.' Numerous studies alert us to the fact that the drying agents
used lead to lacerations of the vaginal walls, causing SID's, which in tum, exacerbate
the spread of the disease.
Zulu traditions and customs regarding sexuality and sexual relationships proffer
essential insight into the Zulu people's sexual behaviour. In order to strike a balance
between two diverse cultural groups, the West and African, a critical assessment of
the West's own sexual history guides us to understand the West's 'sober' practice of monogamy is no less 'permissive' and 'promiscuous' than the African's practice of
polygamy.
The paper also investigates the corresponding differences in relation to indigenous
knowledge systems versus science. African people discern the body's physiology and
anatomy metaphorically and symbolically. We cannot simply gloss over these
perceptions, enforcing scientific-based knowledge in our educational programmes,
without consideration and accommodation for a very unique way of interpreting one's
daily experiences and one's unique self.
It is not only our biased discernment of indigenous knowledge that complicates the
Aids pandemic considerably, but it is also enhanced by the burden of stereotyped
gender-roles. Not only is a paradigm shift regarding the imbalance of power very
much needed, we also need to understand that the inculcated anger some men in the
Zulu culture fosters is a force to be reckoned with, as it displays psychological
underpinnings of damage, signalling very clearly the need for therapeutic measures of
healing. Conversely, the female in the Zulu culture has started to empower herself, but
not always in terms of a beneficial end in itself. Similarly, it must alert us to the fine
line separating the virgin-whore dichotomy, fuelled by her poverty-stricken and maledominated
existence.
It would appear that what we are fighting for is more than the preservation of life
whilst engulfed by AIDS's scourge, but a global vision where the individual, or a
whole community, with regard to mVIAIDS, is "self-reproducing, pragmatically selfsustainable
and logically self-contained." (Bauman 1994: 188) / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die Zoeloe kultuur figureer daar veral twee tradisionele seksuele gedragspraktyke
wat kommer wek by sommige Westerlinge, hier ter plaatse sowel as in die buiteland.
Alhoewel hierdie praktyke as natuurlik, eksklusief en algemeen beskou word, is daar
huidiglik stemme van protes wat waarsku dat die twee praktyke potentiele gevaar
inhou vir die mens se gesondheid en geesteswelsyn. Die praktyke behels dat jong en
weerlose meisies vanaf die ouderdom van ses jaar gereeld onderwerp word aan 'n
vaginale toets om vas te stelofhulle nog 'n maagd is, en, die voorkeur van sommige
mans om omgang te he met 'n vrou wat haar vagina op 'n 'onnatuurlike' wyse droog,
hard en styf hou met die oog op 'n meer bevredigende seksuele ervaring vir die man.
Baie vroue geniet ook hierdie ervaring. Die mediese wetenskap is veral bekommerd
oor die moontlike verband tussen die nadelige repurkussies van die twee praktyke en
die vinnige verspreiding van MIVMGS en pleit derhalwe dat daarmee weggedoen
word. Die praktiseerders van eersgenoemde praktyk word byvoorbeeld gewaarsku dat
dit mag lei tot gevalle van verkragting, anale seks asook kindermishandeling, terwyl
laasgenoemde praktyk veral twee hoe risiko-groepe ten opsigte van die VIGSpandemie
ten prooi val; die kommersiele sekswerkers in Kwazulu-Natal wat die
praktyk gebruik as wapentoerusting, en die land se vragmotorbestuurders wat hierdeur
verlei en aangemoedig word. Hierdie vorm van seksuele omgang ondermyn egter nie
net kondoomgebruik nie. Studies het bewys dat die gebruik van 'n vaginale
uitdrogingsmiddel daartoe kan lei dat die wande van die vagina mag skeur. Beide
groepe loop derhalwe nie alleenlik die risiko om 'n seksueeloordraagbare siekte op te
doen nie, maar om ook 'n VIGS-slagoffer te word.
Terwyl die beperkte effektiwiteit van die twee praktyke deurkam word, poog die
verhandeling om deurgaans 'n duidelike ingeboude begrip te handhaaf vir die unieke
en eiesoortige karakter van die Zoeloe kultuur. Dit redeneer dat beide groepe, Afrikaboorlinge
en Westerlinge, moet probeer verhoed om te polariseer en illustreer dat
diverse kultuurgroepe almal, vanuit 'n kultuurhistories perspektief, meerdere of
mindere tekens van promiskuiteit en permissiwiteit ten opsigte van seksualiteit toon.
Dit spreek vanself dat die twee praktyke ondersoek moet word teen die agtergrond
van die Zoeloe's se inheemse kennis met inbegrip van die wyse waarop die menslike
fisiologie en anatomie metafories en simbolies verklaar word. Die digotomie wat bestaan tussen inheemse kennis en wetenskap vra dat ons boodskappe
gekommunikeer moet word op 'n wyse wat beide gesigspunte konsolideer.
Uiteraard kompliseer die stereotipering van geslagsrolle in die Zoeloe bevolking die
VIGS-pandemie aansienlik. Dit dra in 'n groot mate daartoe by dat die VIGSpandemie
nie suiwer as 'n biomediese probleem manifesteer nie, maar dat ander
psigo-sosiale faktore in berekening gebring moet word. Dit werk byvoorbeeld 'n
ongebalanseerde magsposisie in die hand wat sommige Zoeloe mans se sielkundige
worsteling met hul diepgewortelde, polities geinspireerde woede belig en dui op
sommige kontemporere Zoeloe vrouens se toenemende geneigdheid om seks aan te
bied in ruil vir geld. Sy doen dit om sodoende haarself van die juk van die Zoeloe man
se mag oor haar en haar neerdrukkende sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede te bevry.
Die verhandeling beweeg dikwels buite sy grense en fokus nie net bloot op die gedrag
van die Zoeloe bevolking nie, maar boorlinge van Afrika in die algemeen. Hierdie
oorhoofse Afrika-perspektief vind regverdigingsgronde in die lig van die feit dat
boorlinge van Afrika saamgesnoer word deur 'n oorheersende sosio-religieuse
filosofie, desnieteenstaande die feit dat daar merkbare verskille voorkom ten opsigte
van linguistiek, geografie, religieusheid en ander wat betref hul daaglikse gebruike en
omgang.
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The cost effectiveness of a mother-to-child-transmission prevention programme in the Western CapeOsman, Yusuf Ismail 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: After sexual transmission of HIV, mother-to-child (MTCT) transmission is the most
common cause of HIV infection in South Africa. The Western Cape government,
through the Premier, has committed itself to providing access for all HIV positive women
in the province attending antenatal clinics to MTCT prevention programmes by the end
of 2003.
The MTCT prevention programme is aimed at intervening transmission during
pregnancy, during the birth of the baby and post delivery during breast-feeding of the
newborn baby.
The HIV virus attacks and destroys the cells of the immune system by being incorporated
into the reproductive cycle of the cell. Antiretroviral drugs in the fight against HIV target
two aspects of this replication cycle of the virus and as such do not halt the infection but
slow it down by preventing the replication of the virus.
MTCT internationally has been reduced dramatically by the use of antiretroviral drugs
(AZT) antenatally, during birth and post-natally for mother and baby. However this
regimen was found to be not suitable for resource-poor countries due to the complexity in
administration, compliance and costs. Poor countries have developed alternative MTCT
prevention programmes based on shorter course regimens and on alternative antiretroviral
drugs.
MTCT prevention In South Africa initially did not have the support of the national
government. However, the -Western Cape Administration had developed a regional
programme phasing in MTCT prevention at all state clinics within the province. The cost drivers associated with the MTCT prevention programme include costs
associated with the HIV tests, costs for pre- and post-test counselling, costs for the
antiretroviral drugs and costs for substitute feeding to replace breast-feeding to prevent
viral transmission during breast-feeding. Depending on the option exercised, costs can be
calculated per HIV positive baby averted.
As regards substitute feeding, which is a substantial cost driver and a major disadvantage
to the newborn baby as regards protection from common childhood diseases such as
diarrhea, research from Tanzania showed that ARV therapy during childbirth could
suppress HIV transmission through breast-feeding during the first few weeks after
childbirth, thus enabling an optimal combination of breast-feeding in the first few crucial
weeks of the newborn's life for the protective benefits of breast-milk and formula feeding
thereafter to ensure protection for the infant from HIV transmission through breastfeeding.
The data were subjected to a sensitivity or a "what-if' analysis usmg an Excel
spreadsheet. Costs per HIV averted were calculated for each assumed parameter in the
model that was developed. As regards prevalence, the MTCT prevention programme is
most cost effective at the lower levels of the seroprevalence of HIV in the population
served. If the seroprevalence is above the "cross-over" or "optimal" point for the
regimen an alternative regimen should be assessed.
As regards levels of identification and number accepting intervention the principle of an
economy of scale applies and therefore, a level of 100 percent in both cases should be
targeted. This will be dependent on wide scale advertisements and support for the
programme with active efforts to destigmatise the infection. Innovative programmes
such as the mothers-to-mothers-to-be (M2M2B) programme must be encouraged. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Na seksuele oordraging van HIV is moeder tot kind (MTK) oordraging die algemeenste
rede van HIV infeksie in Suid Afrika. Die Wes-Kaapse regering, deur die Premier, het
hulself verbind om toegang vir alle HIV positiewe vroue in die provinsie, wat
voorgeboorte klinieke bywoon, tot MTK voorkomingsprogramme voor die einde van
2003 moontlik te maak.
Die MTK voorkomingsprogram is gerig op die tussenkoms van transmissie gedurende
swangerskap, gedurende die geboorte en die nasorg tydens die borsvoeding periode van
die pasgebore baba.
Die HIV virus val die selle van die immuun sisteem aan en' vernietig dit. Die virus word
geïnkorporeer tot die reproduksie siklus van die sel. Antiretrovirale wat teen die virus
gerig is, is gerig teen twee aspekte van die replikasie siklus van die virus en sodoende sal
die medikasie die infeksie nie staak nie, maar eerder vertraag as gevolg van die
voorkoming van die replikasie.
Moeder-tot-kind infeksie is internasionaal drasties verminder deur die gebruik van
antiretrovirale (AZT) gedurende die tydperk voor geboorte, gedurende die geboorte en
gedurende nasorg van die moeder en baba. Hierdie regimen is egter nie altyd moontlik in
arm lande nie vanweë die kompleksiteit van die administratiewe toepassing en kostes.
Arm lande het alternatiewe MTK voorkomingsprogramme ontwikkel, gebaseer op korter
kursusse en alternatiewe antiretrovirale.
Die voorkoming van MTK infeksie in Suid-Afrika het eers nie die ondersteuning van die
nasionale regering geniet nie. Die Wes-Kaapse Adminstrasie het onafhanklik van die nasionale regering, streeksprogramme ontwikkel vir die infasering van MTK voorkoming
in alle klinieke in die Provinsie.
Die kostedrywers wat met MTK voorkomingsprogramme geassosieer word, sluit in die
koste van HIV toetse, koste van voor-en-na toets berading, koste van die antiretrovirale
en alternatiewe voeding om virale transmissie te voorkom gedurende die tydperk van
borsvoeding. Afhangende van die opsies wat gebruik is, kan die koste van elke baba wat
nie HIV opdoen nie, bereken word.
Sover dit alternatiewe voeding aangaan, wat 'n belangrike kostedrywer is en 'n nadeel
vir elke baba is sover dit teen beskerming van algemene kindersiekte soos diarrhea gaan
het navorsing in Tanzanië bewys dat ARV terapie gedurende geboorte ook HIV
transmissie deur borsvoeding gedurende die eerste paar weke na geboorte onderdruk wat
'n optimale kombinasie van borsvoeding in die eerste paar kritiese weke van die
nuutgebore baba se lewe vir die beskermende voordele van moedersmelk en formulêre
voeding daarna te versterk met beskerming van die baba teen HIV transmissie deur
borsvoeding.
Deur die gebruik van 'n Excel werkblad en 'n "wat as" metode van analiese koste van
HIV opdoen in bereken word vir elke aanvaarding. Sover dit voorkoms betref is die
MTK voorkomingsprogramme die mees effektief hoe laer die "seroprevalence" van HIV
in die populasie gedien word. As die "seroprevalence" hoër as die optimale punt is,
moet 'n ander metode bereken word.
Sover dit die mate van identifisering en hoeveelheid die tussenkoms aanvaar in 'n mate
van 100 persent moet in beide gevalle die mikpunt wees.
Dit sal afhang van grootskaalse advertensies en ondersteuning van die programme met
bedrywige pogings om die' infeksie te destigmatiseer. Nuwe programme soos die
moeder tot nuwe moeder (M2M2B) program moet aangemoedig word.
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Assessing the micro-economic impact of HIV/AIDS on a South African pharmaceutical manufacturer as well as evaluating their policy on HIV/AIDSLudick, Christopher Vernon 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV infection has increased sharply in SA over the past decade, from almost zero to a
level where between 4-6 million citizens are estimated to be HIV positive (i.e. around Il
percent of the total population). Given the considerable lag and link between the HIV and
AIDS epidemic, the mortality consequences of this exponential increase in HIV infection
over the 1990s are more or less matter-of-fact over the coming decade; even drastic
interventions can do little to avoid this reality, albeit possibly impactingfurther beyond.
The health care industry, and more specifically the pharmaceutical industry, is the only
industry that can have a direct impact on the outcome of the epidemic in terms of
provision of antiretroviral drugs. More importantly, the decision by multinational
companies to provide voluntary licensing to local SA pharmaceutical manufacturers for
the manufacturing of generic ARVs has gone a long way into achieving the World Health
Organisations' objective of providing an ARV cocktail for less than $1,00 per day.
The mam aim of the study is to establish and study the micro-economic effect of
HIV/AIDS on a South African pharmaceutical manufacturer and to evaluate their
HIV/AIDS Policy with the framework of the mV/AIDS & SID Strategie Plan for South
Africa 2000-2005.
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to obtain data from various key
informants, manufacturers and market survey companies. The analysis of quantitative
data was done using Excel software and a descriptive analysis method was used to
interpret the data.
The key findings from the study are that Aspen Pharmacare will experience a 20,8 %
HIV prevalence rate in 2005, which will progressively increase to a 25,6 % level in 2015.
This prevalence level will be severely experienced in the skilled, semi-skilled and
unskilled employment of the company during the 2010 period and will start to stabilise in
the latter part of 2015. The AIDS prevalence in the company will increase from a 2,0 %
level in 2005 to a 4,4 % level in 2015. This increase is largely due to the increase in the
prevalence rates in the semi-skilled and unskilled employees. At a senior management level the forecasted number of employees that will have clinical AIDS after 2010 is
between 6 and 8. This clearly indicates that mv/AIDS prevalence at this level is
independent of race and is lifestyle dependent.
If the company were to have the full responsibility for the provision of benefits, based on
the current expected employee benefit structures, the direct cost to company would add
10 % to salary and wages by 2005 and around 20 % by 2010. Indirect costs to company,
such as recruitment and training, increased labour turnover, lost skills and intellectual
property, etc. are estimated to be 2,5 % by 2005 and 5 % by 2010.
With the high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates, especially amongst the unemployed,
companies will have to carry the costs of their mv/AIDS patients for longer and register
then with Aid for AIDS when it becomes too costly. More importantly employers will
have to investigate the cost implication of assisting employee dependents, as this will
have a direct impact on the morale of the employees.
Aspen Pharmacares' mv/AIDS Policy goes beyond the requirements of the mv/AIDS
Strategic Plan for SA in terms of the legal and social requirements. The company also has
a Corporate Social Investment division that assists many NGOs, clinics, hospitals and
communities.
Based on the intellectual property, the pharmaceutical competencies and the continuous
dialogue that exists between the pharmaceutical industry and the department of health,
the researcher concludes, that pharmaceutical companies have an advantage over nonpharmaceutical
companies in dealing with the mv/AIDS issues.
The paper concludes by suggesting recommendations that companies can adopt to ensure
that their mv/AIDS policy can form a significant component of their skills retention
strategy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV infeksie het skerp gestyg in SA oor die laaste dekade, vanaf amper geen tot 'n vlak
waar tussen 4-6 miljoen inwoners beraam word om MIV positiefte wees (minstens 11%
van die totale bevolking). Gegee die aansienlike vertraging en skakel tussen die MIV en
VIGS epidemie, word die eksponensiële toename in die sterfte syfer as gevolg van MIV
infeksies gedurende die jare negentig as vanselfsprekend aanvaar in die komende dekade.
Selfs ingrypende veranderinge kan min doen om hierdie katastrofe te keer.
Die gesondheidsorg industrie, en meer spesifiek die farmaseutiese industrie is die enigste
industrie wat 'n direkte slag kan slaan om die uitkoms van die epidemie te beinvloed, in
terme van voorsiening van antiretrovirale medisyne. Die besluit van die multinasionale
maatskappye om vrywillige lisensiëring aan plaaslike farmaseutiese maatskappye te bied,
vir die vervaardiging van generiese antiretrovirale medisyne, is een stap vorentoe om by
die doelwit van die Wereld Gesondheidsorg Organisasie se doelwit van die voorsiening
van 'n daaglikse toediening van antiretrovirale medisyne van minder as $1.00 per dag.
Die primêre doelwit van hierdie projek is om te bepaal wat die mikro-ekonomiese effek
van MIV/VIGS op 'n Suid Afriakaanse farmaseutiese vervaardiger is en hul MIV/VIGS
beleid te evalueer binne die raamwerk van die MIV/VIGS en SOS Strategiese Plan vir
SA 2000-2005.
Beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes is gebruik om data te verkry vanaf verskeie
bronne, vervaardigers en marknavorsings maatskappye. Die kwantitatiewe inligting was
geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van "Excel" sagteware en 'n beskrywende analitiese
metode was gebruik om die data te interpreteer.
Die hoof bevindinge van die studie is dat Aspen Pharmacare 'n MIV infeksie vlak van
20.8 % in 2005 sal ondervind, wat progressief sal toeneem tot 25,6 % in 2015. Hierdie
infeksie vlak sal in die geskoolde, semi-geskoolde en ongeskoolde arbeid die ergste
voorkom gedurende die 2010 periode en sal dan stabiliseer in die latere gedeelte van
2015. Die VIGS infeksie vlak in die maatskappy sal toeneem vanaf 2,0 % in 2005 tot 'n 4,4 % in
2015. Hierdie toename kan toegeskryf word aan die toename in die infeksie vlakke van
die semi-geskoolde and ongeskoolde arbeid. Op die senior bestuurs vlak word beraam dat
tussen 6 en 8 werknemers VIGS onder lede sal hê na 2010. Hierdie beraming toon
duidelik aan dat MIV/VIGS op hierdie vlak onafhankilik van kleurgroup is en direk
leefstyl verwant is.
Gebaseer op die huidige verwagte werknemer voordele struktuur, en die feit dat die
maatskappy volle verantwoordelikheid sou aanvaar vir die voorsiening van voordele,
word beraam dat die direkte koste as gevolg van MIV/VIGS 'n toename van 10 % in
2005 en 20 % in 2010 by salarisse en lone sal voeg. 'n Toename van 2,5 % in 2005 en 5
% in 2010 word beraam vir indirekte koste (werwing van personeel, opleiding, ens.)as
gevolg van MIV/VIGS.
Met die hoë MIV/VIGS infeksievlakke, veral onder werkloses, sal maatskappye die
kostes vebonde aan hul MIV/VIGS werknemers vir langer moet verduur en dan later
sulke werknemers registreer by "Aid for AIDS" indien dit onbekostigbaar word.
Belangriker is die feit dat werknemers die koste implikasie bepaal in die verband, omdat
dit 'n direkte invloed sal hê op werknemer selfvertroue.
Aspen Pharmacare se MIV/VIGS beleid bied meer as die wettige en sosiale vereistes
soos uiteengesit in die MIV/VIGS en SOS Strategiese Plan vir SA 2000-2005. Die
maatskappy het ook 'n Korporatiewe Maatskaplike Beleggings afdeling wat 'n bydra
lewer by NGOs, klinieke,hospitale en gemeenskappe.
Gebaseer op die intelligensie eiendom, die farmaseutiese bekwaamheid en die
aanhoudende gesprekvoering wat bestaan tussen die farmaseutiese bedryf en die
department van gesondheid, oortuig die navorser dat farmaseutiese maatskappye 'n
voordeel het bo nie-farmaseutiese maatskappye in die hantering van die MIV/VIGS
strydvraag.
Hierdie studie sluit af met aanbevelings wat maatskappye kan toepas om te verseker dat
hul MIV/VIGS beleid 'n betekenisvolle komponent van hul bekwaanheids retensie
strategie is.
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Freirean pedagogy as applied by DramAidE for HIV/AIDS education.Nduhura, Dominique. January 2004 (has links)
This phenomenological study discusses the problem of whether the agents or actors who design strategies take full account of the concepts that their plans are designed to change. Therefore, I critically assess DramAidE's methodology in order to show how efficient it is in the light of Freirean pedagogy. In that, the study investigates whether there is an analytically bulletproof communication form that necessarily achieves behaviour change, as has occasionally been attributed to Freire. The theoretical framework of this study includes development communication theories along with the Entertainment-Education approach (EE) used in health
communication. More specifically, the study is informed by Freirean critical
pedagogy and behaviour change theories. On the other hand, the Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977), the Fixation of Belief Model (Peirce, 1877) and the concepts of intimate and social realms (Arendt, 1958) are also used to explain the realities observed in DramAidE's programmes.
The methodologies used, in addition to the literature review, consisted of semistructured in-depth interviews along with focus group discussions with DramAidE's staff, schoolchildren, teachers and caregivers. Among the results established by this study, it is worth mentioning the growing
interest displayed by beneficiaries towards DramAidE's programmes. Life-skills claimed by learners included aspects such as self-confidence, assertiveness, decision making skills, informed sexuality, and improved communication. However, serious discrepancies were noticed between these life-skills, how well they were mastered and how effectively the learners put them into practice. Reasons for that proved to be rooted chiefly in peer pressures and cultural stumbling blocks, for example gender
inequality and violence against females. This means that peer educators needed a more supportive environment to extend DramAidE's action. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2004.
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The AIDS transition: impact of HIV/AIDS on the demographic transition of black/African South Africans by 2021Matanyaire, Sandra D January 2004 (has links)
The first two official AIDS cases were diagnosed in South Africa in 1982. During the same period of the 1980s, the black/African population was experiencing an accelerated fertility decline, following a period of accelerated mortality decline. Demographers invoked the demographic transition theory to explain the observed mortality and fertility decline. According to the demographic transition theory, mortality and fertility rates would continue declining to low, post transitional levels with increasing modernization. The relatively higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS estimated among black/African South Africans is expected to alter their demographic transition. This research investigated the impact of HIV/AIDS on the demographic transition of black/Africans by 2021.
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A case study on the implementation of prevalence testing for HIV in a manufacturing company in Kwazulu-NatalBalding, Alan Guy 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / On t.p.: HIV/AIDS Management. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This article describes the approach taken by a company to successfully implement
prevalence testing for HIV at one of its manufacturing sites in KwaZulu-Natal. Ninety
point four percent of the employees on site on the day of testing subjected themselves to
voluntary anonymous testing. No rewards or incentives whatsoever were offered or given
to the participants.
The problem faced by the company was that there was increasing mortality amongst its
employees, particularly those in the lower job grades, mainly machine operators and other
lesser skilled positions. The cost of insured benefits provided by the company’s provident
fund for death and disability were increasing and less money could be allocated to funding
for retirement. In the absence of any empirical data the company had no idea how they
would be affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, other than attempting to use provincial
averages.
The level of knowledge of HIV and AIDS in the company was judged as relatively poor.
Many of the staff, more so the senior staff, had little or no exposure to the disease and what
effect it had on those suffering from it or those supporting sufferers.
Little had been achieved to manage HIV and AIDS until a workshop was organised by the
company for representatives from all branches to attend. Various information topics about
HIV were covered at the workshop, which concluded with the site representatives having
to work out and table an action plan, and make a personal pledge of what they were going
to do to help in the fight against HIV and AIDS. The workshop was attended by all board
members, senior management, shop stewards and shop floor representatives. One of the
key features of the presentations was by a senior official of the union, who then assisted
throughout the rest of the workshop. Site plans were then later followed up when a central
committee visited the sites and presentations on progress were made.At the workshop mention was made of the need to conduct prevalence testing and also the
establishment of a HIV/AIDS committee. The site committee made the decision that
prevalence testing should take place and consulted the workforce themselves and also
through shop stewards. Once it was felt that sufficient support would be forthcoming a date
for testing was set.
The company had in the meantime contracted with a service provider to do testing where
needed. A briefing session attended by the HIV/AIDS committee, shop stewards, the
management team and two executive directors was arranged. A doctor employed by the
service provider addressed the group and answered their concerns and demonstrated the
saliva test on himself.
On the day of testing senior management and the senior shop steward walked the factory
floor encouraging employees to participate. This intervention has laid the foundation for a
successful management campaign against HIV and AIDS in the workplace. / In hierdie artikel word die benadering wat n maatskappy gebruik om die voorkomsyfer van
MIV by een van sy vervaardigingsterreine in KwaZulu-Natal to toets, beskryf.
Op die dag waarop toetsing plaasgevind het, het 90,4% van die werknemers op die terrain
hulleself vrywilliglik laat toets. Tydens hierdie anonieme toetsing is geen belonging of
voordele van enige aard aan die deelnemers gebied nie.
Die problem wat die maatskappy gehad het, was dat daar n toenemde sterftesyfer onder
werknemers in die laer posvlakte soos masjienoperateurs en werknemers in posiese wat
minder vaardighede vereis. Daar was stygende koste (in terme van dood en ongeskiktheid)
van versekerde voordele waarvoor die maatskappy se voorsieningsfonds voorsiening
maak, wat tot gevolg gehad het dat daar minder geld beskikbaar was vir pensionfondse.
Omdat daar n tekort van empiriese data was, het die maatskappy geen idée gehad van die
effek wat die MIV/VIGS-pandemie op hom sou uitoefen nie, behalwe deur die gebruik van
provinsiale gemiddeldes.
Die kennis van MIV/VIGS binne die maatskappy is as swak bestempel. ’n Groot
hoeleevheid van die personeel, veral die in senior poste, het min of geen blootstelling gehad
van die virus en die effek wat dit op VIGS-lyers en die ondersteuners van VIGS-lyers het
nie.
Min is gedoen on MIV/VIGS te bestuur, totdat n werkswinlek deur die maatskappy
georganiseer is vir verteenwoordiges van al, die takke. ’n Verskeidenheid onderwerpe in
verband met MIV/VIGS is deur die werkswinkel gedek. Een daarvan was dat die
terreinverteenwoordiges n aksieplan moes opstel en n persoonlike eed moes afle dat hulle
sou help in die stryd teen MIV/VIGS. Die werkswinkel is deur al die raadslede, senior
bestuurslede, werkswinkelassistente en –verteenwoordiges bygewoon.
Die hoofsaak van die voorleggings is deur n senior uniebeampte gelei, waarna hy vir die
verloop van die program geassisteer het. Terreinplanne is opgestel en dit is later opgevolg
deur n sentralle komitee wat die terreine besoek het en voorleggings gelewer het in verband
met die vordering wat gemaak is.
Tydens die werkswinkel is melding gemaak van die noodsaaklikheid van die toetsing van
die voorkomsyfers van MIV en die instelling van n MIV/VIGS komitee. Die terreinkomitee
het besluit dat die voorkomstoetsing moes plaasvind nadat die werkersmag en
werkswinkelsttistente gekonsulteer is. Nadat besluit is dat die nodige ondersteuning uit
hierdie toetsing sou voortspruit, is ’n datum vir die toetsing voorgestel.
Vir die interementydperk het die maatskappy ’n diensverskaffer gekontrak om die toetsing,
waar nodig, waar te neem. ’n Inligtingsessie is gereel wat deur die MIV/VIGS-komitee,
werkswinkelassistente, die bestuurspan en twee uitvoerende direkteure bygewoon is. ’n
Dokter, wat deur die diensverskaffer in diens geneem is, het die groep te word gestaan en
antwoorde verskaf op hulle vraagstukke. Hy het ook die speekselftoets op himself
gedemonstreer.
Op die dag wat die toetsing plaasgevind het, het die seniorbestuur en werkswinkel-assistant
deur die fabriek geloop en werknemers anngemoedig on aan die toetsing deel te neem.
Hierdie intervensie het gelei tot die stigting van n suksesvolle bestuursveldtog teen
MIV/VIGS in die werksplek.
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