No description available.

The aim of this research study was to investigate the effects of HIV/AIDS on teachers and learners of one Secondary School in Mthatha District of Eastern Cape, South Africa. The research design used was a case study; both quantitative and qualitative techniques were employed. The research was conducted in one secondary school, where data was collected using the interview schedules and the questionnaires. The teachers and learners were the respondents. Close-ended responses were analysed using Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. Open-ended responses and interviews were analysed manually using sentence analysis, themes, categories and pattern. Interview responses were also analysed and interpreted using descriptions. From the analysis and interpretation of results, the following main findings emerged: HIV/AIDS has a devastating and deadly effect on both learners and teachers such as:-early sick pensions, redeployments, high teacher death rate, high learner death rate and learner absenteeism. Learner and teacher absenteeism trough HIV/AIDS epidemic, learner drop-out from school because of HIV/AIDS, non-fulfillment of future goals by the learners were discovered by the researcher as some of the findings from the study. From the findings it emerged that HIV/AIDS has devastating and deadly effect on both learners and educators. Support on those who are affected by HIV/AIDS epidemic is recommended by the researcher and the strategies that can be used to control HIV/AIDS epidemic.

A research report submitted to The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Of Masters in Public Health Johannesburg 2005 / ABSTRACT Swaziland is currently faced with a deepening HIV/AIDS epidemic. A systemic review of available information concerning the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Swaziland was undertaken to collate data and document this impact in order to inform decision makers and planners. The methodology for the systematic review was based on the guidelines described in the Cochrane Reviewers’ handbook. HIV/AIDS has significantly increased the vulnerability of affected Swaziland rural households to environmental shocks. There is an increased burden of orphans due to HIV/AIDS, reduced household labour and income as adults die of AIDS. HIV/AIDS has reduced farm productivity leading to worsening of food insecurity and poverty in affected households. Due to HIV/AIDS, absenteeism in Swaziland organizations has increased by 20- fold. HIV/AIDS is currently the leading cause of death accounting for over 60 percent of all employee deaths. Organisations that have implemented HIV/AIDS workplace responses have been less affected. The micro-sector is the worst affected and it is recommended that policy makers ensure that this sector is protected from the negative impact of HIV/AIDS. The epidemic of negative impacts of HIV/AIDS in Swaziland has not yet reached the peak.

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-04-06T18:16:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diss MP Alba Regina de Sousa. 2014.pdf: 2449106 bytes, checksum: b39d805e5a2f5c61378cd2fdc55741d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-04-15T14:34:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Diss MP Alba Regina de Sousa. 2014.pdf: 2449106 bytes, checksum: b39d805e5a2f5c61378cd2fdc55741d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T14:34:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diss MP Alba Regina de Sousa. 2014.pdf: 2449106 bytes, checksum: b39d805e5a2f5c61378cd2fdc55741d7 (MD5) / A epidemia da aids persiste como grande problema de saúde pública e conhecer sua dinâmica é importante para o planejamento de políticas públicas. Este estudo analisou a evolução espaço-temporal da aids no estado da Bahia, por meio de estudo ecológico de agregados de dados no tempo e no espaço geográfico da Bahia, no período 2002 a 2012. A população do estudo foi composta por pessoas com diagnóstico de aids, residentes no estado. Os dados resultaram do relacionamento das bases do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM), do Sistema de Controle Logístico de Medicamentos (Siclom) e do Sistema de Controle de Exames Laboratoriais (Siscel), realizado pelo Departamento de DST, Aids e Hepatites Virais/Ministério da Saúde, disponibilizados para as secretarias estaduais de saúde. As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, ano do diagnóstico da aids, categoria de exposição e município de residência. Foram calculadas taxas de incidência e, para estimar a tendência da epidemia no estado, utilizou-se a regressão linear simples das taxas anuais de incidência de aids no período de 2002-2012. Utilizaram-se planilhas do Excel para o cálculo das taxas de incidência e o pacote estatístico STATA v.12 para a regressão linear. De 2002 a 2012 foram registrados 16.406 casos de aids no estado da Bahia, com predominância no sexo masculino com maior proporção de casos 59,5% (9.765) dos casos. A taxa de incidência de aids na Bahia demonstrou tendência de crescimento com estabilização nos últimos 3 anos da série; em 2002 foi 9,2 por 100.000 hab. e 12,9 por 100.000 hab. em 2012. As taxas de incidência indicaram tendência de crescimento da epidemia para ambos os sexos, embora ainda haja maior expressividade para o sexo masculino. A razão média de casos entre homens e mulheres no período foi 1,5:1. A transmissão sexual foi a categoria de exposição mais referida. Em relação ao nível de escolaridade, a maior proporção dos casos referiu ensino fundamental completo e incompleto. Quanto à raça/cor, a maior proporção de casos foi em indivíduos de cor parda. Em relação à faixa etária, não houve crescimento em menores de 5 anos e as maiores taxas de incidências se situaram nas faixas de 30 a 39 , além de ocorrer crescimento nas faixas de 50 e mais. Do ponto de vista regional, observou-se a existência de casos em todas as regiões da Bahia As regiões são semelhantes em relação á características sociodemográficas da aids, entretanto diferem em relação a magnitude da epidemia. Os resultados sugerem que a aids continua crescendo no estado.

No description available.

Introdução - A epidemia de HIV/Aids deve ser compreendida em todas as suas diferentes dimensões - biológica, social, cultural, política, econômica e geográfica, o que demanda a abordagem de diversas áreas do conhecimento para seu real enfrentamento. O uso de ferramentas de análise espacial permite identificar diferenciais no comportamento desse agravo nas populações e nos espaços que ocupam, o que pode auxiliar a selecionar áreas para políticas e intervenções específicas. Objetivo - Descrever a evolução da epidemia de Aids nos indivíduos com 13 anos ou mais de idade residentes no município de São Paulo, notificados no SINAN entre 1980 e junho de 2012, utilizando o referencial espacial. Métodos - 1. Estudo descritivo das variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e epidemiológicas dos casos de Aids. 2. Análise de varredura espacial, espaço-temporal e de variação espacial nas tendências temporais de todos os casos de Aids e de subgrupos específicos: pacientes com 50 anos de idade ou mais e óbitos por Aids, segundo áreas de ponderação. 3. Análise de regressão múltipla, para verificar a relação entre a incidência e a mortalidade por Aids padronizadas e indicadores sociais, demográficos, econômicos, educacionais, ambientais e ocupacionais do IBGE. Resultados - As taxas de incidência e de mortalidade por Aids variaram entre os dois sexos e ao longo do tempo, com tendência de queda em ambos os sexos; se concentraram na região central nos homens e apresentaram dispersão para áreas mais periféricas nas mulheres. A doença ganhou relevância nas mulheres mais idosas e naquelas com baixa escolaridade, nos homens com alta escolaridade e na faixa etária de 13 a 29 anos, bem como na categoria de exposição heterossexual em ambos os sexos e em homossexuais do sexo masculino. O tempo entre o diagnóstico e o óbito reduziu ao longo do tempo. As taxas de incidência e mortalidade apresentaram autocorrelação espacial nos anos censitários, exceto no sexo feminino em 2010. Os aglomerados espaciais no sexo masculino se concentraram mais no centro da cidade e em áreas contíguas das regiões norte e sudeste, e nas mulheres, foram mais dispersos pelo município. O período mais crítico para aglomerações da doença no sexo masculino ocorreu entre 1993 e 1999, e no feminino, de 1995 a 2003. Em ambos os sexos observou-se uma tendência temporal de periferização da Aids no município. Considerando-se os indicadores do IBGE, a incidência de Aids foi inversamente associada principalmente à proporção de domicílios particulares permanentes próprios e quitados ou em aquisição e diretamente relacionada à proporção de pessoas sem nenhuma religião ou culto ou não declarado. A taxa de mortalidade, por sua vez, também se associou negativamente à proporção de domicílios particulares permanentes próprios e quitados ou em aquisição, e positivamente à proporção de domicílios coletivos. Conclusões - Foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias na abordagem da epidemia de Aids, o que permitiu ampliar a visão sobre o agravo no município de São Paulo e fornecer subsídios para apoiar as instituições no planejamento e na definição de políticas públicas voltadas ao cuidado das pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids. / Introduction - The HIV/AIDS must be understood in all its different dimensions - biological, social, cultural, political, economic and geographic, which demands the approach of different fields of knowledge to really face it. The use of spatial analysis tools allows the identification of differences in the behavior of this disease in populations and in the spaces they occupy, which can help to select areas for specific policies and interventions. Objective - To describe the evolution of the AIDS epidemic in individuals aged 13 years old or older, living in the city of São Paulo, who were reported in the SINAN system from 1980 to June 2012, using a spatial referential. Methods - 1. A descriptive study of sociodemographic, clinical and epidemiological variables of AIDS cases. 2. Analysis of spatial scan, spatio-temporal scan and spatial variation in temporal trends of all AIDS cases and in specific subgroups: patients aged 50 years old or older, and deaths from AIDS, according to sample areas. 3. Multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the standardized incidence and mortality from AIDS and social, demographic, economic, educational, environmental and occupational indicators from IBGE. Results - The incidence and mortality rates from AIDS varied among the two sexes and over time, with a declining trend in both sexes; the rates were concentrated in the central region in men and spread to more peripheral areas in women. The disease has gained relevance in older women and in those with a lower education level, in men with a high educational level and in the age group of 13 to 29 years old, as well as in the heterosexual exposure category in both sexes and homosexual men. The time between diagnosis and death has reduced over time. The incidence and mortality rates showed spatial autocorrelation in the census years, except for females in 2010. The spatial clusters of males were more concentrated in the center of the city and in adjacent areas of the north and southeast, while females were more dispersed along the municipality. The most critical period for disease agglomeration in men occurred between 1993 and 1999, and in women from 1995 to 2003. There was a temporal trend of AIDS peripherization in the city for both sexes. Considering the IBGE indicators, the incidence of AIDS was inversely associated specially to the proportion of permanent private households, own and settled, or in acquisition, and directly related to the proportion of people without any religion or cult or not declared. The mortality rate was negatively associated to the proportion of permanent private households, own and settled, or in acquisition, and positively associated to the proportion of collective households. Conclusions - Different methodologies in the AIDS epidemic approach were used, which enabled to expand the vision of the disease in the city of São Paulo, providing information to support the institutions in the planning and definition of public policies towards the care of people living with HIV/AIDS.

During the past decade, South Africa has become the country with the highest number of HIV/AIDS infections in the world. In the wake of the widely spread HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa, hundreds of thousands of children are left parentless. Since limited research exists on the psycho-educational needs of children orphaned by AIDS in South Africa, the focus of this study was on their psycho-educational development. A literature study was conducted to investigate the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa and its consequences for the psycho-educational development of AIDS orphans. A qualitative investigation was undertaken and interviews were conducted with caregivers of AIDS orphans at two care centres in rural KwaZulu-Natal. The aim of the investigation was to identify the psycho-educational needs of AIDS orphans as perceived by their caregivers. Moreover, the investigation also aimed at identifying factors that impede the psycho-educational development of AIDS orphans, and to determine the extent to which these day care centres meet the psycho-educational needs of these orphans. The following psycho-educational needs of AIDS orphans emerged from the investigation: - the need to socialise and communicate - the need to cope with parental death - the need for acceptance - the need for security and care - the need for love and belonging - the need to deal with negative emotions Physical and material needs were added to the above needs, since these were frequently mentioned during the course of the interviews. Factors that seriously impeded the psycho-educational development of AIDS orphans were abuse and neglect. The investigation also revealed that the care centres were to a large extent able to meet a broad spectrum of these orphans’ psycho-educational needs, especially at the care centre where the AIDS orphans were able to sleep over and received the full-time attention caregivers. Since the extended family system can no longer fully carry the burden of hundreds of thousands of AIDS orphans in South Africa, care centres situated in the affected communities can offer a viable alternative to traditional models of care. The study emphasised the need for further research on the needs of AIDS orphans as well as increased support of AIDS orphans on local, provincial and national levels. / MEd (Learner support), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

During the past decade, South Africa has become the country with the highest number of HIV/AIDS infections in the world. In the wake of the widely spread HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa, hundreds of thousands of children are left parentless. Since limited research exists on the psycho-educational needs of children orphaned by AIDS in South Africa, the focus of this study was on their psycho-educational development. A literature study was conducted to investigate the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa and its consequences for the psycho-educational development of AIDS orphans. A qualitative investigation was undertaken and interviews were conducted with caregivers of AIDS orphans at two care centres in rural KwaZulu-Natal. The aim of the investigation was to identify the psycho-educational needs of AIDS orphans as perceived by their caregivers. Moreover, the investigation also aimed at identifying factors that impede the psycho-educational development of AIDS orphans, and to determine the extent to which these day care centres meet the psycho-educational needs of these orphans. The following psycho-educational needs of AIDS orphans emerged from the investigation: - the need to socialise and communicate - the need to cope with parental death - the need for acceptance - the need for security and care - the need for love and belonging - the need to deal with negative emotions Physical and material needs were added to the above needs, since these were frequently mentioned during the course of the interviews. Factors that seriously impeded the psycho-educational development of AIDS orphans were abuse and neglect. The investigation also revealed that the care centres were to a large extent able to meet a broad spectrum of these orphans’ psycho-educational needs, especially at the care centre where the AIDS orphans were able to sleep over and received the full-time attention caregivers. Since the extended family system can no longer fully carry the burden of hundreds of thousands of AIDS orphans in South Africa, care centres situated in the affected communities can offer a viable alternative to traditional models of care. The study emphasised the need for further research on the needs of AIDS orphans as well as increased support of AIDS orphans on local, provincial and national levels. / MEd (Learner support), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Leadership, 2009. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. Xx-Xx).

Introdução - A epidemia de HIV/Aids deve ser compreendida em todas as suas diferentes dimensões - biológica, social, cultural, política, econômica e geográfica, o que demanda a abordagem de diversas áreas do conhecimento para seu real enfrentamento. O uso de ferramentas de análise espacial permite identificar diferenciais no comportamento desse agravo nas populações e nos espaços que ocupam, o que pode auxiliar a selecionar áreas para políticas e intervenções específicas. Objetivo - Descrever a evolução da epidemia de Aids nos indivíduos com 13 anos ou mais de idade residentes no município de São Paulo, notificados no SINAN entre 1980 e junho de 2012, utilizando o referencial espacial. Métodos - 1. Estudo descritivo das variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e epidemiológicas dos casos de Aids. 2. Análise de varredura espacial, espaço-temporal e de variação espacial nas tendências temporais de todos os casos de Aids e de subgrupos específicos: pacientes com 50 anos de idade ou mais e óbitos por Aids, segundo áreas de ponderação. 3. Análise de regressão múltipla, para verificar a relação entre a incidência e a mortalidade por Aids padronizadas e indicadores sociais, demográficos, econômicos, educacionais, ambientais e ocupacionais do IBGE. Resultados - As taxas de incidência e de mortalidade por Aids variaram entre os dois sexos e ao longo do tempo, com tendência de queda em ambos os sexos; se concentraram na região central nos homens e apresentaram dispersão para áreas mais periféricas nas mulheres. A doença ganhou relevância nas mulheres mais idosas e naquelas com baixa escolaridade, nos homens com alta escolaridade e na faixa etária de 13 a 29 anos, bem como na categoria de exposição heterossexual em ambos os sexos e em homossexuais do sexo masculino. O tempo entre o diagnóstico e o óbito reduziu ao longo do tempo. As taxas de incidência e mortalidade apresentaram autocorrelação espacial nos anos censitários, exceto no sexo feminino em 2010. Os aglomerados espaciais no sexo masculino se concentraram mais no centro da cidade e em áreas contíguas das regiões norte e sudeste, e nas mulheres, foram mais dispersos pelo município. O período mais crítico para aglomerações da doença no sexo masculino ocorreu entre 1993 e 1999, e no feminino, de 1995 a 2003. Em ambos os sexos observou-se uma tendência temporal de periferização da Aids no município. Considerando-se os indicadores do IBGE, a incidência de Aids foi inversamente associada principalmente à proporção de domicílios particulares permanentes próprios e quitados ou em aquisição e diretamente relacionada à proporção de pessoas sem nenhuma religião ou culto ou não declarado. A taxa de mortalidade, por sua vez, também se associou negativamente à proporção de domicílios particulares permanentes próprios e quitados ou em aquisição, e positivamente à proporção de domicílios coletivos. Conclusões - Foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias na abordagem da epidemia de Aids, o que permitiu ampliar a visão sobre o agravo no município de São Paulo e fornecer subsídios para apoiar as instituições no planejamento e na definição de políticas públicas voltadas ao cuidado das pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids. / Introduction - The HIV/AIDS must be understood in all its different dimensions - biological, social, cultural, political, economic and geographic, which demands the approach of different fields of knowledge to really face it. The use of spatial analysis tools allows the identification of differences in the behavior of this disease in populations and in the spaces they occupy, which can help to select areas for specific policies and interventions. Objective - To describe the evolution of the AIDS epidemic in individuals aged 13 years old or older, living in the city of São Paulo, who were reported in the SINAN system from 1980 to June 2012, using a spatial referential. Methods - 1. A descriptive study of sociodemographic, clinical and epidemiological variables of AIDS cases. 2. Analysis of spatial scan, spatio-temporal scan and spatial variation in temporal trends of all AIDS cases and in specific subgroups: patients aged 50 years old or older, and deaths from AIDS, according to sample areas. 3. Multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the standardized incidence and mortality from AIDS and social, demographic, economic, educational, environmental and occupational indicators from IBGE. Results - The incidence and mortality rates from AIDS varied among the two sexes and over time, with a declining trend in both sexes; the rates were concentrated in the central region in men and spread to more peripheral areas in women. The disease has gained relevance in older women and in those with a lower education level, in men with a high educational level and in the age group of 13 to 29 years old, as well as in the heterosexual exposure category in both sexes and homosexual men. The time between diagnosis and death has reduced over time. The incidence and mortality rates showed spatial autocorrelation in the census years, except for females in 2010. The spatial clusters of males were more concentrated in the center of the city and in adjacent areas of the north and southeast, while females were more dispersed along the municipality. The most critical period for disease agglomeration in men occurred between 1993 and 1999, and in women from 1995 to 2003. There was a temporal trend of AIDS peripherization in the city for both sexes. Considering the IBGE indicators, the incidence of AIDS was inversely associated specially to the proportion of permanent private households, own and settled, or in acquisition, and directly related to the proportion of people without any religion or cult or not declared. The mortality rate was negatively associated to the proportion of permanent private households, own and settled, or in acquisition, and positively associated to the proportion of collective households. Conclusions - Different methodologies in the AIDS epidemic approach were used, which enabled to expand the vision of the disease in the city of São Paulo, providing information to support the institutions in the planning and definition of public policies towards the care of people living with HIV/AIDS.