Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02

The Incoherent Neighbour challenges standard narratives of the early Cold War that identify a neglect of the Western Hemisphere in the initial formulations of containment strategy. Such traditional accounts overlook the integral role of George C. Marshall, during his tenure as Secretary of State, in translating the abstract concepts of containment into the specific context of Latin America. Marshall did not introduce a Cold War framework to the Western Hemisphere however; rather he identified the Western Hemisphere as a particular theatre for an asymmetric response in the psychological struggle with the Soviet Union. Marshall sought to project a positive image of the US and demonstrate a symbolic example of solidarity in its sphere of influence through a renewed commitment to the Good Neighbour Policy. A number of significant tensions left unreconciled ensured that incoherence remained the defining feature of this strategic approach however. Marshall failed to understand that the lessons of the Good Neighbour Policy no longer remained applicable to a region transformed by a rising tide of expectations for political and economic development. The legacies of Marshall as the first global strategist and saviour of Europe are undermined by his unsuccessful strategy in the Western Hemisphere between 1947 and 1948.

In 1992, Caribbean states were among over 150 states, who adopted, by consensus, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. Principle 10 of that Declaration emphasises the role of participatory rights at a national level in the achievement of the goal of sustainable development. It articulates what are now commonly referred to as the three 'pillars' of procedural participation in environmental matters: access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice. In the two decades which have followed since the Rio Declaration, regional studies have demonstrated that Caribbean countries continue to struggle with the meaningful implementation of these procedural environmental rights. The focus of this study will be on the evaluation of the mechanisms relating to access to justice and public participation in two Commonwealth Caribbean countries: Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica. The objective is to understand the gaps or deficiencies which exist in the legal frameworks of the selected states which may create barriers to the effective implementation of these access rights. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters will be used as the primary yardstick to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the current domestic regimes. Finally, recommendations for reform are made which can help to improve the strength and implementation of the procedural rights in the selected jurisdictions.

O inimigo interno foi uma figura central na cena social e Política da América Latina na segunda metade do século XX. Ele se apresentou como a razão de uma necessária mudança no Sistema político e econômico de muitos países, um objeto cuja busca requereu a adaptação das instituições e, mais em geral, uma série de mudanças estruturais nas sociedades latino -americanas. Para o Brasil, como também para outros países, este objeto que apareceu nos anos sessenta - setenta tão claro e sólido não surgius, depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial, com o advento da Guerra Fria. Pode dizer - se que a preocupação com o perigo relacionado com um inimigo posicionado dentro do próprio território, já estava presente nos Governos populistas dos anos 30, se não antes. Isto não quer dizer que o “inimigo interno” dos anos 30 ou anteriores, corresponderia ao inimigo interno que vai ser o protagonista dos anos 60 e 70; mesmo encontrando semelhanças, eles envolvem diferentes lógicas de aparição. Estas diferenças salientam, portanto, a necessidade de, uma vez escolhido como objeto o inimigo, indagar sobre alguns temas, de entre os quais a relação entre a Instituição Militar e o Estado, entre o “mundo” militar e o mundo civil, bem como o conceito de segurança e o seu uso, mantendo bem claro que qualquer uma destas construções é histórica (sujeita, portanto, as mudanças do tempo) e que ganha seu sentido somente se posta em relação com as outras.

Research on import-substitution industrialisation (ISI) in Latin America continues to portray it as an aberration of state-led development inevitably condemned to failure and held up as an example of the mistakes scholars and policymakers must avoid. In this thesis, however, I show that this misunderstanding of a “model” that lasted several decades and brought gains to a wide array of socioeconomic actors is due to an inability of leading approaches – those that focus on institutions, ideas, and class – to understand the role of labour. Drawing on detailed primary and secondary empirical evidence on leading sectors in Chile and Argentina, my central claim is that workers determined the trajectories of ISI by contesting the effect of strategies pursued by firms and the state within the workplace. I show that ISI was no aberration, but that it comprised an intrinsically purposive set of strategies aimed at ameliorating or suppressing the real and potential resistance mobilised by workers. Through a novel theoretical synthesis, bringing into IPE innovations from critical labour relations theory, Marxist development studies, institutional theories of ideas, and Latin American labour history, I overcome the predominant perspective on labour that conceptualises workers' as inherently disruptive, but institutionally far weaker than other societal actors. The problem with such a view, I argue, is not that labour is absent, but rather that the way in which it has been understood leaves workers with little or no influence over a process that simply unfolded beyond their control. In this thesis, the result is a counter-narrative on the history of ISI in Chile and Argentina, with the relationship between measures aimed at establishing control over labour and the resistance this engendered firmly at the fore.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / The films studied were directed toward two age groups. The first, "Footsteps of the Pioneers" for elementary and junior high school boys (Boy Scout age) and the second, "This is Exploring" for high school students. Purpose. The purpose of the study was, first to measure the effectiveness of the films in communicating knowledge about and attitudes toward the two Scouting programs and secondly, to develop a simple but accurate measuring devise for use in evaluating films of this type. Data Collection. Research was carried out with boys of the recruitment ages in several public school systems throughout Monmouth County in New Jersey, under the auspices of the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America (Research Service) with the cooperation of the Monmouth Council of Oakhurst, New Jersey and the academic direction of the department of Public Relations at the School of Public Relations and Communications of Boston University [TRUNCATED]

The Xicaque, a people of colonial Honduras, confronted Spanish settlers who sought their acculturation through diverse strategies. When Spanish settlers implemented policies such as entrada, reducción or misión, the Xicaque or Xicaque capitanes responded with dissidence and flight. Despite the foundation of a few misiones the Xicaque progressively became avoidant of the Spanish settlers who continued to seek their change by Spanish policy, at the Spanish misiones or at their homelands. This aversion became more pronounced in 1751 when a smallpox epidemic decimated the Xicaque populations at the misiones. Aside from this general distrust that existed between the Spanish and the Xicaque, the Xicaque did engage in trade outside of the previously discussed channels made by Spanish policy. Yet, the overarching pattern of avoidance would characterize Xicaque/Spanish interaction until 1821. Unlike previous scholarship, this study of the Xicaque ethnohistory offers the most complete description of Xicaque culture during the colonial period. Furthermore, it analyzes interaction between the Xicaque and the Spanish since the inception of contact, circa 1676, towards 1821. The broadest range of contact between the Xicaque and the Spanish studied to date. / 1 / Roberto Rivera

acase@tulane.edu / This dissertation examines space in 21st century cultural artifacts from Latin America, including narrative and film. My contention is that cultural artifacts from Latin America oscillate between advocacy for cosmopolitan globality and contestation of globalizing forces, making space the theater of the political. I focus on the tension between the global and the national, and how space helps understand the way in which cultural products imagine globalization. The first chapter explains the concepts of ‘place’ and ‘non-place’ theorized by cultural anthropologist Marc Augé. Then, it uses Augé’s categories to examine the representation of the political tension between globalization and the nation-state in an analysis of the novel Zanahorias voladoras (2004) by the Colombian Antonio Ungar (1974-), by focusing on the relationship between trauma, nation and globalization. In the second chapter, I discuss the work of geographer Doreen Massey to explain the importance of understanding how globalization affects different subjectivities in different ways. Then, I analyze Passageiro do fim do dia (2010) by the Brazilian author Rubens Figueiredo (1956-), especially the space of a bus where most of the novel take place, as places of contestation to the globalizing processes that exclude certain subjectivities. Finally, I read the film El hombre de al lado (2009) by Argentine directors Mariano Cohn (1975-) and Gastón Duprat (1969-) as an allegory of the tension between the national and the global, highlighting spatiality and positionality as important categories to understand Latin American cultural production. The third chapter proposes an understanding of mobility using the category dislocated subjects, which I derive from work of sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. In Hotel Pekín (2008) by Colombian author Santiago Gamboa (1965-), the protagonist Frank Michalski is a dislocated subject due to the complex relationship to his past as a former Colombian national and his current life as a global-trotting executive. In Azul-Corvo (2010) by Brazilian writer Adriana Lisboa (1970-), the protagonist is a dislocated subject, as she moves from Brazil to the United States to look for her biological father. At the end, the novel proposes dislocation as a possible community of transnational, transcultural and multilingual identities. / 1 / Camilo A. Malagon

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1984. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [288]-316.

The aim of this dissertation is to analyze Latin American play texts (1970-2006), within their historical and geographical framework, under a queer theoretical lens. What I specifically focus my analysis on are destabilized identities through the play text's performative construction of gender as well as the theatricality. A queer theoretical dialogue not only breaks with the compulsory gay and feminist criticism, under which these plays have been categorized, but also allows for a (re)conceptualization of queer performativities in Latin American Theatre.