This study represents an attempt to model the disaggregation of daily rainfall at a point into individual storms for the summer rainy season in southeast Arizona. The purpose of the model is to simulate the number of storms per day and the amount, duration and time of occurrence of each event while maintaining daily statistics. Various storm ratios are introduced to describe the disaggregation of a daily amount into individual storm amounts. Marginal distributions are fit to the storm ratios and event starting times. On multiple-event days, starting times are obtained through the use of order statistics. Conditional distributions are fit to the number of storms per day, given a daily amount, and the duration of each event, given a storm amount. The simulated data compare favorably with the observed data. Statistical tests indicate that the model adequately transforms daily rainfall into a sequence of individual storms.

Three four-station chains of Askania Variographs were operated for periods of two months during 1965 and 1966 in British Columbia, New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma to form two magnetic depth-sounding profiles, one in western Canada, and the other in the south western U.S.A. Records were also obtained from some I.G.Y. stations and permanent magnetic observatories in the vicinity of the U.S.A. profile. Analyses of the records show that the inland geomagnetic variation anomaly observed by Hyndman (1963) at Kootenay Lake, B.C. reappears to the north between Golden and Johnston Canyon and that the anomaly which Schmucker (p.964) observed between Las Cruces and Cornudas, N.M. reappears to the north between Sayre and Norman, Okla. Power spectral ratios of the form "high-I station / low-I station" suggest that the main features of the subsurface electrical conductivity structures under both the Canadian end the U.S.A. profiles are very similar. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

The scientific evidence that humans are directly influencing the Earth’s natural climate is increasingly compelling. Numerous studies suggest that climate change will lead to changes in the seasonality of surface water availability thereby increasing the need for groundwater development to offset those shortages. Research shows that the Northeast region of the U.S. is experiencing changes to its’ natural climate and hydrologic systems. This study provides the first instrumental long-term regional compilation and analysis of the water table response to the last 60 years of climate in New England. This investigation will evaluate the physical mechanisms and underlying mechanisms, natural variability and response of New England aquifers to climate variability. Using 100 long term groundwater monitoring stations with 20 or more years of data coupled with 67 stream gages, 75 precipitation stations, and 43 temperature stations, several statistical analyses are performed. Groundwater trends are calculated as normalized anomalies and analyzed with respect to regional compiled precipitation, temperature, and streamflow anomalies to understand the sensitivity of the aquifer systems to change. Trend, regression, correlation and spectral analysis are preformed on groundwater data to identify statistical relationships with climate variables, hydrogeologic properties and the hydrologic setting. Results suggest that regionally, New England aquifers respond strongly to annual and decadal changes in climate. Coherence in the relationship between groundwater and climate variables exists with a second order variability related to the hydrogeologic setting. The trend and regression analysis demonstrate that water level fluctuations are producing statistically significant results with increasing water levels over at least the past thirty years at most well sites. Long term cycles within the groundwater data suggest teleconnections with known sea surface temperature or pressure fluctuations such as ENSO, NAO, IPO and QBO. Anomalies of groundwater data within various geologic settings suggest that watershed characteristics; such as the surficial geology and topography of the region, play a role in the evolution of water levels in New England. These results have major implications for not only water management but the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and tourism industries as they all depend on the quantity and quality of water resources of the region.

Code anomalies, also known as code smells, are any characteristics in software code that indicate amore severe problem exists deep in the code. These anomalies do not always prevent a system fromfunctioning, but they can restrict development and increase the difficulty of maintaining the software.The idea of code anomalies in conventional software is the subject of many research papers. However,very few explicitly examine web application anomalies and offer solutions to web applicationanomalies. Additionally, there aren't enough studies looking at whether anomalies found inconventional software systems can also be found in web applications. Web application code anomaliesmay potentially differ from traditional software systems in a few ways. For instance, web applicationshave a client-server architecture that can create unique challenges for communication between theclient and server. This may result in code anomalies that relate to network delays or resource-intensiveoperations. Additionally, web applications often rely on third-party libraries and frameworks, whichcan introduce additional code anomalies. This study aims to fill the gaps mentioned above byinvestigating code anomalies in web applications using a systemic mapping study. This study usessystematic mapping to collect and analyze literature through predefined criteria and procedures.Furthermore, this study provides an overview of approaches and tools that can identify and detectanomalies, determine where code anomalies occur, and whether refactoring has been considered. Theresults of this study show that there’s a wide array of techniques to detect anomalies, code anomaliesoccur everywhere. Refactoring is a technique to solve code anomalies and while there are alreadymany refactoring techniques cataloged for traditional software, there is a lack of refactoringsspecifically cataloged for web applications.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Yes / Congenital anomalies (CAs) are a common cause of infant death and disability. We linked children from a large birth cohort to a routine primary care database to detect CA diagnoses from birth to age 5 years. There could be evidence of underreporting by CA registries as they estimate that only 2% of CA registrations occur after age 1 year. Methods CA cases were identified by linking children from a prospective birth cohort to primary care records. CAs were classified according to the European Surveillance of CA guidelines. We calculated rates of CAs by using a bodily system group for children aged 0 to <5 years, together with risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs for maternal risk factors. Results Routinely collected primary care data increased the ascertainment of children with CAs from 432.9 per 10 000 live births under 1 year to 620.6 per 10 000 live births under 5 years. Consanguinity was a risk factor for Pakistani mothers (multivariable RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.83), and maternal age >34 years was a risk factor for mothers of other ethnicities (multivariable RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.54). Education was associated with a lower risk (multivariable RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.98). Conclusion 98% of UK CA registrations relate to diagnoses made in the first year of life. Our data suggest that this leads to incomplete case ascertainment with a further 30% identified after age 1 year in our study. Risk factors for CAs identified up to age 1 year persist up to 5 years. National registries should consider using routine data linkage to provide more complete case ascertainment after infancy. / Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care Yorkshire and Humber programme ‘Healthy Children Healthy Families Theme’ (IS-CLA-0113–10020).

Les anomalies chromosomiques peuvent être classées en anomalies de nombre et en anomalies de structure. L’identification des remaniements chromosomiques de structure est facilitée par les techniques de caryotypage à haute résolution et de cytogénétique moléculaire. L’utilisation de ces techniques a été essentielle pour la détection et la caractérisation de deux anneaux issus du même chromosome 22 diagnostiqués en période prénatale. Une amniocentèse a été effectuée à 163/7 semaines chez une femme de 39 ans pour âge maternel avancé. Après investigation, la formule chromosomique du fœtus a été déterminée: 47, XY, r(22)(p11.1p11.2), +r(22)(q11.1q13.31). L’anomalie chromosomique d’origine maternelle est survenue de novo. Le nombre de cellules foetales circulant dans le sang maternel est de 10 cellules par ml. Ce premier cas de deux anneaux constitutionnels du chromosome 22 est un exemple exceptionnel de monosomie partielle avec très peu de manifestations cliniques, malgré la richesse en gènes du segment délété. / Objective: Cytogenetic and molecular genetic characterization of two constitutional ring chromosomes 22 identified during prenatal diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A 39 year-old woman, G4P2A1, had amniocentesis at 163/7 weeks of gestation. Conventional and molecular cytogenetic studies with microsatellite analysis of the fetal and parental cells were performed. Results: The fetus had two ring chromosomes derived from chromosome 22 with three breakpoints: one located at the centromere, another, at the p11.2 subband and the third, at the q13.31 subband. The distal part of the two derivative chromosomes was lost. Then, two rings resulted: a small and a large one. The small ring was formed by joining the end of p11.2 subband to a portion of the centromere; the other by joining the second part of the centromere to the end of q13.31 subband. The male fetus presents the following karyotype: 47, XY, r(22)(p11.1p11.2), +r(22)(q11.1q13.31). The proband’s chromosome aberration occurred de novo from the maternal chromosome. At the autopsy, the fetus showed minor clinical features. The number of fetal nucleated blood cells detected in peripheral maternal circulation, showing positive signals for Y chromosome and DiGeorge/VCF.TUPLE1 probes and absence of ARSA control signal, was 10 cells per mL. Conclusion: Despite the haploinsufficiency of many active genes, the fetus showed minor congenital malformations.