Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1947. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Elizabeth Schroedl, for the Master of Science degree in Chemistry, presented on June 26, 2017, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: DETERMINATION OF VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS VIA POLAR ORGANIC COMPOUND INTEGRATD SAMPLING (POCIS) MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Gary Kinsel A growing concern in the environment is the occurrence of antibiotics in our water systems. Antibiotics are used extensively in veterinary practices on mass production animal farms. The primary mode of transport of antibiotics into the water systems is waste-water runoff from animal lots and agricultural fields. Passive sampling systems can be deployed to monitor the amount of antibiotics entering the water systems. This paper compares the use of a commercially available passive sampling device to a home-built device using Oasis HLB sorbent disks in order to validate a less expensive method of monitoring antibiotics in water systems. The home-built device was exposed to water spiked with various concentrations of antibiotics lincomycin and oxytetracycline over a period of 10 days. Disks were extracted and sampled at days 3, 7 and 10 using LCMS detection. The mean (n=9) result for lincomycin percent recovery using HLB disks was 86% with a sampling rate of 0.02550 mL/day and 62% for oxytetracycline with a sampling rate of 0.01745 mL/day. The commercial device was exposed to various concentrations of the antibiotics for 7 days. The mean (n=3) percent recovery for lincomycin was 104% with sampling rate of 0.03204 mL/day, and 74% for oxytetracycline with a sampling rate of 0.02262 mL/day. Results between days were inconsistent; however both devices followed the same trend at each concentration. With additional investigation, the home-build device is a valid alternative to the commercially available device for monitoring antibiotics in water systems.

No description available.

No description available.

The aim of the study was the determination of neomycin and streptomycin aminoglycoside antibiotics in bovine kidney tissue at trace levels. The aminoglycosides contain no chromophore making detection difficult by conventional spectrophotometric detection and are highly polar making separation from tissue samples a multistep clean-up procedure.

Sulfonamide antibiotics have a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and are frequently incorporated in feeds as a practical method for the prevention or treatment of a variety of so-called "confinement diseases" in animals, mainly pigs. They are also used at sub-therapeutic levels as growth promoters. Sulfamethazine has historically been the drug of choice for farmers because of its low cost and proven efficacy. However, there are concerns because of the possible presence of residues of the drug in meat.

The overuse of antibiotics and consequent resistance is a common problem in medical practice worldwide. Switch therapy is a technique that can be applied to streamline antibiotic therapy reducing unnecessary prolonged Intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic switch therapy has several other benefits such as: decreasing length of hospital stay; decreasing the incidence of adverse events associated with the administration of IV antibiotics; decreasing direct and indirect hospitalisation costs while improving patients’ comfort and mobility; and decreasing the risk of acquiring nosocomial infections. Certain elements are required to make the implementation of any guideline, including a switch therapy guideline, a success and probably one of the most important is the support from a motivated multidisciplinary team. The role of such a team, in the South African context, would be filled by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (PTC). In addition, to make a guideline successful it should be continuously implemented. This responsibility traditionally falls to a pharmacist. In the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA) pharmacists are used to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals as this has shown to have several economic advantages. The objectives of the study were: to determine, by means of a survey, whether guidelines for IV to oral switch were employed in South African regional, tertiary and national government hospitals; to design and implement an IV to oral antibiotic switch therapy (IVOST) guideline for a local public sector tertiary level hospital; to evaluate the effectiveness of guideline implementation; and to capture, via a questionnaire, the perceptions of prescribers regarding antibiotic prescribing, including switch therapy. The Survey of Current IV Switch Therapy Practice Questionnaire was distributed to Responsible Pharmacists at regional, provincial tertiary and national central government hospitals to determine whether IVOST guidelines were employed in South African government hospitals. Following the survey, an IVOST Guideline was designed by the researcher in consultation with the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pharmacy. The IVOST Guideline was implemented following approval by the PTC at a local tertiary level government hospital. A presentation was held for prescribers, guideline documents were distributed, posters were placed in the medical wards and the ward pharmacist/researcher integrated the guideline into daily practice by placing “reminder stickers” in patient medical folders. A pre-implementation audit and two post-implementation audits, each consisting of 150 patient medical records, were conducted and compared to determine the effect of IVOST guideline implementation on prescribing patterns and to determine whether any changes could be sustained. The Prescriber Antibiotic Survey was then conducted to capture the perceptions of prescribers regarding antibiotic therapy, including switch therapy.