Objetivo: Determinar la Amplitud de distribución eritrocitaria-RDW según la severidad de pacientes con sepsis y sin sepsis hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos médico quirúrgica del HNERM Octubre – Diciembre 2013. Material y Métodos: Estudio de diseño analítico, tipo transversal; se estudiara a toda la población hospitalizada en el Departamento de UCI con y sin sepsis y pacientes que serán operados electivamente de cirugía Cardiaca, cirugía de Whipple y pacientes neurológicos. Se describirá mediante un análisis descriptivo la edad, género y foco séptico; de la Historia Clínica se determinará si el paciente cumple criterios de sepsis y se determinará si es sepsis severa, shock séptico o disfunción multiórganica (DMO); en el hemograma de ingreso se tomarán los valores de RDW, Hemoglobina (Hb), Hematocrito (Hct) y Volumen Corpuscular Medio (VCM), finalmente se calculará el APACHE II y SOFA. Resultados: De los 61 pacientes seleccionados, 30 fueron catalogados como controles y 31 como casos, estos últimos se subdividieron según la severidad de sepsis, 6 como sepsis, 13 como sepsis severa, 10 como shock séptico, y 2 como DMO. Respecto a los datos demográficos hubieron 46(75%) varones y 15(25%) mujeres; en los grupos de edades de 20 a 59 años hubieron 20(33%) y de 60 a más hubieron 41(67%). Se evidencia una diferencia significativa comparando el valor del RDW de los pacientes sin sepsis y con sepsis según severidad (p= 0.000, IC 95%), la mediana del RDW en los pacientes controles fue de 13.7%, en los pacientes con sepsis 15.5%, con sepsis severa 15.6%, con shock séptico 16% y con DMO 16.15%.Al comparar el valor del RDW con el APACHE II en el grupo de pacientes sépticos se encuentra una correlación moderada r: 0.546 con un (p=0.002, IC 95%), no se encontró esta relación con el SOFA. Finalmente la media de Hb en pacientes sin sepsis fue 11.8 gr/dl, con sepsis 11.4 gr/dl, con sepsis severa 9.5 gr/dl, con shock séptico 8.9 gr/dl y con DMO 7.9 gr/dl. Conclusiones: El RDW es de utilidad para medir la severidad de la sepsis según parámetros clínicos. Hay correlación entre el aumento del RDW y el APACHE II.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-05T12:36:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO - PDF.pdf: 2251235 bytes, checksum: d623bcf1a9c6bdbd9fbc0e04aed9e8ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T12:36:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO - PDF.pdf: 2251235 bytes, checksum: d623bcf1a9c6bdbd9fbc0e04aed9e8ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 / Referencial: A população mundial tem mostrado um crescente aumento no número de pessoas idosas nas últimas décadas. Pacientes idosos internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) apresentam taxas de mortalidade e custos elevados. A mortalidade em curto prazo tem sido relacionada à gravidade da doença de base aferida através de escores, que fornecem parâmetros para o acompanhamento clínico e prognóstico do paciente. Entre esses escores destacam-se o Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) e o Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3), amplamente utilizados. A avaliação do prognóstico dos pacientes idosos internados em UTIs é necessária, pois permite melhorar o cuidado com esses pacientes. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os fatores associados à mortalidade e comparar os escores APACHE II e SAPS 3 em pacientes idosos internados em UTI. Métodos: Foram consecutivamente acompanhados 174 pacientes idosos internados em um período de doze meses na UTI. Foram analisados adicionalmente ao APACHE II e SAPS 3 como possíveis fatores associados à mortalidade a presença de hiperglicemia de estresse, a necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva, a presença de insuficiência renal aguda, o nível de consciência rebaixado e o uso de vasopressores. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da análise dos prontuários dos pacientes e entrevista com os familiares e as informações foram inseridas em ficha padrão com as variáveis necessárias ao estudo e aferição dos escores APACHE II e SAPS 3. Os desfechos estudados foram óbito e alta hospitalar. Resultados: A mortalidade na UTI e hospitalar (UTI e após alta da UTI) da população estudada foi, respectivamente, de 17,8% e 29,8%. A análise multivariada mostrou que a Ventilação Mecânica Invasiva (VMI), Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) e Pressão Arterial Média (PAM) foram fatores associados positivamente ao SAPS 3 e VMI e DPOC foram fatores associados positivamente ao APACHE II na predição de óbito hospitalar. O APACHE II e o SAPS 3 tiveram médias de 19,1 e 43,6 pontos, respectivamente. O estudo demonstrou que o APACHE II e o SAPS 3 apresentaram aceitável discriminação, calibração adequada e a mortalidade observada foi maior que a predita. Conclusão: Nos pacientes idosos internados na UTI, necessidade de VMI, portadores de DPOC e PAM < 70 mmHg foram preditores de pior evolução hospitalar. O desempenho do APACHE II foi semelhante ao do SAPS 3 em pacientes idosos internados em UTI. / Reference: The world's population has shown a steady increase in the number of older people in recent decades. Older patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) present high mortality rates and costs. Short-term mortality has been related to the severity of the baseline disease measured by scores that provide parameters for clinical monitoring and prognosis. Among those scores stand out from the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3), widely used. The evaluation of the prognosis of ICU elderly patients is necessary because it allows better care for these patients. The objectives of this study were to identify the associated factors with mortality and compare the APACHE II and SAPS 3 in elderly patients admitted to the ICU. Methods: We consecutively followed 174 elderly patients admitted to a period of twelve months in the ICU. We additionally analyzed the APACHE II and SAPS 3 as possible factors associated with mortality in the presence of stress hyperglycemia, the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, acute renal failure, lowered level of consciousness and the use of vasopressors. Data collection was performed by analyzing patients' records and interviews with family members and the information was entered in standard form with the variables needed to study and measurement of APACHE II and SAPS 3. The outcomes studied were death and hospital discharge. Results: Mortality in the ICU and hospital (ICU and after discharge from the ICU) of the study population was, respectively, 17.8% and 29.8%. Multivariate analysis showed that Invasive mechanical ventilation (IVM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) were factors positively associated to the SAPS 3 and IVM and COPD were factors positively associated to the APACHE II in hospital mortality prediction. The APACHE II and SAPS 3 had averages of 19.1 and 43.6 points respectively. The study showed that the APACHE II and SAPS 3 had acceptable discrimination, proper calibration and observed mortality was higher than predicted. Conclusion: In elderly patients admitted to the ICU, need for IMV, COPD and MAP <70 mmHg were predictive of worse hospital outcomes. The performance of the APACHE II was similar to the SAPS 3 in elderly patients admitted to the ICU.

The purpose of this research was to determine if significant differences exist between the APACHE II scores of intubated mechanically ventilated patients who ultimately received a tracheostomy and those who did not. In addition to this inquiry, the study also investigated the possibility of a range of APACHE II scores, a particular age group, and the presence of chronic organ insufficiencies and their relationship to the tracheostomy result. Methodology was non-experimental, quantitative, and retrospective. It was observational in that the goal was to simply record and quantify the potential association between these variables. Data was obtained from patients at Bristol Regional Medical Center from January 1- August 31, 2011. Information was calculated using descriptive statistics and the t-test for independent samples. Participants included all intubated mechanically ventilated patients who were at least eighteen years of age with a documented APACHE II score in the allotted time frame. There were 468 total patients, 79 (16.9%) of which received a tracheostomy. The mean APACHE II score for patients who received a tracheostomy was 21.8354 as compared to the mean APACHE II score of 21.6735 for those who were extubated. There was no significant difference between the APACHE II scores of these groups. The tracheostomy group had the highest frequency of patients with APACHE II scores of less than 25 and a range of 20-29. 84.8% of tracheostomy patients had some form of chronic organ dysfunction. Respiratory failure was the most frequent admitting diagnosis for all 468 patients and respiratory insufficiency was the most prevalent co-morbidity for the tracheostomy patients. The age range that included more tracheostomy patients was 65-74. 40% of re-intubated patients eventually received a tracheostomy and 69.6% of tracheostomy patients had the procedure performed early (within the first seven days of intubation). The managerial team of this respiratory therapy department decided to stop calculating the APACHE II score on all intubated patients in an attempt to save time and staff resources.

<p>Uvod: Učestalost akutne renalne insuficijencije, odnosno akutnog bubrežnog o&scaron;tećenja u jedinicama intenzivnog lečenja se kreće od 36 do 66 %. Akutno bubrežno o&scaron;tećenje povi&scaron;ava smrtnost, trajanje hospitalizacije i ukupne tro&scaron;kove lečenja. Ranije prepoznavanje prediktivnih faktora za nastanak akutnog bubrežnog o&scaron;tećenja može da ima značajan uticaj na pravovremeno započinjanje terapijskih mera i smanjivanje mortaliteta kod kritično obolelih. Cilj istraživanja: Utvrditi incidencu akutnog bubrežnog o&scaron;tećenja na Odeljenju reanimacije Urgentnog centra Kliničkog centra Vojvodine tokom 2011.godine, učestalost sepse kao etiolo&scaron;kog faktora i značajne prediktivne faktore za nastanak akutnog bubrežnog o&scaron;tećenja koji se javljaju u toku prvih 24 časa lečenja na odeljenju intenzivnog lečenja. Metodologija: Retrospektivno-prospektivna opservaciona studija uključila je uzorak od 251 ispitanika koji su se lečili na dva odeljenja intenzivnog lečenja u Kliničkom centru Vojvodine tokom 2010, 2011, i prvih 6 meseci 2012.godine. Iz medicinske dokumentacije (istorije bolesti, dnevne terapijske liste i liste vitalnih i laboratorijskih parametara) za svakog ispitanika je verifikovano prisutvo ili odsustvo potencijalnog prediktivnog faktora. Zatim je zabeležena pojava akutnog bubrežnog o&scaron;tećenja prema RIFLE kriterijumima. Statistička analiza je izvr&scaron;ena pomoću statističkog paketa IBM SPSS 20 Statistics. Podaci su predstavljeni tabelarno i grafički, a statistička značajnost određivana je na nivou p&lt; 0,05. Prikupljeni podaci su obrađeni standardnim statističkim testovima. Za izvođenje modela predviđanja primenjena je multivarijatna logistička regresija. Određene su granične tačke na osnovu ROC analize za dobijene značajne prediktore iz multivarijacione logističke regresije i izračunati su pridruženi bodovi koji bi činili skoring sistem za utvrđivanje rizika od nastanka akutnog bubrežnog o&scaron;tećenja. Rezultati: Incidenca akutnog bubrežnog o&scaron;tećenja na Odeljenju reanimacije Urgentnog centra Kliničkog centra Vojvodine u Novom Sadu kod bolesnika koji su hospitalizovani najkraće 48 časova u toku 2011.godine je 32 %. Rezna tačka (cut off value) zapremine provocirane diureze jedan čas nakon intravenskog davanja bolusa furosemida od 0,165 ml/kg telesne mase/čas/po miligramu datog furosemida ima najvi&scaron;u senzitivnost (82,3 %) i specifičnost (67,5 %) u diferenciranju bolesnika koji će razviti ABO. Konačni model predloženog skoring sistema sa ulogom predikcije nastanka ABO nakon 24 časa lečenja bolesnika na odeljenju intenzivnog lečenja sadrži sledeće varijable: starost vi&scaron;u od 53 godine, vrednost APACHE skora vi&scaron;u od 16, prosečnu diurezu prvih 6 časova hospitalizacije nižu od 0,875 ml/kg/h, primenu vazopresora, kalijemiju vi&scaron;u od 4,5 mmol/l i koncentraciju laktata iznad 2 mmol/l. Zaključak: Incidenca akutnog bubrežnog o&scaron;tećenja na Odeljenju reanimacije Urgentnog centra Kliničkog centra Vojvodine je slična literaturnim podacima. Bolesnici koji su stariji, imaju vi&scaron;e vrednosti APACHE II skora, nižu prosečnu zapreminu diureze u toku prvih 6 časova po prijemu, koji primaju vazopresorne medikamente, imaju vi&scaron;u koncentraciju kalijuma i vi&scaron;e koncentracije laktata u toku prvih 24 časa lečenja imaju veću &scaron;ansu da razviju akutno bubrežno o&scaron;tećenje.</p> / <p>Introduction: The incidence of acute renal insufficiency (acute kidney injury) in intensive care unit is between 36 and 66 %. Acute kidney injury is responsible for higher mortality, longer hospitalization and higher costs. Earlier recognition of acute kidney injury predictive factors could have important impact on right timing of therapeutic measures and lower mortality in critically ill patients. Aims: investigate the incidence of acute kidney injury during 2011. in patients who are hospitalized at Department of reanimation of Emergency centre, Clinical centre of Vojvodina, incidence of acute kidney injury caused by sepsis in the same period and detect acute kidney injury occurrence predicitive factors Methodology: This retrospective-prospective observational study investigated 251 critically ill patients-study subjects who were treated at two intensive care departments in Clinical centre of Vojvodina during 2010, 2011 and first six months of 2012. Potential predictive factors were identified out of medical records (patient history, daily therapeutic lists, vital parameters and laboratory values lists); the occurrence of acute kidney injury was noted according to RIFLE criteria. IBM SPSS version 20 was used for statistical analysis, standard statystical test were applied. The results were presented in tables and graphs, statystical significance was set at p value of less than 0,05. Multivariate logistic regression model was used for potential predictive factors. Statystically important factors were identified and their best sensitivity and specificity cut-off values were found using ROC curve analysis.; These cut-off values were used for creating a scoring system that determines the risk for acute kidney injury occurrence. Results: The incidence of acute kidney injury at Department of reanimation, Clinical centre of Vojvodina in patients who were hospitalized at least 48 hours was 32 % during 2011. The cut off value of provoked hourly urine output during first hour after furosemide intravenous bolus of 0.165 ml/kg body weight/h/miligram of administered furosemide has the highest sensitivity (82.3 %) and specifity (67.5 %) in differentiation of patients who would develop acute kidney injury and those who would not. The final suggested model of scoring system with the role of acute kidney injury prediction after 24 hours of treatment contains the next variables: age higher than 53 years, APACHE II score higher than 16, avarage hourly urine output during first 6 hours after ICU admission less than 0,875 ml/kg BW/h, vasopressor medication administration, blood potassium concentration higher than 4,5 mmol/l, lactates higher than 2 mmol/l after 24 hours of treatment. Conclusion: The incidence of acute kidney injury at Department of reanimation of Emergency centre, Clinical centre of Vojvodina is similar to world literature references. Critically ill patients who are more likely to develop acute kidney injury are older, have higher APACHE II score values, lower avarage urine output in the first 6 hours after ICU admission, are administered vasopressor medication, have higher blood potassium and lactate concentration in the first 24 hours of their treatment.</p>