Abstract This thesis considers some linear and nonlinear time series models. In the linear case, the analysis of a large number of short time series generated by a first order autoregressive type model is considered. The conditional and exact maximum likelihood procedures are developed to estimate parameters. Simulation results are presented and compare the bias and the mean square errors of the parameter estimates. In Chapter 3, five important nonlinear models are considered and their time series properties are discussed. The estimating function approach for nonlinear models is developed in detail in Chapter 4 and examples are added to illustrate the theory. A simulation study is carried out to examine the finite sample behavior of these proposed estimates based on the estimating functions.

Calif., Stanford Univ., Dep. of Statistics, Diss.--Stanford, 2003. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Köln, 1999. / Literaturverz. S. 168 - 193.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed on June 26, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Literaturverz.

Orientador: Maria Rita Pacheco / Banca: Márcia Rita Fernandes Machado / Banca: Lucia Helena Vasques / Resumo: Aterosclerose é um condição inflamatória fibro-proliferativa crônica associada à produção de espécies oxidantes. O composto fenólico resveratrol encontrado principalmente na uva e no vinho tinto, parece ter atividades cardioprotetoras previnindo a oxidação de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade. Neste estudo investigou-se o efeito do resveratrol na prevenção da ateromatose induzida por meio de estudos morfológicos e morfométricos do arco aórtico, bem como observação do perfil bioquímico sérico de HDL, LDL, triglicerídeos e colesterol total. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 coelhos divididos em quatro grupos os quais receberam as seguintes dietas durante 60 dias: grupo controle (CT) ração normal; grupo resveratrol (R) raçao normal e resveratrol na dose de 3 mg/Kg/dia; grupo colesterol (CL) ração acrescida de 1,5% de colesterol; grupo (CR) tratado com ração acrescida de 1,5% de colesterol e administração simultânea de resveratrol na dose de 3mg/Kg/dia. Na análise morfologica os animais do grupo CT e R não apresentaram alterações nas túnicas íntima, média e adventícia. Os animais do grupo CL apresentaram lesões ateroscleróticas com espessamento da íntima e invasão da média. Os animais do grupo CR também apresentaram lesões invadindo a íntima e média porém estas encontravam-se mais organizadas. O estudo morfométrico revelou maior espessamento da íntima no grupo CL, na camada média não foi observado diferença entre os grupos CL e CR. A avaliação do perfil lipídico dos animais dos grupos CL e CR revelou valores aumentados porém sem diferença entre estes grupos. Houve diferença quando comparados com os grupos que receberam uma dieta normal...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a chronic fibro proliferative inflammatory disease associate to the production of reactive oxygen species. Resveratrol, a phenolic compound present in red wine and grape seems to prevent cardiovascular diseases by protecting low density lipoprotein from oxidation. The present study tested wheter resveratrol would provide any benefit in the prevention of induced atheroma lesions through morphologic, morphometric studies in the aortic arch and HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride lipid levels. A total of 20 rabbits were divided into 4 groups during 60 days: group CT was given normal diet, group R normal diet with resveratrol at a dose of 3 mg/Kg/day, group CL normal diet supplemented with 1,5% cholesterol, group CR normal diet supplemented with 1,5% cholesterol with resveratrol at a dose of 3 mg/Kg/day. Morphologic analysis of the rabbit group CT and R didn't show lesion in intima, media and adventitia tunicas in the aortic arch. Rabbits fed with a hypercholesterolemic diet show atherosclerotic lesions with thickness of intima and invasion of the media. Severity of atherosclerosis lesions was significantly reduced in group CR and lesions were more organized, and media was also affected. Morphometry study revealed that the intima of aortic arch in CL animals was thickner than CR animals. The media didn't show difference between CL and CR groups. Lipid measurements of hypercholesterolemic rabbits showed a significant increase in serum levels but there weren't differences between CL and CR group, there were differences when compared to those fed a regular diet...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

This thesis consists of three studies that cover topics in inflation and output growth, and their uncertainties in G7 and developing countries. We utilise the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Industrial Price Index (IPI) as proxies for the inflation rate (price level) and the growth rate (output), respectively. Chapter 2 considers the case of three developing countries Turkey, Egypt and Syria. We analyse the inflation and growth using asymmetric PGARCH model. In accordance with this, we estimate all the models using two alternative distributions the normal and Student’s t. Moreover, dummy variables are chosen in the inflation data according to some economic events in Turkey, Egypt and Syria. Even more, the mean equation is adjusted to include these dummy variables on the intercept. To summarize, the results show an evidence of the Cukierman–Meltzer (1986) hypothesis, which is labelled as the ‘opportunistic Fed’ by Grier and Perry (1998), in Egypt and Syria. On the other hand, an evidence of the Holland (1995) hypothesis is obtained in Turkey, this result suggests that the ‘stabilizing Fed’ notion is plausible. Moreover, an evidence for the first leg of Friedman (1977) hypothesis is obtained in Egypt and Turkey. Chapter 3 examines the causal relationship between inflation and output growth, and their variabilities for G7 countries by applying the bivariate constant conditional correlation CCC – GARCH (1,1)-ML models. Moreover, we employ the models including dummy variables in the mean equations to investigate the impact of economic events on inflation and output. Briefly, there are evidences of the second leg of Friedman (1977) hypothesis in the US, UK, Germany, Italy, France and Canada while there is an evidence of Dotsey and Sarte (2000) in Japan. In addition, there are evidences for positive effect of inflation uncertainty on inflation in the US, Germany, Japan and France in line of Cukierman and Meltzer (1986) hypothesis. Moreover, the results of estimation CCC-GARCH (1,1) in mean models including dummy variables highlight a strong support for the two legs of Friedman (1977) hypothesis and Cukierman and Meltzer (1986). Lastly, Chapter 4 is based on examining the inflation rates for three developing countries Turkey, Syria and Egypt by applying the Bai and Perron (2003) breakpoint specification technique in the monthly inflation data of our sample. As a result, three possible break points for each of the inflation rates in the conditional variance have been determined. In addition, we employ GARCH model to control the breaks in the conditional mean and variance equations. To conclude, the autoregressive coefficients seem to cause a statistically significant impact on the breaks only in the case of Turkey, also, the parameters of the mean equation show time varying characteristics across three breaks. As far as the conditional variance is concerned the ARCH parameter (?) shows no time varying behaviour while for the GARCH parameter only one significant break seems to impact the inflation rate in Syria.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:30:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVANA ALLEGRINI KAIRALLA.pdf: 1775688 bytes, checksum: da74346270b39d05d5fd1f47b58700f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-30 / This study aims to determine the shapes and dimensions of dental arches to define the shape of a straight wire dental arch that could be used in lingual technique. The sample consisted of 70 white Brazilian individuals with normal occlusion and who had at least four of the six keys to normal occlusion as defined by Andrews. This sample was composed of 40% male and 60% female subjects (28 men and 42 women), with an average age of 16,4. The maxilla and mandible dental arch models were (3D) scanned and the images were analyzed in the Delcam Power SHAPE® 2010 software (Birmingham, U.K.). Points on the lingual surfaces of the teeth were selected and 14 measurements were outlined to determine the sizes and shapes of the dental arches. The Shapiro-Wilk Test enabled the definition of the small arch shape, using the 25th percentile (P25%); the average percentile for the medium arch, and a large one defined through the 75th percentile (P75%). Student t-test verified whether there were differences between male and female sexes and 12 dental arch sizes were found (6 for female sex and 6 for male sex). For all the statistical tests, the significance level used was of 5% (p<0,05). From the results found, it was possible to determine the straight-wire arch shape to be used in the LSW technique (Lingual Straight Wire) - a parabola-shaped arch -, slightly flattened on its anterior portion. And, due to the similarities found among the different dental arch sizes, shown by sexual dimorphism, we were able to create a more simplified diagram chart for dental arches. / Este estudo objetiva encontrar a forma e dimensão de arcos dentais para definir a forma de um arco contínuo que possa ser utilizado na técnica lingual. A amostra foi composta de 70 indivíduos brasileiros, leucodermas, com oclusão normal natural, que apresentaram no mínimo quatro das seis chaves de oclusão de Andrews. Esta amostra possui 40% de indivíduos do sexo masculino (28 homens) e 60% do sexo feminino (42 mulheres) com idade média de 16,4a. Os modelos dos arcos dentais da maxila e mandíbula foram digitalizados (3D) e as imagens exportadas para o software Delcam Power SHAPE® 2010 (Birmingham, U.K.). Foram selecionados pontos nas superfícies linguais dos dentes e traçadas 14 medidas para determinar a forma e a dimensão do arco dental. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk possibilitou definir uma forma de arco pequeno utilizando o percentil 25% (P25%), um arco médio (média) e uma forma de arco grande pelo percentil 75% (P75%). O teste t-student comparou se houve uma diferença entre os sexos, e foram encontrados 12 tamanhos de arcos dentais (6 para o sexo feminino e 6 para o sexo masculino). Em todos os testes estatísticos foi adotado nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi possível definir uma forma de arco contínuo para ser utilizado na técnica Lingual Straight Wire (LSW) - parábola levemente achatada na região anterior - e, devido à similaridade entre alguns tamanhos de arcos dentais, encontrados pelo dimorfismo sexual, pôde ser elaborado um diagrama de arcos de maneira mais simplificada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:31:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCOS FELIPE NUNES.pdf: 1735094 bytes, checksum: d669294ec64b8766711cb109225668d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-23 / This study evaluated the transverse dimensions of the mandibular dental arches in individuals with different facial patterns. The sample was made up by right lateral cephalograms and dental casts of 33 Caucasian individuals of both sexes, aged between 13 and 25 years in the stage of permanent dentition. The Facial Pattern was obtained through a subjective facial analysis on frontal and profile photographs of 1.500 orthodontic documentations, using the cephalometric analysis by means of ANB angle to define the Skeletal Pattern, which should agree with the Angle malocclusion classification. The sample was divided into three groups: Group 1 - Pattern I, Class I of Angleand ANB 2.0o (±0.5o); Group 2 - Pattern II, Class II division 1 of Angle and ANB&#8805; 4.0o, and Group III Pattern III, Class III of Angle and ANB&#8805; - 4.5o. Transversal arch dimensions were measured after 3D digitizing (Scanning Dental Wings) of the cast models, from which were set the transverse distances intercanine, inter-first premolars, inter-second premolars, and inter-first molar mesial and distal cusps, inter-second molar mesial and distal cusps, by using the software Geomagic Studio® 12. The mean values and standard deviation of the transverse dimensions were obtained and to compare the three groups, an analysis of variance and Tukey s post-hoc test were applied.For all statistical tests, the significance level was set at 5% (p<0.05). A statistical difference was detected for 2 of the 14 transverse dimensions evaluated in the maxillary arch in the mesial region of the second molar (p=0.024), and in the mandibular arch, in the distal region of the first molar (p=0.047). The mandibular dental arches were similar for the three studied groups. / O presente estudo avaliou as dimensões transversais dos arcos dentais mandibulares em indivíduos com diferentes padrões faciais. A amostra foi constituída por telerradiografias em norma lateral direita e modelos em gesso de 33 indivíduos, leucodermas, em ambos os sexos, com idade entre 13 e 25 anos, na fase de dentição permanente. O Padrão Facial foi obtido pela análise facial subjetiva em fotografias frontal e de perfil de 1500 documentações ortodonticas, foi utilizada análise cefalométrica por meio do ângulo ANB para confirmar o padrão esquelético, o qual deveria coincidir com a classificação de maloclusão de Angle. A amostra foi dividida em três grupos: Grupo I Padrão I, Classe I de Angle e ANB 2,0 o ±0,5o; Grupo II Padrão II, Classe II divisão 1 de Angle e ANB &#8805; 4,0, e Grupo III Padrão III, Classe III de Angle e ANB &#8805; - 4,5o. As dimensões transversais do arco foram mensuradas após a digitalização dos modelos em gesso pelo Scanner Dental Wings (3D), a partir dos quais foram estabelecidas as distâncias transversais intercanino, inter 1º PM, inter 2º PM, inter 1º M (cúspide mesial e distal), inter 2º M (cúspide mesial e distal), com o auxílio do software Geomagic Studio® 12. As médias e desvio padrão das dimensões transversais foram obtidas, e, para comparação entre os três grupos foi utilizado a Análise de Variância e teste de Tukey. Em todos os testes estatísticos foi adotado nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Houve diferença estatística em duas dimensões transversais das 14 avaliadas no arco maxilar na região mesial do segundo molar (p=0,024) e no mandibular na região distal do primeiro molar (p=0,047). Os arcos dentais mandibulares foram semelhantes nos três grupos estudados.

A Bacia dos Parecis é uma bacia intracratônica, com uma área de 500.000 km2 na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Ocupa a porção sul-sudeste do Cráton Amazônico, tendo este como maior parte de seu embasamento. Acumula mais de 6.000 m de sedimentos, relacionados ao Paleozoico, Mesozoico e Cenozoico. O registro mesozoico inclui unidades sedimentares e vulcânicas. O registro cretácico da Bacia dos Parecis consiste em duas sequências sedimentares com assinaturas deposicionais distintas. Essas sequências são fisicamente descontínuas e relacionadas a diferentes depocentros, nas porções leste e oeste do Arco da Serra Formosa, ou seja, sub-bacias Juruena e Alto Xingu. Isto gera controvérsias em termos de correlação regional, posicionamento estratigráfico e correta subdivisão das sequências. Com base em afloramentos e testemunhos de sondagem foi possível a reconstituição do registro a partir das associações de fácies. Estas associações juntamente com o reconhecimento regional de superfícies e relações estratigráficas permitiu a identificação de uma assinatura deposicional diferencial para cada sequência. Na sub-bacia Juruena foram depositadas sequências predominantemente clásticas, fluviais e eólicas. Na sub-bacia do Alto Xingu, na base foram identificadas fácies de natureza química e clástica e no topo, sedimentação clástica. A reconstituição da evolução da bacia no Mesozoico e a contextualização das unidades cretácicas foram efetuadas levando-se em conta os registros do tectonismo, do magmatismo e da sedimentação na região. A evolução da bacia no Mesozoico teve início no Triássico Superior e Jurássico Inferior com vulcanismo e sedimentação, sucedido de soerguimento e erosão até o Cretáceo Inferior, quando ocorreram magmatismos básico e alcalino. A partir do Cretáceo Superior, com início da fase compressiva da Orogenia Andina e abertura do Oceano Atlântico, desenvolveu-se tectonismo e a sedimentação na sub-bacia Juruena no Cenomaniano. Porém, na sub-bacia Alto Xingu esta ocorre a partir do Coniaciano. A análise do registro fossilífero e as relações com unidades adjacentes indicam uma idade entre Cenomaniano-Turoniano para a sequência da sub-bacia Juruena e Coniaciano-Santoniano para a sequência da sub-bacia Alto Xingu. Assim, foi proposta uma nova unidade litoestratigráfica para esta última, denominada de Formação Rio Tapirapé. A atuação da tectônica na geração de subsidência diferenciada para cada sub-bacia ocasionou a geração de diferentes assinaturas deposicionais. Na sub-bacia Juruena a taxa de sedimentação superior à taxa de subsidência é perceptível, gerando sequências clásticas de alta energia. Na sub-bacia Alto Xingu, a taxa de subsidência é superior à taxa de sedimentação, com um sistema lacustre transgressivo nas fases iniciais. Ao final em ambas as sub-bacias prevalecem sistemas sedimentares fluviais e deltaicos enquanto a taxa de subsidência é reduzida. A reconstituição paleoambiental da sequência cretácica da sub-bacia Alto Xingu identificou uma sedimentação clasto-química de fundo e borda de lago na base. Na porção superior ocorre uma progradação com ambientes de prodelta, frente deltaica e uma planície deltaica com planície fluvial e deposição eólica. O posicionamento cronoestratigráfico Coniaciano-Santoniano baseou-se em fósseis de vertebrados e ostracodes que tem crono-correlatos regionais na Formação Adamantina (Grupo Bauru) e Formação Capacete (Bacia Sanfranciscana) e ainda na Formação Bajo de Carpa (Grupo Neuquén, na Argentina). / The Parecis Basin is an intracratonic basin, covering a huge area of 500.000 km2 in center-west portion of Brazil. The Amazonian Craton constitutes the most part of its basement. In this basin, there are an accumulation of more than 6,000 m of sediments, related to Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic ages. The Mesozoic record includes sedimentary and volcanic units. The cretaceous record of the Parecis Basin is represented by two sedimentary sequences characterized by distinct depositional signatures. These sequences are physically discontinuous, and related to different depocenters located in the east and west of Serra Formosa Arch, namely Juruena and Alto Xingu sub-basins. So, this distribution is controversy in terms of regional correlation, stratigraphic positioning and correct subdivision of the sequences. Based on outcrops and cores information it was possible the reconstruction of the record from the facies association, which together with regional surface recognition and stratigraphic relations allowed the identification of a differential depositional signature for each sequence. In the Juruena sub-basin, predominantly clastic fluvial and aeolian sequences were deposited. In the Alto Xingu sub-basin the base is marked by facies of lacustrine chemical and clastic nature but top, clastic sedimentation of a fluvio-deltaic system is recognized. The reconstruction of the mesozoic evolution of the basin and contextualization of the Cretaceous units were carried out taking into account records of tectonism, magmatism and sedimentation in the region. The basin evolution in Mesozoic age start in Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic period where occurred volcanism and sedimentation, followed by uplift and erosion until the Lower Cretaceous, when as occurred basic and alkaline magmatism. From the Upper Cretaceous, with the beginning of the compressive phase of Andean Orogeny and opening of the Atlantic Ocean, tectonism and sedimentation were developed in Juruena Sub-basin in the Cenomanian and Alto Xingu Sub-basin from Coniacian. The relation of the fossiliferous record with adjacent units allows to assign one related age between Cenomanian-Turonian to Juruena sub-basin sequence. But the Coniacian-Santonian to Alto Xingu sub-basin is being proposed an new lithostratigraphic. unit named Rio Tapirapé Formation results from this recognition. The tectonism is the main event in the generation of differentiated subsidence to each sub-basin and the differential depositional signatures. In the Juruena sub-basin the sedimentation rate over the subsidence rate is perceptible, and a clastic high energy sequence is deposited. In the Alto Xingu sub-basin, the subsidence rate is higher than the sedimentation rate, with a transgressive lacustrine system with chemical sedimentation in the initial phases. At the end of the process, in both sub-basins, fluvial and deltaic sedimentary systems prevail while the subsidence rate decreases. The paleoambiental reconstruction of Alto Xingu sub-basin cretaceous sequence indicates a chemical and clastic sedimentation of bottom and shoreline lake, in a context of high initial subsidence and low sedimentation rate. As the subsidence process decreased, a deltaic progradation became dominant with deposition in a prodelta environment, deltaic front and deltaic plain interbedded with fluvial plain, and aeolian deposition. The Coniacian–Santonian chronostratigraphic positioning was based on vertebrate fossils and ostracods with regional chrono-correlates in the Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group), the Capacete Formation (Sanfranciscana Basin), and also in the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Neuquén Group, in Argentina).