付記する学位プログラム名: 充実した健康長寿社会を築く総合医療開発リーダー育成プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第22388号 / 人健博第74号 / 新制||人健||5(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 黒木 裕士, 教授 高桑 徹也, 教授 妻木 範行 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

The aim of this master thesis is to introduce models belonging to ARCH(∞) representation where a time series volatility is modelled as a linear function of squared residuals. Specifically, the thesis deals with models IGARCH, FIGARCH and HYGARCH that are used to analyse, model and predict a development of financial time series. Definition and graphical illustration of individual models together with their application on real data, is supplemented by a simulation study of first-order FIGARCH model.

No description available.

The nearshore waters off the Oregon coast (< 73 meters) are a region of high productivity and economic value, with a variety of habitats that include rock outcrops. Temperate reef habitats are important to many commercially important fishes inhabiting the Pacific coast, including canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) and yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus), which are currently listed as "overfished" by the Pacific Fishery Management Council. Along the Pacific coast of North America, nearshore rocky reefs have been designated as essential fish habitat (EFH), while comprising approximately just seven percent of Oregon's territorial sea. Despite this EFH designation, the use of visual (SCUBA, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), human occupied vehicles (HOVs)) and non-visual (bottom trawl) survey methods within this region has been infrequent and scattered, providing limited information on species-habitat associations and species assemblages within nearshore waters. It is logistically difficult and costly to survey nearshore reefs. The factors that have led to the paucity of surveys include the depth (too deep for SCUBA surveys but too shallow for larger survey vessels), high seas limiting available days for field work, and the high-relief nature of the habitat (precluding the use of bottom trawls). In an effort to better understand species-habitat associations and community structure of Oregon's nearshore reefs, an autonomous underwater drop-camera termed the "video lander" was employed at the Three Arch Rocks reef, a nearshore reef off of Oceanside, Oregon. Video lander footage was used to identify and groundtruth habitat types, as well as species assemblages over two distinct seasons: spring/summer (n=272) and winter (n=108). Many species-habitat associations were statistically significant: yelloweye rockfish (large boulder p<0.0073), canary rockfish (small boulder p<0.0006), kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus) (bedrock outcrop p<0.0162), and quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger) (large boulder p<0.0016). Summer and winter surveys revealed similar habitat associations and distributions for these species. I found no significant difference in species composition between the northern and southern regions of the reef (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index (BCDI) = 71.71, ANOSIM p>0.1447), but a significant difference between spring/summer and winter seasons was identified on the outer section of the reef, due to the presence of spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) in the winter (BCDI =76.41, ANOSIM p < 0.0155). My study shows that data provided by the video lander can fill existing gaps in our understanding of nearshore distribution and habitat associations of temperate rocky-reef fishes off the Oregon coast. / Graduation date: 2013

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer optimalen Tragstruktur für Netzwerkbogenbrücken. Dabei wird die systematische Nutzung der Optimierungspotenziale dieses Brückentragwerkes an ausgewählten Tragwerkselementen erarbeitet. Es werden Lösungsvorschläge für die System- und Detailausbildung sowie Berechnungs- und Entwurfsgrundlagen entwickelt. Die Schwerpunkte der Arbeit bilden die Entwicklung von ermüdungssicheren Hängeranschlusskonstruktionen, statisch effizienten Hängernetzen sowie Bögen, die sich durch eine hohe Tragfähigkeit bei gleichzeitig geringem Materialverbrauch auszeichnen. Um eine ausreichende Ermüdungssicherheit der in dieser Hinsicht maßgebenden Hängeranschlusskonstruktionen zu gewährleisten, ist es notwendig, die risserzeugenden Spannungsspitzen zu minimieren und möglichst einen homogenen Spannungsverlauf über das gesamte Bauteil zu erzeugen. Mit Hilfe einer parametergestützten Gestaltoptimierung und anschließender Topologieanpassung wird zunächst eine optimale Lösung für die Hängeranschlusskonstruktion entworfen. Anschließend erfolgt die Entwicklung einer Bestimmungsgleichung für die Kerbwirkungszahl dieser Anschlusskonstruktion, welche die Anwendung des Kerbspannungskonzeptes für Hängeranschlüsse ermöglicht. Zur effizienten Nutzung der statischen Vorteile von Netzwerkbogenbrücken ist die Anordnung der Hänger von großer Bedeutung. Um die vorteilhafteste Hängeranordnung zu ermitteln, werden fünf mögliche Hängernetze mit variierenden Hängerneigungsparametern, Hängeranzahlen und Stützweiten hinsichtlich gezielt ausgewählter statischer Kriterien untersucht und bewertet. Daraus resultierend werden Empfehlungen formuliert, die dem Ingenieur die Wahl eines für entsprechende Rahmenbedingungen geeigneten Hängernetzes erleichtern. Auch die konstruktive Ausführung des Bogens sowie des oberen Windverbandes und das damit verbundene Tragverhalten sind beim Entwurf einer effizienten Netzwerkbogenbrücke von großer Bedeutung. Deswegen wird der Einfluss von Form, Geometrie und Steifigkeit des Bogens sowie von Ausführung und Konstruktion anderer Tragwerksteile auf die Bogenstabilität analysiert. Darauf aufbauend erfolgt die Optimierung dieser Konstruktionsparameter, um die Stahlmasse des Bogens ohne maßgebliche Reduzierung der Tragfähigkeit zu minimieren. Zusätzlich werden verschiedene Ersatzimperfektionen bezüglich ihrer Auswirkung auf die rechnerische Bogenstabilität untersucht und die maßgebenden Vorverformungen hinsichtlich ihrer Form und ihrer Größe herausgestellt. In ausgewählten Beispielen werden abschließend die entwickelten Lösungen mit Bauwerken aus der Praxis verglichen, um die Effizienz des optimierten Tragwerkes zu demonstrieren. / This work of research will tackle the development of an optimal structure for network arch bridges. The systematic employment of potentials to optimize these bridge structures will be examined for selected structural members. Suggestions for the construction of the bridge system and of selected details as well as basics for calculation and design will be developed. This paper will focuses mainly on the design of fatigue-proof hanger connections, statically efficient hanger networks as well as arches, which have a high load carrying capacity along with low material consumption. In order to provide sufficient security against fatigue failure for the decisive connections of the hanger bars, stress peaks that cause cracks have to be minimized and homogeneous stress distribution within the whole element has to be ensured. Initially, this paper will delineate an optimal solution for hanger connections by means of parameter-based shape optimization and subsequent topology adaptation. In the following, an analytic formula for the stress concentration factor of this connection will be developed in order to enable the application of the notch stress concept for hanger connections. To apply the static advantages of network arch bridges efficiently, the arrangement of the hangers is essential. In order to determine the most efficient hanger arrangement, five possible hanger arrangements with varying parameters (slope of the hangers, number of the hangers and span of the bridge) will be analyzed and evaluated with respect to systematically selected static criteria. On the basis of these investigations, recommendations for engineers how to choose an optimized hanger arrangement according to different geometrical bridge parameters will be made. Additionally, the constructive design of the arches and the upper wind bracing as well as the associated structural behavior are significant when an efficient network arch bridge is to be designed. For this reason, this paper will analyze the influence of the arch-shape, the arch-geometry and the arch-stiffness as well as the design and construction of other structural members on the stability of the arch. Based on these results, the constructive parameters will be optimized in order to reduce the steel weight of the arch without significantly reducing the load carrying capacity. Furthermore, the influence of different imperfections on the arch stability will be analyzed and the form and size of the decisive initial deflections emphasized. Finally, systematically selected examples will provide a comparison between the developed solutions and existing bridge structures in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the optimized structure.

No description available.

The thin-skinned structures of the late Paleozoic Ouachita thrust belt intersect the basement structures of the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen beneath the Mesozoic strata of the Gulf Coastal Plain in southeastern Oklahoma. The Ouachita thrust belt forms a large northwest-directed salient which extends primarily in the subsurface from central Mississippi northwestward to Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma, and from there, southwestward toward central Texas. Kinematics are complicated in the center of the Ouachita salient, where the average southwesterly strike of thrust faults is nearly perpendicular to average trend of compressional basement structures in the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen (Arbuckle uplift) and Muenster arch. Furthermore, the frontal fault of the Ouachita thrust belt curves sharply eastward around the southeastern end of the Arbuckle uplift, and bends sharply to the west between the Arbuckle uplift and the Muenster arch farther south in Texas. Nine new interpreted structural cross sections show the structural complexity of the area where the Ouachita thrust belt intersects the Arbuckle uplift and Muenster arch. Detailed study of the structural geology of the Ouachita Mountains and Arkoma basin indicates that along-strike changes in structural style evidently are related to along-strike changes in mechanical stratigraphy (relative thicknesses of weak units, in contrast to stiff units). The middle part of the Stanley Group (Formation) evidently serves as a wavelength transition and/or volume compensation zone. Along-strike change in stratigraphic level of detachments and abrupt eastward thickening of the Atoka Formation along the Ouachita thrust front strongly affected the structural style of the Ouachita thrust belt. Regional stratigraphy, palinspastic restorations of the footwall cutoff of the Ti Valley fault, and an abrupt change in character of seismic reflectors indicate an abrupt facies transition in the Middle Ordovician-Mississippian succession along the southeastern flank of the Arbuckle uplift and southwestward toward the deep southeastern part of the Ardmore basin. Out-of-syncline structures in the Bryan smallscale salient, distinct sub-thrust angular unconformities imaged on seismic profiles, and sediment dispersal patterns in the early Atokan-Desmoinesian strata of the northern Fort Worth basin (south of the Muenster arch) all indicate that the Tishomingo-Belton and Muenster structures were pre-thrust structural highs.

Postural distortion of human bite marks on skin occurs when photographing a bite mark in a body position other than the position of the body at the time of biting. Postural distortion in the bite mark may introduce significant changes in both the shape and size of the recorded marks. As a result, the analysis of the marks may be hindered and a proper comparison between the bite mark and the causal dentition may be precluded. Therefore, a method by which postural distortion in a bite mark photographic record can be evaluated and eliminated with minimal operator subjectivity is required. This study describes the development of an objective technique for evaluating postural distortion in bite mark photographic records and for minimising postural distortion during photography of bite marks. The source for developing these techniques was provided by digitally analysing the symmetry of dental arches in a defined population including males and females (236 subjects) whose ages ranged between 20 and 30 years. The analysis resulted in quantifying a mathematical relationship between the biting edges of each homologous pair of the anterior teeth and specified reference lines. The validity of the analytical method of dental arch symmetry is discussed. The developed techniques were applied to posturally distorted (test) bite marks. The results demonstrate the validity of the developed techniques in determining postural distortion and recording correct images (shown to resemble the biters dentition) of the test bites. Suggestions for further work are proposed.

This PhD thesis contains the results of comprehensive research into the Pravčická brána Arch and surrounding sandstone massifs with focus on gaining more knowledge about natural dynamics and evolution of this rock formation, its current level of stability and the weathering processes it displays. Non-destructive methods were used for this comprehensive study; these ranged from detailed field documentation to monitoring temperature regime of the rock and included application of a geophysical survey and control monitoring of the course of arch body deformation. Laboratory testing was carried out for strength parameters and salt efflorescences together with weathered sandstones were analysed for chemical compounds. Main operating factors were monitored simultaneously, which particularly involved changes in external temperature, degree of sunlight and chemical composition of rainfall. Conventional as well as entirely new assessment procedures were used in synthesis and interpretation of the data collected, including knowledge of nonlinear dynamics of complex systems. The survey was designed to fully respect the protective conditions of the site, to make follow-up activities possible in future and to monitor any possible negative changes in the rock massif. The main results incorporate description of...

Este trabalho apresenta modelos numéricos em elementos finitos, elaborados com o auxílio do programa ANSYS 5.5, de paredes de alvenaria estrutural apoiadas em vigas de concreto armado. São estudados diversos modelos possíveis de serem utilizados, inclusive com a consideração das não-linearidades de contato, ou seja, a separação e o deslizamento que tendem a ocorrer na interface parede-viga por ocasião do efeito arco. Para tanto, são introduzidos elementos de contato nesta interface. Os resultados obtidos são comparados entre si e também com resultados experimentais encontrados na literatura, de modo a se avaliar as características positivas e negativas de cada procedimento. / This work describes numerical procedures using ANSYS 5.5 program for modeling masonry walls supported by reinforced concrete beams. Several available procedures for this case are studied, including or not, non-linear effects that can occur at the boundary surface between the masonry wall and the concrete beam, because of the arch effect. So, obtained results for these numerical models are compared among themselves and with experimental results found in papers, in order to obtain some information about their acuity.