No description available.

Objective. This study investigated the effect of cycling position (upright vs. recumbent) and seat position on the oxygen cost of cycling. / Experimental design. A two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures was used to examine the effect of cycling position (Monark 814E, Lifecycle 9100 R, and Lifecycle 9500 RHR ergometers) and seat position (optimum and +/-1 setting) on VO2 and HR. / Participants. Subjects were 10 male physical education students (age = 24 +/- 2.1 years, height = 178.8 +/- 4.8 cm, weight = 76.2 +/- 7.8 kg). / Interventions. Each subject was tested at three 5-minute workloads (55, 137, and 186 Watts) in a random order on the three ergometers. These workloads corresponded with manual settings of 1, 3, and 5 on the Lifecycle ergometers. The cycling protocols for the Lifecycle ergometers were performed with the seat set at 107% of the symphysis pubis measurement and at seat positions of +/-1 setting from the so-called "optimum" setting. / Measures. Physiological response was assessed by continuously monitoring VO2 and HR. / Results. At the optimum seat setting, the VO2 was significantly higher at the three workloads on the Monark compared to both Lifecycle ergometers. Seat positions of +/-1 setting from the recommended setting did not affect VO2. The HR response was non-significant for cycling position and seat position. / Conclusions. The results indicate that the Lifecycle ergometers (9100 R and 9500 RHR) underestimate oxygen consumption and indirectly underestimate energy expenditure. Seat positions of +/-1 setting from the recommended setting on the Lifecycle ergometers did not affect the VO 2.

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis draws on twenty-three women's retrospective accounts of their abortion experiences to examine the course of their feelings and the social, situational and personal contexts in which these feelings arose. Their experiences and feelings were affected by abortion's morally ambiguous status; its quasi-legal status (particularly between 1969 and 1988); its provision in medical settings in ways that differ significantly from the provision of other health services; and the on-going polarized ideological conflict over its acceptability. The experiences and feelings of the women interviewed were also affected subtly and profoundly by widely held expectations about how women in such situations normally do and should feel. The thesis examines the "feeling rules" (Hochschild, 1979) women encountered in interactions with others (confidants and health-care providers, notably abortion counselors) and how women's actual feelings, especially after the abortion, became problematic.

Several studies claim to have demonstrated an increased frequency of Down syndrome (DS) dermatoglyphics and other DS characteristics in parents of DS children, which could be explained by unrecognized parental mosaicism for trisomy 21. The goal of this study was to test the following hypothesis: In some cases of DS the cause will be parental gonadal mosaicism for trisomy 21. These parents will also be mosaic in tissues other than the gonads and will therefore have quantitative deviations in the direction of the DS phenotype. Upon examination of such traits in 162 parents with one DS child it was found that 22 parents had dermatoglyphic characteristics within the DS distribution of the Preus diagnostic index (no significant increase), 6 had DS quantitative phenotypic traits, and 1 had both. There was no evidence of bimodality in the distribution of these traits, or of a correlation between these traits with one another or with the Preus dermatoglyphic index for DS. There were no trisomy 21 cells in 200 lymphoblast cells counted for each of the 5 subjects with the most DS-like dermatoglyphic characteristics. The one subject who has both DS dermatoglyphics and a trend toward DS phenotype had 1/300 trisomy 21 cells in lymphoblast culture and 0/100 cells in fibroblast culture. Neither these data nor these from the literature, provide support for the suggestion that parental mosaicism for trisomy 21 is associated with an increase in DS-like physical characteristics.

According to self-categorization theory (SCT), environmental context is the key factor in determining whether or not a social identity will be activated. Blanz (1999) has extended SCT by suggesting that there are certain social categories (i.e., race and gender) that people will chronically use to categorize individuals. However, neither of these two perspectives addresses the notion that individuals could differ in the chronic accessibility of a given social identity. The present research explored this hypothesis. By adapting Higgins and colleagues' (1982) methodology for studying the chronic accessibility of personality traits, three studies were conducted to determine if there are differences in chronicity of female (Experiments 1 and 3) and anglophone (Experiment 2) social identities. Results suggest that individual differences in accessibility appear to exist. However, differences in chronicity of female and anglophone social identities were not related to discrimination, an important variable in social identity theorizing. Theoretical and real-world implications are discussed along with suggestions for future research.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic patterns of pressure distribution of curved running with and without banked surfaces at two speeds. Seven male elite runners ran at 3.8 m/s and 7.0 m/s in three different conditions: (1) straight, and along a curve with either (2) no side inclination or (3) an inclination of 19%. Running speed significantly affected peak pressure for plantar foot regions (p<0.05); however, few significant main effects were found for surface running condition or foot side. Center of pressure displacement showed similar patterns in both the medial-lateral and heel to toe excursion regardless the running condition, speed, or foot side. Future study needs to reduce measurement variability as well as to consider other dynamic foot-to-shoe components such as shear stresses.

This thesis examines the construction of identity in the pseudepigraphic novel Joseph and Aseneth by means of discussions of conversion, food ritual, and genre. Each of these is invaluable for interpreting the meaning and significance of the honeycomb scene in which Aseneth is transformed. The interaction of a ritual of eating, angelic visits, and the medium of genre for expressing transformation presents a window through which to view identity in the ancient world. This project explores how the shared symbolic knowledge of the ancient world informs the literary presentation of Aseneth's transformation that describes the development of her religious identity. I argue that the honeycomb scene speaks most strongly about Joseph and Aseneth's notions of religious identity. Through the ritual eating of the honeycomb, Joseph and Aseneth constructs a hybrid identity for Aseneth, integrating biblical motifs with those found in pagan narratives.

An examination of the Rocky Horror Picture Show illustrates the various ways in which the cinema is closely linked to religious experience. The audience participates in the narrative of the film on both conscious and unconscious levels in the same way as the ancients participated in their myths during ritual ceremonies. Moreover, the audience shifts its mode of cognition in order to appreciate as truth the fantastic events which occur both on and off the screen. Finally, I argue that cult films function as parable in dominant cultures and therefore as primary manifestations of the "counter-civil religion". In this way secular films have more profound religious implications than is at first apparent.