Macronutrient composition of food was shown to have a potent impact in modulating circadian rhythms of gentamicin toxicity. In the present study, adult female Sprague-Dawley rats fully adapted to isocaloric 20 casein-containing, 20% soy-containing (both semi-purified with 10% safflower oil and 58.55% carbohydrate) or a standard chow diet (non-purified with 18.1% mixed proteins, 4.5% fat and 57.3% carbohydrate) were chronically treated for 10 days with a nephrotoxic dose of gentamicin sulfate (40 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or a saline solution given in the middle of their resting period or in the middle of their activity period. Body weights, 24-h, 12-h light and 12-h dark food intakes were measured before (Days 1 to 5) and during treatment (Days 6 to 15). Gentamicin nephrotoxicity indices including serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urinary proteins, urinary enzymes activities, corticocefular regeneration and cortical accumulation of gentamicin were measured at specific time points during the experiment. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a film on homosexuality and a presentation by the Gay Alliance on attitude change toward homosexuality. A review of the literature indicated that a class which offers eduction on homosexuality results in a more positive attitude toward homosexuality. It was also found that participants are less tolerant toward homosexuality after viewing an explicit, erotic film of two hmosexuals. Participants were 58 male and 113 female students enrolled in one of three Introductory to Psychology classes. All were given the Kite Attitude Toward Homosexuality Scale and a demographic questionnaire during their usual class times. One week later a filmstrip on homosexuality was shown to one class and the Gay Alliance gave a presentation to a second class. The third class was not given any additional information on homosexuality. Two weeks later all participants completed the Kite Scale and the questionnaire again. A 2x3 Analysis of Covariance showed there was no significant difference between groups or gender. A stepwise multiple regression indicated the best predictor for attitude change was if the subject had read something other than a textbook on homosexuality. A stepwise multiple regression also found the best predictors of a positive attitude toward homosexuality was if the participant had a friend who was homosexual, if the participant was female, and if the participant had a relative who was homosexual. The explanation for the results found included a discussion on AIDS, the low number of male subjects in the two experimental groups, and the fact that there were some difficulties with the group which viewed the filmstrip.

This study determined the effects of exercising above (LATabove) and below(LATbelow) the lactate threshold, upon excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) magnitude and duration among average fit females. Thirteen females underwent testing over a nine-day period (5 visits). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was assessed over two days. A ramp cycle test determined peak V02 and LAT. Blood samples, ventilatory, and heart rate measurements were recorded during rest, exercise, and recovery. On separatedays, volunteers exercised 10% LATabove and LATbelow expending 300 kcals. Afterwards,heart rate, RER, and V02 were measured until within ± 5% of the baseline RMR. EPOC duration was significantly greater for LATabove (61.49 + 8.73 min) than LATbelow (30.72 + 4.81 min). EPOC magnitude was also significantly greater LATabove (24.29 + 3.67 kcals) than LATbelow (13.28 ± 2.10 kcals). This study demonstrated exercising at LATabove adds an additional energy cost component to the recovery dynamics. / School of Physical Education

The purpose of this study was to observe the response of serum hormones to a progressive resistance strength training program. Basal levels of serum growth hormone and total testosterone were measured before and after a 12-week strength training program in 8 young men (mean age= 23 years) and 13 elderly men (mean age= 63 years). The response of growth hormone and testosterone to an acute bout of strength training exercise was also measured. Changes in lean body mass, percent fat, fat weight, VO2max and girth measurements were determined.Sessions were started with walking and static stretching exercises for the major muscle groups. This was followed by 45-60 minutes of isotonic strength training exercise which consisted of the leg-press, leg-extension, leg-curl, torso extension, bench-press, pull-down, pull-over, horizontal arm adduction, arm adduction, and modified sit-ups on an abdominal platform. Subjects were told to increase weight at a station when they could successfully complete three sets of ten repetitions at that station. At weeks 2 and 12 of the study subjects were strength tested at the leg-press, leg-extension, and bench-press stations. Strength was measured as the most weight that could be lifted for six repetitions. Blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein pre and post training, and before, immediately following and 15 minutes after an exercise session.There was a significant increase (p <0.001) in strength for both groups for the leg press, leg extention and bench press. However, the young group was significantly stronger (p <0.001) than the elderly group in both pre and post test for all muscles measured. There was a significant increase (p <0.01) in lean weight in the elderly group which was correlated with increased strength on the leg press, leg extension and bench press on the post test. There was a significant increase (p <0.05) in growth hormone for both groups in response to an acute bout of exercise on both the pre and post test with the rise being significantly higher (p <0.025) in the young group. The increased strength in the young group correlated positively with increased serum growth hormone following an acute bout of exercise on the post test. There was no significant change in serum testosterone in response to an acute bout of exercise in either group. Basal levels of growth hormone and testosterone did not change.

Inspection of the data obtained by Deckers and Kizer (1974) in exploring the incongruity hypothesis of humor brings to attention what appears to be discrepancies with the incongruity hypothesis of humor. Shifts in weight of equal physical proportion produced differential degrees of expressed humor. The incongruity hypothesis would predict humor to be a function of the size of the incongruity rather than the direction. In the present study, it was hypothesized that these differences in expressed humor were the result of incongruous shifts of unequal psychological distance. A total of 120 subjects were assigned to one of three ranges of expectation with half shifting tc a heavy weight and the others to a light weight. As predicted, shifts of equal psychological distance produced equal degrees of humor expression and shifts of unequal psychological distance produced differing degrees of humor expression. An interaction (p<.002) between the weight of the Standard and the weight of the Critical Comparison affected humor expression. The incongruity hypothesis was upheld.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects off revolution rate (i.e. gear ratio) on cycling efficiency and the energy cost of performance. A group of five trained cyclists performed ergometerr rides at either 60, 90, or 120 rpm and a constant absolute workload. Energy expenditure was determined during each minute of rest,-exercise, and recovery. Gross and net work efficiencies were calculated using several computational methods. Results showed that energy input increased as the rate of cycling increased. Gross and net resting baseline efficiencies decreased and net free wheeling baseline efficiency remained constant with increasing rpm. The increased energy demand with increased rpm was attributed to the increased cost of moving the legs and not to overcoming the resistance. It was concluded that the fastest performance ..s achieved when the energy demand is the greatest for the force exerted on the pedals and the oxygen debt could be tolerated for the duration of the race. Within the limitations of the study, at a constant work output the greatest muscular efficiency was achieved at low revolution rates. Although the net free wheeling efficiencies remained unchanged with increasing rpm, in practical terms these values did not reflect the total energy cost to the rider.

There is no abstract available for this dissertation.