Utilizing Item Response Theory (IRT) methodologies, the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) was examined for differential item functioning (DIF) on the basis of crossed gender and ethnicity variables. Both the Mantel-Haenszel procedure and an IRT area-based technique were utilized to assess the degree of uniform and non-uniform DIF in a sample of ASVAB takers. The analysis was performed such that each subgroup of interest functioned as the focal group to be compared to the male reference group. This type of DIF analysis allowed for comparisons within ethnic group, within gender group, as well as crossed ethnic/gender group. The groups analyzed were: White, Black, and Hispanic males, and White and Black females. It was hypothesized that DIF would be found, at the scale level, on several of the ASVAB sub-tests as a result of unintended latent trait demands of items. In particular, those tests comprised of items requiring specialized jargon, visuospatial ability, or advanced English vocabulary are anticipated to show bias toward white males and/or white females. Findings were mixed. At the item level, DIF fluctuated greatly. Numerous instances of DIF favoring the reference as well as the focal group were found. At the scale level, inconsistencies existed across the forms and versions. Tests varied in their tendency to be biased against the focal group of interest and at times, performed contrary to expectations. / Master of Science

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This study evaluates selected features of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) Career Exploration Program (CEP) and its contributions to Navy recruiting. The ASVAB-CEP is a Department of Defense program created in 1968, operating in 12,598 high schools throughout the nation as of 2004. ASVAB-CEP data for all military services (1998-2004) were examined, along with previous studies and literature on the program. An online survey was developed and administered to Navy Recruiters-in-Charge (RINCs). Results show a steady decline of high school juniors and seniors tested, high schools tested, recruiter leads, and accessions. Survey results indicate that RINCs are generally positive toward the program as a source of leads and in gaining access to schools, but question the value in testing sophomores. Several recommendations are offered to improve the program. In addition, further research is recommended. / Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy