Ce travail de recherche traite de la problématique des campagnes de sensibilisation et d’information contre l’excision en Cote d’Ivoire. Nous abordons surtout la question de l’efficacité des nouveaux dispositifs communicationnels en matière de sensibilisation chez les populations impliquées. Si la pratique de l’excision était reconnue positive pour la gente féminine autrefois, des études scientifiques et la médiatisation de ce phénomène ont permis au fil du temps de découvrir les préjudices divers qu'elle entraîne chez la femme en général. Ce constat a suscité des actions en vue d'éradiquer cette pratique. Ainsi depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années, l’on entreprend un peu partout où l’excision existe, des actions de lutte contre cette pratique. En Afrique, par exemple, plusieurs actions ont été menées pour éradiquer ce phénomène. Des les années 90 des campagnes de sensibilisation ont été initiées aussi bien en Cote d’Ivoire que dans de nombreux autres pays ; On se surprend cependant à constater que malgré tous les efforts mis en oeuvre depuis tant d’années, la pratique est bel et bien toujours existante. Est-ce du a la volonté plus qu’inébranlable de certaines populations à conserver coûte que coûte une Coutume considérée comme un marqueur idéologique de la domination de l’homme sur la femme ? Ou est ce plutôt du à une réelle inadéquation des campagnes de communication avec les contextes de lutte ? Dans certains pays, l’action concertée de l’Etat, des médias et des organisations ont eu un effet très positif dans la lutte contre l’excision ; c’est le cas du Sénégal avec un taux de prévalence passé de 73% à 27%, au Burkina Faso on a une régression lente mais constante, de 85% à 45%. Par contre, en Cote d’ivoire qui représente notre cadre d’étude si la pratique de l’excision avait régressé entre 1990 et 2000 (de 43% à 36 %), force est de constater depuis 2002, on a un regain de ces pratiques caractérisées par une urbanisation du phénomène. Notre intérêt pour ce thème se situant essentiellement dans ce pays, nous avons voulu mener à travers une approche compréhensive (Kaufmann,2007), une réflexion sur les déterminants sociaux et culturels de l’excision et plus particulièrement répondre à certaines questions : D’une part pourquoi le bien fondé des campagnes de sensibilisation instaurées depuis une vingtaine d’année avait un effet limité en Cote d’ivoire ? D’autre part quelles sont les réponses en vigueur dans le cadre de la lutte contre l’excision dans ce pays? Quelle est l’approche communicationnelle et médiatique utilisée ? Quels résultats ont été constatés?Pour mener à bien nos recherches nous avons privilégié une démarche en trois étapes avec une recherche documentaire, des entretiens semi-directifs et des observations participantes. Dans notre première partie, nous ferons un décryptage de la dynamique complexe qui entoure la pratique de l’excision et nous analyserons les premiers programmes de lutte qui, par manque de diplomatie en se situant surtout sur un discours répressif, n’ont pas eu vraiment l’effet escompté vu la persistance de la pratique. Cette résistance des communautés à l’abandon de la pratique a nécessité la révision des techniques de sensibilisation et surtout l’application de techniques plus novatrices et porteuses de sens. Dans le contexte de l’excision, la réussite de l’élaboration des campagnes de communication et surtout l’atteinte des objectifs de ces campagnes dépend fortement de l’implication des populations à tous les points de vue, c’est en ce sens que l’on parle de communication participative. Dans la seconde partie nous essayerons d’analyser l’avis de chercheurs et d’experts sur l’importance de ce type de communication dans les nouveaux enjeux communicationnels pour le changement social. Dans la troisième partie nous recenserons l’implémentation de ces nouvelles approches communicationnelles sur les communautés qui pratiquent l’excision et analyserons leur efficacité. / Non communiqué

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les logiciels ont atteint un stade très élevé de complexité. L’utilité de la modélisation logicielle s’est avérée de plus en plus importante, car elle s’abstrait de certaines préoccupations en ne fournissant que les informations relatives au point de vue souhaité, comme l’architecture ou les besoins utilisateurs. Toutefois l’activité de modélisation est une activité collaborative impliquant des développeurs, des architectes ou encore des clients. Avec la mondialisation, les équipes deviennent réparties à travers le monde impliquant des différences de culture, langage, fuseaux horaires. Si les environnements de modélisation ont par le passé été souvent mono-utilisateurs, supporter logiciellement la collaboration est devenue depuis peu un réel sujet d’étude. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit ma thèse. Elle a tout d’abord pour but de définir un système de communication constituant la base de toutes collaborations entre utilisateurs d’outils de modélisation. La thèse vise ensuite à rendre efficace cette collaboration en plaçant la conscience de celle-ci au sein des précédents outils à l’aide de fonctionnalités collaboratives identifiées ou conçues dans mes travaux. Ces derniers ont été appliqués à l’outil GenMyModel, un outil de modélisation en ligne enregistrant plus de 200 000 utilisateurs, pour valider les différentes études et conceptions réalisées. / For twenty years, the softwares have reached a very high stage of complexity. The usefulness of the software modeling became increasingly important as models provide an abstraction of the software, and allows the software designer to describe information about important viewpoints such as the architecture or the user needs. With the globalization, teams are distributed over the world, implying culture, language and timezones differences. The modeling activity is collaborative since it implies many stackholders such as developers, architects or clients. The modeling environments were historically single-user but the trend is to provide collaborative tools to address the aforementioned problems. The topic of my thesis is to provide an efficient collaboration. The first part deals with the definition of a communication system building the basis of all collaborations between the users in modeling tools. Then, I proposed a new and efficient collaboration by placing awareness at the center of modeling tools. This work has been implemented in the GenMyModel tool. GenMyModel is an online modeling tool registering more than 200.000 users which gave a perfect platform for the validation of the various studies and designs proposed in this thesis.

Thesis (M Med. (Family Medicine))-- University of Limpopo, 2009. / Introduction Inspired by the late presentation for care and consequently the diagnosis of breast cancer done at an advanced stage of the disease in majority of cases, this study aimed to explore the knowledge and practices related to breast cancer from patients presenting at Princess Marina Hospital (PMH) for care. Methodology The descriptive qualitative method using interviews (free attitude) was chosen to understand the trend of late presentation among participants, with following opening questions: 1. Can you please tell me all you know about the cancer of the breast? 2. How have you been treating your breast condition (growth/wound/pain) before you decided to come to PMH? Sampling was purposeful with a sample of twelve. Out of eleven interviews done with breast cancer patients fulfilling the criteria of inclusion, ten were used in the final analysis. Interviews were recorded (audiotape), transcribed verbatim and translated. Emerging themes were identified and coded into different categories Results This study noted a poor knowledge and understanding of patients about cancer of the breast. The knowledge and practice of the common well established screening methods like self breast examination (SBE) was equally poor. In majority, participants delayed going to the hospital as a result of the preceding( poor knowledge and understanding about Ca breast ), as well as the influence of lays beliefs and advices received from the surrounding. In some cases however advices from the surrounding resulted in timely medical consultation. Unexpectedly, Poor clinical practice of health worker in some cases and decision maker‟s inadequate involvement on issue of cancer awareness were other important themes which emerged during analysis of the results. Conclusions Cancer awareness together with consistent use of early detection measures by adhering to screening methods should be taken seriously and done throughout the country for the benefit of all potential victims, to address the poor knowledge, misconceptions and inappropriate health seeking behavior encountered in case of breast cancer.

<p> </p><p>The aim of the literature review was to describe existing research and knowledge about awareness during general anesthesia. The method used was searching for scientific literature in data bases PubMed and Cinahl. Keywords were: anesthesia, awareness and general. Selection was limited to literature publicated between year 2004 to 2009. The review was designed in a descriptive attempt. The result consists of 19 scientific articles. The main result of the review showed that awareness is an unusual problem during general anesthesia. To explore when awereness had occured precised interwievs were performed. Different types of surgery or different types of cases were separated in the risk of getting afflicted. There existed monitoring to assess depth of anesthesia. Symptoms of awereness could be to hear noise or voices during surgery, feeling pain, feeling paralysed. Consequenses of experienced awareness could in some cases lead to repeated experience of the traumatic situation. Conclusion is that personel involved in anesthesia mainly can avoid awareness through prevention.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: anesthesia, awareness, prevention</p>

The aim of the literature review was to describe existing research and knowledge about awareness during general anesthesia. The method used was searching for scientific literature in data bases PubMed and Cinahl. Keywords were: anesthesia, awareness and general. Selection was limited to literature publicated between year 2004 to 2009. The review was designed in a descriptive attempt. The result consists of 19 scientific articles. The main result of the review showed that awareness is an unusual problem during general anesthesia. To explore when awereness had occured precised interwievs were performed. Different types of surgery or different types of cases were separated in the risk of getting afflicted. There existed monitoring to assess depth of anesthesia. Symptoms of awereness could be to hear noise or voices during surgery, feeling pain, feeling paralysed. Consequenses of experienced awareness could in some cases lead to repeated experience of the traumatic situation. Conclusion is that personel involved in anesthesia mainly can avoid awareness through prevention.   Keywords: anesthesia, awareness, prevention

Abstract Date: September 1, 2008 Course: EFO705 Master Thesis International Marketing Tutor: Peter Dalin Authors: Muhammad Rizwan mrn07003@student.mdh.se Qin Xian xqn07001@student.mdh.se Title: Study of Brand Awareness and Brand Image of Starbucks Problem: To investigate to what extent the Swedish youths have brand awareness about the brand of Starbucks and what kind of brand perception of Starbucks as reflected by the brand association held in target customers’ memories (brand image). Purpose: Carrying with the conception of brand awareness and brand image packaged into the case of Starbucks brand, the authors aim to investigate the degree of Starbucks’ brand awareness among the Swedish youths’ minds (brand awareness) and the perceptions of Starbucks brand as reflected by the brand association held in target customers’ memories (brand image). Method: Primary data is collected through qualitative interviews with Swedish students of Mälardalen University in vasteras. Secondary data is collected from articles and literatures in journals and through internet. Conceptual Model: A model of keller about Brand Image and Brand Awareness is used as the conceptual framework of whole thesis. The relevant theories and definitions are used during the research process. Conclusions: After the investigation we can come to the conclusion that the focal respondents’ acquaintance to Starbucks brand stay on the basic level—they are able to recognize the focal brand and retrieve it when given some type of probe as a cue. Although the general spirit embedded into Starbucks is consistent with what the customers comprehend, still some commitments and symbol involved into Starbucks are ignored or misunderstood by focal respondents. The concrete explanation is concluded underneath:

One way to strengthen the bond between popular applications and their online user communities is to integrate the applications with their communities, so users are able to observe and communicate with other users. The result of this integration is a Multiuser Online Application (MOA). The problem studied in this thesis is that MOA users and systems will be overloaded with information generated by large communities and complex applications. The solution investigated was to filter the amount of information delivered to users while attempting to preserve the benefits of dwelling in a MOA environment. This strategy was evaluated according to the amount of information it was capable of reducing and the effects as seen by MOA users. It was found that filtering could be used to substantially reduce the information exchanged by users while still providing users with the benefits of integrating application and community.

This study has looked at self-awareness of three Family therapists when it comes to managing their own feelings. The data collection method used is qualitative semi-structured interview, with a phenomenological background. To analyze the data, The Constant Comparative Method from Grounded Theory (Postholm, 2005) was used as inspiration. Three main themes emerged from the data; 1)"The art of Balance", which is a theme shining through the whole thesis. 2) "Human meets human" is a theme that provides important background information on the way the therapists think about their practice and helps us understand their kind of awareness. And 3) "Meeting with one`s own feelings" which contains the research participants understanding of feelings in general and how they relate to and manage their own feelings. In order to shed light on the data and contextualize them, different theories have been used. For instance, Rogers (1961) is used to shed light on the relationship between client and therapists, Jordan (Jordan, 2001, 2011) for understanding self-awareness and Kvalsund (2005), Damasio (2002) and Hørven (2004) in order to explore the phenomenon of feelings. In addition, new research has been used to show the relevance of this study, such as Moltu, Binder, Nielsen and Høstmark (2010). The study shows that self-awareness is important for therapists in order to manage their own feelings in meeting with clients and that becoming aware of the process going on inside oneself and reflecting upon it is an invaluable resource for a therapist. The research participants highlighted inner dialogue as a tool for doing this, and the inner dialogue is a process of reflecting upon and realizing what is going on inside, and what that is about.

Our world is growing increasingly complex, creating new challenges for leadership. Hence there is a need for leadership development to meet the larger society needs. Coaching is a well-known tool used to support leaders in their developmental process. The purpose of this thesis is to research the longer term impact of awareness based coaching on leaders’ personal and professional development. In order to explore and understand more about the impact of this new awareness based technology, I have conducted a qualitative study where empirical data has been collected through interviews. I have had a hermeneutical approach to the work of analyzing and interpreting my empirical data. Through a thematic analysis, I found four categories: Awareness is the most important thing, Changes in behavior, Changes in attitude, and Perceived internalized leadership development support practices. To expose, contextualize and understand my findings I have discussed the categories in relation to relevant theory. In the discussion I have mainly used the theories of Kegan (1982, 1994, 2000), Kegan and Lahey (2009), Joiner and Josephs (2007), Jordan (2002, 2011), Heifetz (2009, 2010), Dweck (2006) and Argyris (1991) to try and answer my research question: What is the longer term impact of awareness based coaching on leaders’ personal and professional development? Through the course of analyzing and discussing my empirical data I found that the impact of awareness based coaching is individual, and hence there is variety in experienced outcome. Trying to understand why participants experience different impacts of the coaching I saw that varieties in outcome could be explained by differences in my research participants starting points and level of cognitive growth. Although in varying degrees, empirical data suggests that awareness based coaching has led to an increased awareness, changes in behavior, attitudes and leadership style in my research participants. Also, experienced changes seem to be on both a personal and professional level.

One way to strengthen the bond between popular applications and their online user communities is to integrate the applications with their communities, so users are able to observe and communicate with other users. The result of this integration is a Multiuser Online Application (MOA). The problem studied in this thesis is that MOA users and systems will be overloaded with information generated by large communities and complex applications. The solution investigated was to filter the amount of information delivered to users while attempting to preserve the benefits of dwelling in a MOA environment. This strategy was evaluated according to the amount of information it was capable of reducing and the effects as seen by MOA users. It was found that filtering could be used to substantially reduce the information exchanged by users while still providing users with the benefits of integrating application and community.