Oorspr. proefschrift Berlijn, 2008/2009. / Met lit. opg. en index.

Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2009.

Diss Humboldt-Univ. Berlin, 2008/2009.

Diss Humboldt-Univ. Berlin, 2008/2009.

Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2004.

University, Diss., 2003--Frankfurt (Main).

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Darmstadt.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Bielefeld.

Na localidade do ABC paulista está concentrado o maior parque fabril brasileiro, principalmente pela presença de filiais das grandes industrias automobilísticas mundiais, o que lhe confere uma situação política e geo-económica muito importante. Procurou-se verificar se os movimentos sociais dos me talUrgicos do ABC paulista ocorridos em 1978 e 1979, lograram iniciar um processo de crise do autoritarismo organizacional. A crise implica em uma transição de uma situação para outras situações possíveis. Ficou definido que a crise tanto pode levar a um reforço na estrutura autoritãria aumentando a repressão ou disfarçando-a através de diversos instrumentos, como pode levar a uma alteração na estrutura autoritãria atravês de uma democracia direta. Definiu-se que são três as principais características do autoritarismo organizacional em seu aspecto mais radical: a) relações de poder unilaterais e coercitivas; b) acentuada distinção entre dirigentes e dirigidos; c) heterogestão revelada em seu aspecto unidimensional. Verificou-se que trabalhadores do ABC paulista, chegaram a desagregar a estrutura dentro da qual se expandiram, pro votando uma crise no autoritarismo organizacional: a) porque conseguiram, ainda que momentaneamente,de finir e realizar seus interesses objetivos específicos; b) porque transpuseram uma legislação autoritãria e institucionalizaram uma relativa aproximação entre as classes, obtendo acordos e reafirmando sua condição de classe antagônica; c) porque questionaram a gestão autoritária, propon do uma forma alternativa de gestão visando a implementação de uma democracia industrial. Os rumos do processo de crise iniciado pelos metalúr gicos não podem no entanto, ser definidos aprioristicamente, porque, como se disse no inicio, há dois caminhos possíveis:al terar ou reforçar a estrutura existente. A crise pode ter como diretriz a autogestão e,portan to, através de um processo evolutivo, definido por Rosa Luxemburgo, Anton Pannekoek, Antonio Gramsci e Norberto Bobbio, levar ã democracia direta. A crise pode também levara co-gestão na fabrica,a uma democracia burguesa, autoritária, que buscará promover a he gemonia política da burguesia vacilante. Como são os homens que fazem a história e como os ru mos desta crise apenas podem ser definidos na evolução histOri ca, tais rumos dependerão dos resultados das práticas das cias ses em luta. / The São Paulo ABC region is the largest industrial region of Brazil, mainly due to the presence of branches of big multinational car industries; thus its great political and geo economic importance. The crisis implies a transition from a given sitúation to other possible situations. It was determined that the crisis either leads to a reinforcement of the authoritarian structure increasing repression, or covering it in various manners or to a change in the authoritarian structure by way of direct democracy. Three basic characteristics of organizacional authoritarianism were defined: a) unilateral/forcefull power relations; b) accentuated differences between rulers and the ruled; and c) management by others (as opposed to self-management). Power was defined as the capacity of a social class to achieve its specific objective interests, even when meeting resistence from other classes and despite the structural levels on which this capacity is based. It was verified that the ABC region's workrs managed to disrupt the structure within which their movement grew,thus provoking a crisis in the organizational authoritarianism. This was so because: a) they managed - even if only momentarily - to defi ne and achieve their specific objective interests; b) they went beyond the limits of the authoritarian legislation, institutionalizing therefore a relative approximation between classes, obtaining agreements with the ruling classes, and reaffirming their condition of antagonic class; c) they questioned the authoritarianmanagement system, proposing an alternative form of management which aims at the implementation of an industrial democracy. The consequence of this crisis which was initiated by the metalworkers can not, however, be defined a priori,because - as was pointed out in the beginning - there are two possible ways of resolving it: by altering or by reinforcing the present social structure. The crisis may have self-management as a guideline, and thus - through an evolutionary process (as defined by Rosa Luxemburg, Anton Pannekoek, Antonio Gramsci and Norberto Bobbio) - bring about direct democracy. The crisis may also lead to industrial co-management, to an authoritarian Bourgeois democracy which will try to promote the political hegemony of the vacilant sector of the Bour geoisie. Since it is men who make History, and since the outcome of this crisis can only be defined by historical evolution,its final result will depend on the results of the social practises of these classes in struggle.

abstract: Situations of sensory overload are steadily becoming more frequent as the ubiquity of technology approaches reality--particularly with the advent of socio-communicative smartphone applications, and pervasive, high speed wireless networks. Although the ease of accessing information has improved our communication effectiveness and efficiency, our visual and auditory modalities--those modalities that today's computerized devices and displays largely engage--have become overloaded, creating possibilities for distractions, delays and high cognitive load; which in turn can lead to a loss of situational awareness, increasing chances for life threatening situations such as texting while driving. Surprisingly, alternative modalities for information delivery have seen little exploration. Touch, in particular, is a promising candidate given that it is our largest sensory organ with impressive spatial and temporal acuity. Although some approaches have been proposed for touch-based information delivery, they are not without limitations including high learning curves, limited applicability and/or limited expression. This is largely due to the lack of a versatile, comprehensive design theory--specifically, a theory that addresses the design of touch-based building blocks for expandable, efficient, rich and robust touch languages that are easy to learn and use. Moreover, beyond design, there is a lack of implementation and evaluation theories for such languages. To overcome these limitations, a unified, theoretical framework, inspired by natural, spoken language, is proposed called Somatic ABC's for Articulating (designing), Building (developing) and Confirming (evaluating) touch-based languages. To evaluate the usefulness of Somatic ABC's, its design, implementation and evaluation theories were applied to create communication languages for two very unique application areas: audio described movies and motor learning. These applications were chosen as they presented opportunities for complementing communication by offloading information, typically conveyed visually and/or aurally, to the skin. For both studies, it was found that Somatic ABC's aided the design, development and evaluation of rich somatic languages with distinct and natural communication units. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Computer Science 2012