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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Sobre a composi??o qu?mica em estrelas evolu?das do aglomerado aberto M67

Oliveira, Gislana Pereira de 29 June 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:15:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GislanaPO_DISSERT.pdf: 2864834 bytes, checksum: b1f83a6ab365b376d0414e03eb26742e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Galaxy open clusters have a wide variety of physical properties that make them valuable laboratories for studies of stellar and chemical evolution of the Galaxy. In order to better settle these properties we investigate the abundances of a large number of chemical elements in a sample of 27 evolved stars of the open cluster M67 with different evolutionary stages (turn-off, subgiant and giant stars). For such a study we used high-resolution spectra (R 47 000) and high S/N obtained with UVES+FLAMES at VLT/UT2, covering the wavelength interval 4200-10 600 ?. Our spectral analysis is based on the MARCS models of atmosphere and Turbospectrum spectroscopic tool. The oxygen abundances were determined from the [O I] line at 6300 ?. In addition, we have also computed abundances of Si I, Na I, Mg I, Al I, Ca I, Ti I, Co I, Ni I, Zr I, La II and Cr I. The abundances investigated in this work, combined with their stellar parameters, offers an opportunity to determine the level of mixing and convective dilution of evolved stars in M67. Based on the obtained parameters, the abundances of these seem to follow a similar trend to the curve of solar abundances. Additionally, following strategies of other studies have investigated the relative abundances as a function of effective temperature and metallicity, where it was possible to observe an abundance of Na, Al and Si to the stars in the field of giants. A large dispersion from star to star, is observed in the ratios [X / Fe] for the Co, Zr and La, and the absence of Zr and La, in the stars of the turn-off. Comparisons made between our results and other studies in the literature show that values of abundances are in agreement and close to the limits of the errors / Os aglomerados abertos da gal?xia possuem uma grande variedade de propriedades f?sicas que os tornam valiosos laborat?rios para estudos da evolu??o qu?mica estelar e da Gal?xia. A fim de melhor compreender essas propriedades n?s investigamos a abund?ncia de um grande n?mero de elementos qu?micos em uma amostra de 27 estrelas evolu?das com diferentes est?gios evolutivos (turn-off, subgigantes e gigantes) do aglomerado aberto M67. Para tal estudo foram utilizados espectros de alta resolu??o (R 47 000) e alto sinal ru?do obtidos com UVES+FLAMES em VLT/ UT2, cobrindo um intervalo de comprimento de onda de 4200- 10 600 ?. Nossa an?lise espectral ? baseada nos modelos de atmosfera MARCS e a ferramenta espectrosc?pica Turbospectrum. O oxig?nio [O I] foi determinado a partir da linha 6300 ?. Al?m disso, tamb?m determinamos a abund?ncia de Si I, Na I, Mg I, Al I, Ca I, Ti I, Co I, Ni I, Zr I, La II e Cr I. As abund?ncias investigadas neste trabalho, combinadas com seus par?metros estelares, oferecem a oportunidade de determinar o n?vel de dilui??o e mistura convectiva em estrelas evolu?das de M67. Com base nos par?metros obtidos, as abund?ncias referidas parecem seguir uma tend?ncia semelhante ? curva de abund?ncias solares. Adicionalmente, seguindo estrat?gias de outros estudos investigamos as abund?ncias relativas como fun??o da temperatura efetiva e da metalicidade, onde foi poss?vel observar uma superabund?ncia de Na, Al e Si para as estrelas no ramo das gigantes. Uma grande dispers?o, de estrela para estrela, ? observada nas raz?es de [X/Fe] para o Co, Zr e La, al?m da inexist?ncia do Zr e La, nas estrelas do Turn-off. Compara??es feitas entre nossos resultados e com outros estudos encontrados na literatura mostram valores de abund?ncias que se encontram em acordo e pr?ximos dos limites das margens de erros
2

Planetas extrassolares em aglomerados estelares abertos: caracteriza??o de estrelas

Oliveira, Gislana Pereira de 14 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-27T13:21:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GislanaPereiraDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 37362869 bytes, checksum: 2dc4474499bb990d9603c960fb90c926 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-31T13:14:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GislanaPereiraDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 37362869 bytes, checksum: 2dc4474499bb990d9603c960fb90c926 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T13:14:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GislanaPereiraDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 37362869 bytes, checksum: 2dc4474499bb990d9603c960fb90c926 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Ap?s a descoberta pioneira de um planeta gigante orbitando 51 Peg por Mayor $\& $ Queloz (1995), cerca de duas d?cadas atr?s, j? forma descobertos descobertos de mais de 3434 planetas, em cerca de 2568 sistemas planet?rios. A grande maioria desses exoplanetas orbitam estrelas de campo da sequ?ncia principal com massas solares. As observa??es destas estrelas oferecem v?rias vantagens, incluindo brilho e uma grande variedade de caracter?sticas estelares, como a massa, idade, composi??o qu?mica e estado evolutivo. No entanto, as caracter?sticas muito diferentes das estrelas de campo tamb?m representa uma desvantagem para a nossa capacidade de tirar conclus?es precisas a perguntas muito b?sicas, incluindo o papel do ambiente estelar na forma??o do planeta. N?o h? uma resposta clara para o fato de que estrelas da sequ?ncia principal, que hospedagem planetas gigantes, s?o ricas em metal (Gonzalez 1997; Santos et al., 2004), enquanto que as estrelas evolu?das, que hospedagem planetas gigantes, n?o s?o (Pasquini et al 2007). De fato, diferentes fen?menos t?m sido propostos para explicar esta discrep?ncia em metalicidade, incluindo a polui??o estelar em estrelas da sequ?ncia principal (Laughlin $ \ & $ Adams 1997), ou um mecanismo de forma??o de planetas favorecendo o nascimento de planetas em torno de estrelas ricas em metal (Pollack al., 1996), como tamb?m o meio ambiente estelar (Haywood 2009). A observa??o das estrelas em aglomerados abertos oferece a possibilidade de controlar rigorosamente as caracter?sticas estelares, pois cada aglomerado representa um conjunto homog?neo de estrelas. Al?m disso, estrelas pertencentes a aglomerados abertos foram formadas ao mesmo tempo e nas mesmas condi??es e, portanto, espera-se que tem a mesma idade, metalicidade, e dist?ncia galatoc?ntrica. A partir do trabalho de Mermilliod $\& $ Mayor 2008, escolhemos aglomerados que abrigam estrelas gigantes para serem inclu?dos na nossa pesquisa. Utilizamos o banco de dados de aglomerados WEBDA (Mermilliod 1995) para obter informa??es sobre a nossa amostra. Os principais crit?rios que foram a idade do aglomerado (entre 0,02 e alguns Ganos, com massas do TO > 1,5 M$_{\ bigodot}$) e a magnitude de suas estrelas gigantes (mais brilhante do que V = 13,5). Em seguida, rejeitamos estrelas com ?ndice de cor (B - V) maiores que 1,4, porque gigantes frias brilhantes s?o conhecidas por terem VR inst?vel. As observa??es foram realizadas utilizando HARPS (Mayor et al., 2003), o ca?ador de planetas no telesc?pio ESO de 3,6 m. No modo de alta precis?o (HAM), temos uma abertura no c?u de um segundo de arco e um poder de resolu??o de 115.000. A faixa espectral coberta ? de 380-680 nm. Nossa an?lise espectral ? baseada nos modelos de atmosfera MARCS e na ferramentas espectrosc?picas Turbospectrum. N?s determinamos par?metros estelares e metalicidade de an?lise LTE de linhas Fe I e Fe II. Uma vez que temos a alta resolu??o e alta S/R espectral, n?s tamb?m computamos as abund?ncias de Li, usando a linha em 6.707,78 {\ AA}, Si I, Na I, Mg I, Al I, Ca I, Ti I, Co I, Ni I, Zr I, II e La Cr I. Apresentamos uma caracteriza??o espectrosc?pica de 42 estrelas gigantes, em 12 aglomerados estelares abertos, usando espectroscopia de alta resolu??o. Todos esses aglomerados s?o parte de uma busca por planetas gigantes que orbitam estrelas gigantes de massa intermediaria e os nossos resultados mostram que todos os aglomerados estudados tem $[Fe/H]$ com valores pr?ximos ao solar e que concordam com os resultados encontrados na literatura, apenas com uma pequena dispers?o. Estas abund?ncias nos permitir? realizar uma an?lise comparativa das abund?ncias de estrelas com e sem planetas, a partir do qual ser? poss?vel detectar diferen?as, anomalias e determinar o n?vel de intera??es planeta-estrela. O objetivo deste trabalho ? estudar a forma??o de planetas gigantes em aglomerados abertos. Desta forma, poderemos melhor compreender se um ambiente estelar pode afetar o processo de forma??o, a frequ?ncia e a evolu??o dos sistemas planet?rios em rela??o ?s estrelas de campo. / After the pioneering discovery of a giant planet orbiting 51 Peg by Mayor & Queloz (1995), about two decades ago, the literature reports the discovery of more than 3434 confirmed planets (exoplanet.eu), in about 2568 planetary systems. Solar mass main sequence field stars host the vast majority of these exoplanets. The observation of these stars offers several advantages, including brightness and a large variety of stellar characteristics, such as mass, age, chemical composition and evolutionary status. However, the widely differing characteristics of field stars also represents a drawback for our capability to derive precise conclusions to very basic questions, including the role of stellar environment on planet formation. There is no clear answer for the fact that main-sequence stars hosting giant planets are metal rich (Gonzalez 1997; Santos et al. 2004), while evolved stars hosting giant planets are not (Pasquini et al. 2007). Indeed, different phenomena have been proposed to explain this discrepancy in metallicity, including stellar pollution acting on main-sequence stars (Laughlin & Adams 1997, e.g.), a planet formation mechanism favouring the birth of planets around metal rich stars (Pollack al. 1996) and the stellar environment (Haywood 2009). The observation of stars in open cluster offers the possibility to strictly control the stellar characteristics, because each cluster represents a homogeneous set of stars. Besides, open cluster stars were formed at the same time and in the same circumstances and thus are expected to have the same age, metallicity, and galactocentric distance. From the work of Mermilliod & Mayor 2008 we choose clusters harbouring giants stars to be included in our survey. We used the WEBDA cluster database (Mermilliod 1995) to get information about our sample. The main criteria we focused on were the age of the cluster (between 0.02 and a few Gyr, with TO masses > 1,5 MJ) and the magnitude of its giant stars (brighter than V = 13.5). Then we rejected stars with colour index (B - V) larger than 1.4, because cool, bright giants are known to be RV unstable. The observations were performed using HARPS (Mayor et al. 2003), the planet hunter at the ESO 3.6 m telescope. In high accuracy mode (HAM), it has an aperture on the sky of one arcsecond, and a resolving power of 115000. The spectral range covered is 380 - 680 nm. Our spectral analysis is based on the MARCS models of atmospheres and Turbospectrum spectroscopic tool. We determined stellar parameters and metallicity from LTE analysis of Fe I and Fe II lines. Once we get the high resolution and high S/N spectra, we also computed Li abundances that was obtained using the line at 6707.78 ?, Si I, Na I, Mg I, Al I, Ca I, Ti I, Co I, Ni I, Zr I, La II and Cr I. We presented a spectroscopic characterisation of 42 giants, in 12 open clusters, using high resolution spectroscopy. All these clusters are part of a survey for giant planets orbiting intermediate-mass giant stars and the results show that all the clusters studied have [Fe=H] values close to solar, results that agree with the literature with a small dispersion. These abundances will enable us to perform a comparative analysis of the abundances of stars with and without planets, from which it will be possible to detect differences, anomalies and determine the level of planet-star interactions. The goal of this campaign is to study the formation of giant planets in OCs to understand whether a different environment might affect the planet formation process, the frequency, and the evolution of planetary systems with respect to field stars. In addition, searching for planets in OCs enables us to study the dependency of planet formation on stellar mass and to compare the chemical composition of stars with and without planets in detail.

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