This thesis aims to provide a summary overview of instruments of Czech law preventing insolvency petitions of being misused by the creditors and to asses, whether the current legislation provides sufficient protection for borrowers against fraudulent insolvency petitions and on the contrary, whether it does not disproportionately restrict the rights of creditors eligible to enforce their claims towards the borrower in bankruptcy. After the first chapter which defines the basic terms and concepts of the insolvency law, which are used further in the thesis, follows a chapter defining the term "fraudulent insolvency petition" itself and the common motivations of the creditors thereto. The third chapter analyses the particular instruments of private law suitable to provide protection against fraudulent insolvency petitions. The main part of this thesis is contained in the first part of this chapter, which describes the particular instruments of the Insolvency Act providing for protection of borrowers against fraudulent insolvency petitions. The following part of this chapter describes other instruments of private law that might be alternatively used against the fraudulent insolvency petitions. The fourth chapter then describes the criminal law consequences of the fraudulent insolvency petitions. In the...

A doutrina internacional costuma conceituar o \"forum shopping\" como a escolha da jurisdição mais favorável ao demandante, nas hipóteses em que haja competências internacionais concorrentes. Toda uma série de fenômenos trazidos com a globalização (sejam eles políticos, sociais ou econômicos) repercute concretamente no direito internacional privado, ampliando as possibilidades de litígios em escala mundial, e trazendo consigo diversas inquietações. O exercício dessa mesma opção em jurisdições estrangeiras, ao longo do tempo, tem levado a doutrina e a jurisprudência internacional a qualificar o forum shopping quer como um abuso do direito processual quer como um direito potestativo legítimo do demandante. A proposta deste trabalho é a análise do fenômeno no âmbito do direito internacional privado, com enfoque nos efeitos de ordem material e processual que refletem nos conflitos instaurados no Brasil e no estrangeiro, analisando-se casos de repercussão internacional. / The international doctrine usually conceptualizes forum shopping as the choice of jurisdiction more favorable to the plaintiff, in the hypothesis where there is international concurrent jurisdictions. A whole series of phenomena brought with the globalization (whether political, social or economic) reverberate concretely in the private international law, expanding the possibilities of disputes in a worldwide scale, bringing with itself several concerns. The exercise of such option in foreign jurisdictions, through out the time, has led the international doctrine and jurisprudence to qualify the forum shopping either as an abuse of procedural right either as a legitimate potestative right of the plaintiff. The purpose of this work is the analysis of the phenomenon in the context of private international law, focusing on the effects of substantive and procedural order that reflect in the conflicts filed in Brazil and in abroad, analyzing the cases of international repercussions.

The master thesis's topic are obstructions connected with the execution of the right to information, both by obligated entities as well as by information requestors. The right to information is a political right anchored in the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and also in the international contracts stipulating human rights. Its definition is relatively wide, but not unlimited, because next to it from constitutional order flow other rights, freedoms or legitimate national interests, with which the right to information can be in conflict. In particular, it is concerning the law on protecting privacy or the national interest for protecting secret information, whose disclosure could endanger the national safety. The right to information can collide with other rights, freedoms or interests, therefore can be rightfully restricted and it is possible not to provide the requested information. However, such a restriction has to be anchored in the law and must be proportional and essential to the protection of rights and freedom of others, national safety, public safety, protection of public health and morals.in a democratic society. In reality, the right to information is restricted also for reasons unforeseen by the law. The right to information is nonetheless incorrectly executed even in cases of some...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2019-03-15T12:26:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Carvalho dos Reis Júnior.pdf: 738158 bytes, checksum: 7583a271ec7d7d59b2b4c03769b17b22 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-15T12:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Carvalho dos Reis Júnior.pdf: 738158 bytes, checksum: 7583a271ec7d7d59b2b4c03769b17b22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-20 / The present thesis seeks to achieve a theoretical approximation between the concept of State of exception, as an expression of legal suspension of the norm, and the contemporary criminal and procedural Brazilian reality. For this purpose, we will make a picture of the constitucional criminal system of individual guarantees and liberties, presenting to the reader it’s line of action and the importance of the institutes in the democratic system model. In the following chapter we will reconstruct the concepts of State, Constitucional state, Liberal State of Law, Social State of law until we arrive at the current model, the democratic State governed by the rule of the law, demonstrating to the reader it’s bases and primacy. In the sequence we will trace the historical and philosophical evolution of the State of exception, starting from it’s core, in the Roman "iustitium", addressing here the conceptions formulated by Carl Schmitt and, at the modern time, by Giorgio Agamben. When approaching the state of exception, we will present its modern "branches" and its way of acting, notably the judicial activism, the central point of our study, as well as its differentiation with "decrees of urgency", in the Brazilian case the state of siege and of defense. In the last chapter we will present paradigmatic case studies of manifestation, even if shy, of the State of exception within the Brazilian legal regime, drawing the reader the risks of acceptance of this model, especially in the field of legal security and harmony of the system / O presente trabalho busca realizar uma aproximação teórica do conceito de Estado de exceção, como expressão de suspensão legal da norma, da realidade penal e processual brasileira contemporânea. Para tanto fazemos uma leitura do sistema de garantias e direitos individuais penais e processuais penais constitucionais, apresentando ao leitor seu âmbito de atuação e a importância dos institutos no modelo democrático garantista. No capítulo subsequente reconstruiremos os conceitos de Estado, Estado de direito, Estado liberal de direito, Estado social até chegarmos ao modelo atual, o Estado democrático de direito, demonstrando ao leitor suas bases e primados. Na sequência traçaremos a evolução histórica e filosófica do Estado de exceção, partindo de seu cerne, no iustitium romano, abordando aqui as concepções formuladas por Carl Schmitt e, contemporaneamente, por Giorgio Agamben. Quando da abordagem do Estado de exceção apresentaremos seus “braços” modernos e sua forma de atuação, notadamente o ativismo judicial, ponto central do nosso estudo, bem como sua diferenciação com os “decretos de urgência”, no caso brasileiro, o estado de sítio e de defesa. No derradeiro capítulo traremos estudos de casos paradigmáticos de manifestação, mesmo que tímida, do Estado de exceção dentro do regime jurídico brasileiro, desenhando ao leitor os riscos de aceitação desse modelo, notadamente no campo da segurança jurídica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reginaldo Boraschi.pdf: 1394408 bytes, checksum: 69e089599e03fe49bf41966447c52361 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-09 / Although the current Civil Code has been concerned with the definition of the institute to which the doctrine and jurisprudence termed called "abuse of rights" (Art. 187, CC), a reflection of the subject, and even more solutions and reach of Legal Writing that matter can assume achieve practical importance can be a new theme in the lives of our courts, because, at present, little has been addressing the abuse of the right of economic purpose. On this issue, perhaps even bringing the legal sciences definitions and concepts of economics entail a move away from the operator of the subject. The institute treated in this research is economic, but above all, legal. The economy is fueled by the malleability of the facts that surround it, more adapted to today's, the right, however, aims to lend strength to the same facts then used by economists, imposing, even against the will of individual liability, facet with which the economy is not identified. Open the way for the recovery of critical legal concept, we must think and reflect on the practical application of the institute, without neglecting the formula adopted by their inspirational. The effectiveness of this right, moreover, is consistent with the line of research adopted by the Program of Postgraduate Studies in Law from the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo. In this trajectory, we intend to discuss the main characteristics of abuse of rights, with emphasis on sociological and legal criteria for the institute. It seems the work of past criticism of the doctrine that denied the existence of abuse of rights, based mainly on the claim that the right stops where abuse begins, or in the absence of subjective rights. Abuser does not act without right. This right, however, is not unlimited, boundless. The system handles legal limit you when used contrary to the purposes for which it was designed. The abuse of the law, so care is an autonomous institute legal standing beside many other known and already sedimented in universal culture. The criterion defining the abuse of law, although made a speech about their elementary, according to the guidelines outlined by Article 187 of the current Brazilian Civil Code, the search for effective expression "economic purpose of the law" is the driving force behind this research. Your choice, by the way, is due exactly to the fact that the doctrine is poorly treated and even less in the case of the Courts. In this institute undeniable importance, relegate it to disuse for lack of criteria necessary for its use is something with which we can not agree / Embora o atual Código Civil tenha se preocupado com a definição do instituto a que a doutrina e a jurisprudência denominaram chamar abuso do direito (art. 187, CC), a reflexão do assunto, e mais ainda, as soluções e o alcance da redação legal a que a matéria pode alcançar assumem importância prática capaz de constituir um novo tema na vida dos nossos tribunais, até porque, na atualidade, pouco se tem debruçado sobre o abuso da finalidade econômica do direito. Sobre essa questão, talvez o fato de trazer às ciências jurídicas definições e conceitos próprios da economia acarretem ao operador um distanciamento do assunto. O instituto tratado nesta pesquisa é econômico, mas, sobretudo, jurídico. A economia é fomentada pela maleabilidade dos fatos que a cercam, mais adaptada com o hodierno; o direito, no entanto, tem a finalidade de emprestar força aos mesmos fatos então utilizados pelos economistas, impondo, ainda que contra a vontade individual, exigibilidade, faceta com a qual a economia não se identifica. Aberto o caminho para a valorização crítica do conceito legal, há que pensar e refletir sobre a aplicação prática do instituto, sem descuidar da fórmula adotada pelos seus inspiradores. A efetividade desse direito, aliás, está em consonância com a linha de pesquisa adotada pelo Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Direito da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Nesta trajetória, pretende-se discorrer sobre as principais características do abuso do direito, com ênfase nos critérios sociológicos e jurídicos relativos ao instituto. Parece obra do passado a crítica da doutrina que negava a existência do abuso do direito, fundamentada, principalmente, na afirmação de que o direito cessa onde o abuso começa, ou na inexistência dos direitos subjetivos. Quem abusa não atua sem direito. Esse direito, entretanto, não é ilimitado, desmedido. O sistema jurídico cuida de limitá-lo quando for utilizado contrariamente às finalidades pelo qual ele foi idealizado. O abuso do direito, portanto, cuida-se de um instituto jurídico autônomo que está ao lado de tantos outros conhecidos e já sedimentados na cultura universal. Quanto ao critério definidor do abuso do direito, embora seja realizado um discurso sobre suas elementares, consoante a diretriz traçada pelo artigo 187 do atual Código Civil brasileiro, a procura pela eficácia da expressão finalidade econômica do direito é a mola propulsora desta pesquisa. Sua escolha, a propósito, deve-se exatamente ao fato de que é pouco tratada na doutrina e muito menos na jurisprudência dos Tribunais. Na inegável importância deste instituto, relegá-lo ao desuso por falta de critérios necessários à sua utilização é algo com o qual não se pode concorda

The default has been regulated from a perspective focused on protecting the debtor. Nowadays, this view has become outdated and it is necessary to redesign it.In this article, the author studies the default with the support of the Italian doctrine. In this order, he addresses issues such as the assignation of the amounts to be payed and the onus of cooperation that falls on the creditor. / La mora ha venido regulándose desde un paradigma de defensa del deudor. Hoy en día, esta imagen viene a ser desfasada y es necesario actualizarla. A lo largo del presente artículo, el autor estudia la figura de la mora apoyándose principalmente en la doctrina italiana. En este marco, toca temas como la asignación de los montos a indemnizar y la carga de cooperación que recae en el acreedor

Diploma thesis describes jurisprudence of tax law and abuse of tax law. The aim of this thesis is to specify the term abuse of law more clearly and assess the development of abuse of law in Czech jurisprudence in area of taxes up to year 2015.

75 Abstract Criminal liability in environmental protection Presented dissertation deals with a very current topic, which is environmental protection through the criminal law standards. It mostly deals with criminal environmental protection instruments in the Czech Republic and puts them into the international and European context. It describes the conditions of a criminal liability with an emphasis on the criminal liability of the legal persons, a new element in Czech law. A big part of this dissertation is dedicated to the individual environmental crimes, which can be found in the criminal code in a part VIII or in another parts within the special part. Two chapters are dedicated to analysis of the two crimes in detail - Damage and threats of the environment (including its negligent forms) and Animal abuse including the historical development of it. The aim of this dissertation is an analysis of actual and efficient legal regulation.

The purpose of my thesis is to analyze and characterize circumvention of the law, real content of legal acts and abuse of law in relation to tax planning. To combat tax abuse tax administrator has these three instruments available which in turn set limits of tax planning. The thesis is composed of four chapters. Chapter One differentiates between tax planning, tax abuse and tax evasion as different methods of lowering tax liability. Chapter Two consists of four subchapters, first three containing analysis and characteristic of circumvention of the law, real contents of legal acts and abuse of law. Each of these subchapters builds upon general definition which is then refined by case law of the Supreme Administrative Court and concludes with typical cases. The fourth subchapter deals with "tax evasion by other means" which some authors consider a similar instrument. The third chapter summarizes the current legislative state of these instruments and offers some thoughts de lege ferenda. The fourth chapter contains deeper analysis of the most important case law relating to individual instruments. Chapter Four should serve the reader as a reference while reading Chapter Two. Thesis illustrates the most typical cases of each individual instrument and concludes that the abuse of law doctrine is the most...

O presente estudo analisa teorias do abuso no planejamento tributário. Inicialmente, busca-se definir e diferenciar planejamento tributário, planejamento tributário abusivo e evasão fiscal, partindo-se da premissa de que compete a cada Estado estabelecer, de forma peculiar, quais os critérios devem ser adotados para a identificação dessas figuras em seu ordenamento jurídico. Analisam-se os princípios constitucionais que podem ser ponderados no Brasil em relação a esse tema. Diante das teses que defendem a adoção, pelo Direito Tributário brasileiro, do abuso do direito, do abuso de formas, da fraude à lei e do propósito negocial, inclusive com fundamento nas experiências do Direito estrangeiro, analisa-se como tais teorias têm sido originalmente construídas, respectivamente, pela França, Alemanha, Espanha e Estados Unidos da América. Após a análise de cada uma dessas teorias estrangeiras, analisam-se os fundamentos da doutrina e jurisprudência favoráveis e contrários à sua aplicação no ordenamento tributário brasileiro, seja a partir de princípios jurídicos, de dispositivos do Código Tributário Nacional (em especial, art. 116, parágrafo único) ou mesmo do novo Código Civil (em especial, art. 187). Por fim, busca-se apresentar qual a norma atualmente vigente no Brasil para a tutela do planejamento tributário. / This study examines theories of abuse in tax planning. Initially, it defines and differentiates tax planning, tax avoidance and tax evasion, starting from the premise that is to the State to establish, in a peculiar way, in which criteria should be adopted for the identification of these figures in its legal system. It examines the constitutional principles that can be weighted in Brazil in relation to this theme. It examines the arguments that advocate the adoption of some theories by the Brazilian tax law, as abuse of law, abuse of forms, fraus legis and business purpose test. The research considers how such theories have been originally constructed, respectively, by France, Germany, Spain and the United States of America. After analyzes of each one of these foreign theories and examines the fundamentals of doctrine and court decisions that would be favorable or unfavorable for its application in the Brazilian tax planning, either from legal principles, from National Tax Code (in particular, art. 116, single paragraph) or even from the new Civil Code (in particular, art. 187). Finally, analyses which rule is currently in force in Brazil to the tax planning issues.