The present thesis examined the relative contribution of dopamine (DA) receptors in the brain and periphery in the control of sucrose intake. Intraperitoneal (ip) administration of pimozide, an antagonist at peripheral and brain DA receptors, suppressed both sham and real sucrose intake in a dose-related manner. In contrast, ip injections of the peripheral DA antagonist domperidone affected neither sham nor real sucrose intake. The inability of domperidone to influence sucrose intake did not result from a lack of biological activity because doses of domperidone that did not alter sucrose intake significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion. The results indicate that central, but not peripheral DA receptors are involved in the control of feeding of sucrose solutions and that sham sucrose intake appears to be more sensitive to disruption of DA activity than real sucrose intake. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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The present thesis examined the potential interaction between postingestive cues and the dopamine antagonist pimozide on the inhibition of sucrose sham intake. Coadministration of CCK and pimozide IP produced additive inhibitory effects on sham feeding of 4% or 17.1% sucrose. Manipulations of blood glucose levels by infusion of 10% dextrose or injection of 0.1U insulin SC did not interact with pimozide to alter the latter drug's inhibition of 34.2% sucrose sham feeding. Separate experiments verified that these manipulations significantly altered blood glucose levels compared to a control 0.9% saline infusion IV. Infusions of d-glucose into the lateral ventricle significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects of pimozide on 34.2% sucrose sham intake compared to infusions of!glucose or 2-deoxy-glucose. Infusions of d-glucose into the third ventricle, however, significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of pimozide on 34.2% sucrose sham feeding compared to the control l-glucose infusions. These results collectively suggest that some postingestive cues, such as elevations in third ventricle glucose levels, are indeed capable of inhibiting the suppressive effects of pimozide on sucrose sham feeding. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

To test the hypothesis that postprandial rises of plasma glucose attenuate the motivation derived from positive tastes, I analyzed the effects of intraperitoneal (ip) injections of glucose on sham feeding, a preparation in which food intake is motivated primarily by taste sensations. IP glucose suppressed sham feeding, with maximal suppressions approximating 42%, but only when glucose was administered contiguous with oropharyngeal stimulation. The food intake inhibition produced by ip glucose interacted with palatability; smaller doses of glucose were required to suppress less concentrated sucrose solutions. Closing the gastric cannula increased the potency with which ip glucose inhibited eating suggesting synergy of postabsorptive glucose with other postgastric satiety signals. The inhibition of eating produced by ip glucose did not result from malaise. Thus, postabsorptive rises of plasma glucose decrease the ability of taste cues to drive ingestion and suggest that this phenomenon may contribute to spontaneous meal termination. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

<p> The present thesis examined the relative contribution of hypothalamic and nucleus accumbens dopaminergic activity to the control of sucrose sham feeding. Bilateral intracranial infusions of the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol at doses of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ug, into the hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens produced dose-dependent suppressions of sham feeding of a 15% sucrose solution. No differences in temporal pattern of intake were observed between hypothalamic and nucleus accumbens infusions under drug or vehicle conditions. Also, motor deficits were observed with the highest dose of haloperidol (7.5 ug) while the three lower doses inhibited sham feeding without obvious signs of motor impairment. These results suggest that mesolimbic as well as hypothalamic dopaminergic activity mediate the hedonic aspects of feeding. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

This thesis is an exploration into the possibilities and repercussions of articulating zeitgeist, that is, the spirit of our current age. The parameters and ramifications of such a project are, in this writing, analyzed in reference to the notion of historicity, and the narrative gaze that it perpetuates. The mechanism of canonization, and a discourse's capacity to be viral are examined.

P. falciparum est le principal responsable des formes graves du paludisme. Le parasiteévolue entre deux hôtes (homme et moustique) qui lui imposent différents environnements; ettout particulièrement, des modifications des pressions partielles d’O2 nécessitant des capacitésd’adaptation surprenantes pour un parasite microaérophile. Chez l’hôte vertébré, lesphénomènes de cytoadhésion, ralentissant la progression du parasite notamment au niveau despoumons, augmentent la durée d’exposition aux conditions hyperoxiques.La dynamique de la réponse parasitaire à l’hyperoxie a été étudiée par une approchecombinée de transcriptomique et de protéomique. Certains mécanismes de défense contre lesespèces réactives d’oxygène ont été appréciés, dont une éventuelle fonction oxydasealternative.L’exposition du parasite à 21% d’O2 induit un retard de croissance au niveau de laschizogonie. Le stress oxydatif induit par l’hyperoxie entraîne des perturbations métaboliquescomme une inhibition de la glycolyse en faveur de la respiration et un ralentissement dumétabolisme de la vacuole digestive. Cette action combinée sur le métabolisme mitochondrialet vacuolaire permet au parasite de s’adapter à un environnement hyperoxydant, en régulant laproduction d’espèces réactives d’oxygène. Nos travaux ont montré qu’un inhibiteur de lafonction oxydase alternative, l’acide salicylhydroxamique ou SHAM, avec un effet mineur surla croissance parasitaire en microaérophilie, avait un effet létal sur les parasites en hyperoxie.Une meilleure compréhension de la biologie parasitaire pourrait contribuer audéveloppement de nouveaux traitements antipaludiques associés à une thérapie hyperbarique. / P. falciparum is the main species responsible for severe case of malaria. The parasiteevolves between two hosts (human and mosquito), imposing to it different environments;especially changes in the O2 pressure, demanding astonishing adaptation skills for amicroaerophilic parasite. In the vertebrate host, the phenomena of cytoadhesion, which slowdown the spread of the parasite among others in the lungs, increase the timing of exposure tohyperoxic conditions.The parasitic response dynamic to hyperoxia has been analysed by a combinedtranscriptomic and proteomic approach. Some of the defense mechanisms against reactiveoxygen species have been evaluated, among which a potential alternative oxidase function.The exposure of the parasite to 21%O2 atmosphere leads to a growth delay atschizogony level. The oxidative stress resulting from the hyperoxia conducts to metabolicalterations, as an inhibition of the glycolysis in favour of respiration and as a slowdown of themetabolism of the digestive vacuole. This combined action on the mitochondrial and vacuolarmetabolisms allows the parasite to adapt itself to hyperoxic environment, by regulatingreactive oxygen species. Our works have shown that an inhibitor of the alternative oxidasefunction, the salicylhydroxamic acid or SHAM, with a minor effect on the parasite growth inmicroaerophily, had letal effect on parasites in hyperoxia.A better understanding of the parasitic biology could contribute to the development ofnew antimalarial treatments, associated with a hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

This mini-dissertation is aimed at analysing the requirements the court takes into consideration when deciding to pierce a trust veil in either insolvency or divorce matters. A clear exposition of the legal nature of a trust is provided to determine how a trust affords the extensive protection to trust assets, the very characteristic that makes it as popular as it is today. It is due to this protection of trust assets that a trust has become the object of abuse by founders and trustees, and the court has felt it necessary to introduce a remedy. In Badenhorst v Badenhorst the court stated that the company law doctrine of piercing the veil should be extended to trust law. Some authors criticised this judgement, and arguments pro(for) the extension is included in the conclusion. The research explored the circumstances that warrants the piercing of a trust veil and it was found that the court is likely to pierce a trust veil if the trust form was abused. The study then shifts its focus to the type of abuse the court seeks to remedy. A trust can amount to be the alter ego of a person or a court can deem a trust to be a sham. The research investigates the distinction between the two in depth, and the resultant finding is that only alter ego trusts will be pierced by a court, since a sham trust means that no valid trust has in fact been formed and therefore there is no veil to pierce. Often the courts are confused by the two and the likelyhood of a trust being labelled a sham by South African courts are slim. To find that a trust was abused, the courts will look at the essential requirements of forming a trust to determine the validity. The most important factors that the court considers when deciding to pierce the veil, is the type of control over the trust assets and the intention with which the trust is created or kept. An extensive analysis of the Companies Act and the doctrine of piercing the veil was done to probe their compatability with trust law and to see if the remedy is in fact effective and correctly applied. Case law to support the court‘s view and application of the mentioned doctrine is discussed and evaluated. The study closes with an evaluation of the procedure of piercing the veil and the consequences following such piercing, as well as the arguments for allowing piercing of a trust veil to force trust users to obey the basic trust idea of separation of enjoyment from control. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This mini-dissertation is aimed at analysing the requirements the court takes into consideration when deciding to pierce a trust veil in either insolvency or divorce matters. A clear exposition of the legal nature of a trust is provided to determine how a trust affords the extensive protection to trust assets, the very characteristic that makes it as popular as it is today. It is due to this protection of trust assets that a trust has become the object of abuse by founders and trustees, and the court has felt it necessary to introduce a remedy. In Badenhorst v Badenhorst the court stated that the company law doctrine of piercing the veil should be extended to trust law. Some authors criticised this judgement, and arguments pro(for) the extension is included in the conclusion. The research explored the circumstances that warrants the piercing of a trust veil and it was found that the court is likely to pierce a trust veil if the trust form was abused. The study then shifts its focus to the type of abuse the court seeks to remedy. A trust can amount to be the alter ego of a person or a court can deem a trust to be a sham. The research investigates the distinction between the two in depth, and the resultant finding is that only alter ego trusts will be pierced by a court, since a sham trust means that no valid trust has in fact been formed and therefore there is no veil to pierce. Often the courts are confused by the two and the likelyhood of a trust being labelled a sham by South African courts are slim. To find that a trust was abused, the courts will look at the essential requirements of forming a trust to determine the validity. The most important factors that the court considers when deciding to pierce the veil, is the type of control over the trust assets and the intention with which the trust is created or kept. An extensive analysis of the Companies Act and the doctrine of piercing the veil was done to probe their compatability with trust law and to see if the remedy is in fact effective and correctly applied. Case law to support the court‘s view and application of the mentioned doctrine is discussed and evaluated. The study closes with an evaluation of the procedure of piercing the veil and the consequences following such piercing, as well as the arguments for allowing piercing of a trust veil to force trust users to obey the basic trust idea of separation of enjoyment from control. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde überprüft, ob sich sham-operierte Versuchsratten und gesunde Vergleichsratten in via Cine-Herz-MRT zu erfassenden Parametern signifkant unterscheiden. Hierzu wurden an einem Bruker 7 Tesla-Magnetresonanztomografen drei verschiedene Tiergruppen à 6 Tiere untersucht. Der erste Vergleich fand statt zwischen der gesunden Vergleichsgruppe und einer ähnlich schweren Shamtiergruppe, die sich in der 8. postoperativen Woche befand. Nachdem hier keinerlei signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen festzustellen waren, wurde der Vergleich ausgeweitet: Die Shamgruppe wurde zu einem frühen postoperativen Zeitpunkt (7-14 Tage postoperativ) ein zweites Mal mit der gesunden Gruppe verglichen. / The aim of this study was to test whether heart infarction sham operated rats were disparable from healthy rats by parameters captured by Cine MRI, gold standard of cardiac imaging. Therefore three groups of animals were examined, right and left ventricular myocardial parameters were determined and a comprehensive comparison of cardiac parameters was done. The first comparison was drawn between a healthy animal group and sham operated animals of nearly similar weight and age, 8 weeks after surgical procedure. Furthermore, we compared the same healthy animals’ group with remarkably younger sham animals quite shortly (in the 2nd week) after surgery.