Tesis para optar al título de Arquitecto / En el Archipiélago de Chiloé, se encuentra la Isla Tac, quien dispone de electricidad las veinticuatro horas desde el año 2000. Sin embargo, en la actualidad no presenta ningún estudio sobre las consecuencias de su condición energética. De allí, que el propósito de la presente investigación consistió en analizar las transformaciones territoriales generadas por la instalación de energía en Tac desde el año 1990 hacia su proyección al 2029. Para ello, se realizó un balance del estado territorial de la Isla Tac durante los últimos treinta años, producto de la instalación de energía eléctrica y que determinó el diseño de una planificación territorial en aras del desarrollo, hacia el año 2029, con un enfoque en las Energías Renovables No Convencionales (ERNC). La presente tesis se justificó en la responsabilidad que le cabe a la arquitectura de participar activamente en el proceso de electrificación desde su inicio; innovando e integrando la planificación territorial, la administración de la energía y el desarrollo sostenible. El estudio, tomó como referencia las experiencias de la Unión Europea para los territorios insulares. Metodológicamente el trabajo investigativo, presenta un sustento de tipo cualitativo y cuantitativo, con un carácter descriptivo-exploratorio, orientado a develar las transformaciones territoriales de Isla Tac producto de la instalación de energía eléctrica. Todo esto, mediante el acopio de datos y trabajo de campo. Los resultados obtenidos de esta tesis arrojaron que es vital la aplicación de una planificación territorial para Isla Tac, la cual debe incluir estratégicamente el rol de las ERNC, conservando el medioambiente, integrando a la sociedad y respondiendo de manera acertada a los requerimientos económicos, de manera que todos los esfuerzos apunten a la misma dirección: el desarrollo de Isla Tac.

This thesis is focused on the evaluation of traditional chinese medicine (TCM) assortment of plants in the experimental garden ZF MENDELU. 51 species were evaluated by their aesthetic qualities. 43 species were used for harvesting and processing of drugs. These were described botanically and new information of the content of substances, the use and dosage of drugs were collected. The practical part of theses was scoped to the measurement of chemical substances content in plants. Total amount of flavonoids (TFC), phenols (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by FRAP and DPPH method has been investigated. For 13 plants was determined yield of essential oil. For species used in fresh state, concentration of vitamin C has also been determined. Some annual and perrenial species has been added to the assortment of cultivated plants. The list of plant species TCM, which are perspective for cultivation in the Czech Republic, has been also created.

No description available.

Activating the immune system in the therapeutic treatment of cancer is rapidly growing and has demonstrated tremendous success. One such method is engineering T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to specifically direct them in targeting tumours, however this has been associated with several toxicities that may be linked to the synthetic nature of the CAR. To address this, our laboratory created the T Cell Antigen Coupler (TAC), an alternative receptor that redirects T cells in a more natural TCR-dependent fashion. The TAC consists of three components: the antigen-binding domain that recognizes a tumour antigen, a TCR-recruitment domain that co-opts the native CD3-TCR complex and a CD4 co-receptor domain. The TAC displays unique biology, specifically in the increased antitumor infiltration and clearance of solid malignancies without any of the observed host toxicities seen with CARs. The functionality of the TAC was shown to be dependent on both the antigen binding and TCR-recruitment domains, however the co-receptor domain remains relatively uninvestigated despite evidence in the literature indicating its importance in endogenous T cell activation. This thesis seeks to better understand the biology of the TAC receptor by investigating the contributions of co-receptor domain. In Chapter 3, we replaced the CD4 co-receptor domain with CD8 variants and showed that the TAC retains functionality. In Chapter 4, we removed the cytosolic domain of the TAC in its entirety (creating a “tailless TAC”) and observed increased in vivo efficacy. In Chapter 5, we evaluated the tailless TAC in different cancer models and consistently observed increased in vivo efficacy compared to the full length TAC. These results demonstrate an increase in the in vivo functionality of the TAC receptor when the cytoplasmic tail is removed, giving us further insights into the mechanisms behind the unique biology of the TAC receptor. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Cancer is the leading cause of death in Canada, and it is expected that 2 in 5 Canadians will develop some form of cancer in their lifetime. The immune system presents an intriguing alternative method to treat tumours since immune cells such as T cells can circulate through the body and seek and destroy harmful cells, including tumours. Here, we focus on the T cell Antigen Coupler (TAC), a genetically engineered receptor that our laboratory originally designed that directs T cells to recognize and destroy specific cancer cells. This thesis looks at the inner workings of the receptor, specifically a part called the inner tail, and how this feature contributes to how the TAC works. Our results show that removing the tail increases the T cell’s ability to safely clear different tumours in living organisms, bringing us a step closer in designing new and safe treatments for cancer patients.

Os recém-nascidos possuem o sistema antioxidante imaturo, por haver baixa tensão de oxigênio no ambiente intrauterino durante a vida fetal. Logo após o nascimento, as alterações súbitas das condições fisiológicas e ambientais causam significativo aumento no consumo de oxigênio, desencadeando, assim, a produção de radicais livres. Tais condições promovem vulnerabilidade dos neonatos ao efeito negativo do estresse oxidativo, o que potencialmente podem prejudicar a vitalidade neonatal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o perfil antioxidante e estresse oxidativo de neonatos e fêmeas caninas no periparto eutócico vaginal ou cesariana eletiva, e avaliar a influência da condição obstétrica para o estado oxidativo. Foram selecionadas 21 cadelas gestantes, as quais, constituíram dois grupos amostrais, de acordo com a condição obstétrica: Eutocia Vaginal (n = 10) e Cesariana Eletiva (n = 11); e seus respectivos neonatos foram alocados em subgrupos de acordo com a condição obstétrica e momento do nascimento: Eutocia Vaginal Inicial (n=10), Eutocia Vaginal Final (n = 9), Cesariana Eletiva Inicial (n = 11) e Cesariana Eletiva final (n= 10). As cadelas foram avaliadas no período pródromo do parto, intraparto; uma hora e três dias pós-parto, quando amostras de sangue foram colhidas para análise do perfil antioxidante [dosagem das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), dosagem da concentração de tióis totais e determinação do status antioxidante total(TAC)] e do estresse oxidativo [dosagem da peroxidação lipídica (TBARS) e da oxidação de proteínas]. Os neonatos foram avaliados quanto ao escore Apgar aos 0 e 60 minutos do nascimento; avaliação clínica (frequências cardíaca e respiratória; escore de tônus muscular, irritabilidade reflexa e coloração de mucosa, aferição da temperatura corporal), lactatemia sanguínea, oximetria de pulso, determinação do perfil antioxidante e do estresse oxidativo e aferição do peso corporal aos 0, 60 minutos, às 12, 24 horas e ao 3º dia pós nascimento. As cadelas do Grupo Eutocia Vaginal apresentaram maior peroxidação lipídica, oxidação de proteínas e atividade de SOD e menor atividade de GPx e concentração de tióis totais em comparação ao Grupo Cesariana Eletiva. A capacidade antioxidante total elevou-se após 1h do parto em comparação aos outros momentos de avaliação no Grupo Cesariana Eletiva. Embora os neonatos do Grupo Eutocia Vaginal tenham apresentado melhores parâmetros de vitalidade neonatal, em comparação ao Grupo Cesariana Eletiva, todos os neonatos apresentaram adequada evolução do escore Apgar, coloração de mucosa, irritabilidade reflexa, tônus muscular e oxigenação periférica após 1h do nascimento. A lactatemia sanguínea foi maior no Grupo Eutocia Vaginal, bem como nos neonatos nascidos ao final do parto. A peroxidação lipídica foi superior nos neonatos nascidos por eutocia vaginal em comparação aos nascidos por cesariana eletiva, enquanto a oxidação de proteínas mostrou-se maior nos primeiros neonatos nascidos por eutocia vaginal em comparação aos nascidos ao final do parto. Porém, resultado contrário foi verificado para o Grupo Cesariana Eletiva, pois os neonatos nascidos ao final da cirurgia apresentaram maior valor de oxidação de proteínas. Ademais, para os neonatos nascidos ao final do parto, o Grupo Cesariana Eletiva apresentou maior oxidação proteica em comparação ao Grupo Eutocia Vaginal. A atividade da GPx foi superior nos neonatos nascidos por cesariana eletiva. Em conclusão, a condição obstétrica impõe diferenças no perfil oxidativo e antioxidante em cadelas e neonatos, os quais apresentam estado oxidativo semelhante, denotando influência materna sobre o equilíbrio oxidativo dos recém-nascidos. / Newborns have an immature antioxidant system, due to low oxygen exposure in intrauterine environment during fetal life. Immediately after birth, sudden changes of physiological and environmental conditions cause a significant increase in oxygen consumption, resulting in the production of free radicals. These conditions turn the newborn vulnerable to the negative effects of oxidative stress, which potentially can impair neonatal vitality. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant profile and oxidative stress of neonates and canine females during vaginal labour or elective cesarean section, and to evaluate whether the obstetric condition influences their oxidative status. For this purpose, 21 pregnant bitches were subjected to two experimental groups, according to the obstetric condition: Vaginal Eutocia (n = 10) and Elective Cesarian Section (n = 11) and their respective newborns were allocated into subgroups according to the obstetric condition and moment of birth: Inicial Vaginal Eutocia (n=10), Final Vaginal Eutocia (n = 9), Inicial Elective Cesarian Section (n = 11) and Final Elective Cesarian Section (n= 10). Bitches were evaluated during the preparatory phase of whelping, intrapartum; one and 72 hours postpartum, when blood samples were collected for analysis of the antioxidant profile [Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activity enzymes assays, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) assay and Total Thiols Concentration assay] and oxidative stress [lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and protein oxidation assays]. Neonates were evaluated for the Apgar score at 0 and 60 minutes of birth; clinical evaluation (heart and respiratory rates; muscle tone, irritability reflex and mucous color score; and body temperature), blood lactate, pulse oximetry, determination of antioxidant profile and oxidative stress, and body weight measurement at 0, 60 minutes, 12, 24 and 72 hours after birth. The Vaginal Eutocia bitches had higher lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and SOD activity and lower GPx activity and total thiols concentration in comparison to the Elective Cesarian Section Group. Total antioxidant capacity was higher 1 hour postpartum compared to the others evaluation moments in the Elective Cesarian Section Group. Although neonates from the Vaginal Eutocia Group presented better neonatal vitality than those from the Elective Cesarian Section, all neonates presented adequate evolution of the Apgar score, mucous color, irritability reflex, muscle tone and pulse oximetry 1 hour postpartum. Blood lactatemia was higher in the Vaginal Eutocia Group, as well as for the last neonates. Lipid peroxidation was higher in neonates born by vaginal eutocia compared to those born by elective cesarean section, whereas protein oxidation was higher in the first neonates born by vaginal eutocia compared to those born at the end of delivery. Conversely, Elective Cesarian Section neonates born at the end of surgery had higher protein oxidation. In addition, for those neonates born at the end of delivery, the Elective Cesarian Section group presented higher protein oxidation compared to the Vaginal Eutocia group. Furthermore, GPx activity was higher in neonates born by elective caesarean section. In conclusion, the obstetric condition imposes differences in the oxidative and antioxidant profile in bitches and neonates with similar oxidative status, denoting maternal influence on the oxidative balance of the newborns.

Os recém-nascidos possuem o sistema antioxidante imaturo, por haver baixa tensão de oxigênio no ambiente intrauterino durante a vida fetal. Logo após o nascimento, as alterações súbitas das condições fisiológicas e ambientais causam significativo aumento no consumo de oxigênio, desencadeando, assim, a produção de radicais livres. Tais condições promovem vulnerabilidade dos neonatos ao efeito negativo do estresse oxidativo, o que potencialmente podem prejudicar a vitalidade neonatal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o perfil antioxidante e estresse oxidativo de neonatos e fêmeas caninas no periparto eutócico vaginal ou cesariana eletiva, e avaliar a influência da condição obstétrica para o estado oxidativo. Foram selecionadas 21 cadelas gestantes, as quais, constituíram dois grupos amostrais, de acordo com a condição obstétrica: Eutocia Vaginal (n = 10) e Cesariana Eletiva (n = 11); e seus respectivos neonatos foram alocados em subgrupos de acordo com a condição obstétrica e momento do nascimento: Eutocia Vaginal Inicial (n=10), Eutocia Vaginal Final (n = 9), Cesariana Eletiva Inicial (n = 11) e Cesariana Eletiva final (n= 10). As cadelas foram avaliadas no período pródromo do parto, intraparto; uma hora e três dias pós-parto, quando amostras de sangue foram colhidas para análise do perfil antioxidante [dosagem das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), dosagem da concentração de tióis totais e determinação do status antioxidante total(TAC)] e do estresse oxidativo [dosagem da peroxidação lipídica (TBARS) e da oxidação de proteínas]. Os neonatos foram avaliados quanto ao escore Apgar aos 0 e 60 minutos do nascimento; avaliação clínica (frequências cardíaca e respiratória; escore de tônus muscular, irritabilidade reflexa e coloração de mucosa, aferição da temperatura corporal), lactatemia sanguínea, oximetria de pulso, determinação do perfil antioxidante e do estresse oxidativo e aferição do peso corporal aos 0, 60 minutos, às 12, 24 horas e ao 3º dia pós nascimento. As cadelas do Grupo Eutocia Vaginal apresentaram maior peroxidação lipídica, oxidação de proteínas e atividade de SOD e menor atividade de GPx e concentração de tióis totais em comparação ao Grupo Cesariana Eletiva. A capacidade antioxidante total elevou-se após 1h do parto em comparação aos outros momentos de avaliação no Grupo Cesariana Eletiva. Embora os neonatos do Grupo Eutocia Vaginal tenham apresentado melhores parâmetros de vitalidade neonatal, em comparação ao Grupo Cesariana Eletiva, todos os neonatos apresentaram adequada evolução do escore Apgar, coloração de mucosa, irritabilidade reflexa, tônus muscular e oxigenação periférica após 1h do nascimento. A lactatemia sanguínea foi maior no Grupo Eutocia Vaginal, bem como nos neonatos nascidos ao final do parto. A peroxidação lipídica foi superior nos neonatos nascidos por eutocia vaginal em comparação aos nascidos por cesariana eletiva, enquanto a oxidação de proteínas mostrou-se maior nos primeiros neonatos nascidos por eutocia vaginal em comparação aos nascidos ao final do parto. Porém, resultado contrário foi verificado para o Grupo Cesariana Eletiva, pois os neonatos nascidos ao final da cirurgia apresentaram maior valor de oxidação de proteínas. Ademais, para os neonatos nascidos ao final do parto, o Grupo Cesariana Eletiva apresentou maior oxidação proteica em comparação ao Grupo Eutocia Vaginal. A atividade da GPx foi superior nos neonatos nascidos por cesariana eletiva. Em conclusão, a condição obstétrica impõe diferenças no perfil oxidativo e antioxidante em cadelas e neonatos, os quais apresentam estado oxidativo semelhante, denotando influência materna sobre o equilíbrio oxidativo dos recém-nascidos. / Newborns have an immature antioxidant system, due to low oxygen exposure in intrauterine environment during fetal life. Immediately after birth, sudden changes of physiological and environmental conditions cause a significant increase in oxygen consumption, resulting in the production of free radicals. These conditions turn the newborn vulnerable to the negative effects of oxidative stress, which potentially can impair neonatal vitality. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant profile and oxidative stress of neonates and canine females during vaginal labour or elective cesarean section, and to evaluate whether the obstetric condition influences their oxidative status. For this purpose, 21 pregnant bitches were subjected to two experimental groups, according to the obstetric condition: Vaginal Eutocia (n = 10) and Elective Cesarian Section (n = 11) and their respective newborns were allocated into subgroups according to the obstetric condition and moment of birth: Inicial Vaginal Eutocia (n=10), Final Vaginal Eutocia (n = 9), Inicial Elective Cesarian Section (n = 11) and Final Elective Cesarian Section (n= 10). Bitches were evaluated during the preparatory phase of whelping, intrapartum; one and 72 hours postpartum, when blood samples were collected for analysis of the antioxidant profile [Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activity enzymes assays, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) assay and Total Thiols Concentration assay] and oxidative stress [lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and protein oxidation assays]. Neonates were evaluated for the Apgar score at 0 and 60 minutes of birth; clinical evaluation (heart and respiratory rates; muscle tone, irritability reflex and mucous color score; and body temperature), blood lactate, pulse oximetry, determination of antioxidant profile and oxidative stress, and body weight measurement at 0, 60 minutes, 12, 24 and 72 hours after birth. The Vaginal Eutocia bitches had higher lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and SOD activity and lower GPx activity and total thiols concentration in comparison to the Elective Cesarian Section Group. Total antioxidant capacity was higher 1 hour postpartum compared to the others evaluation moments in the Elective Cesarian Section Group. Although neonates from the Vaginal Eutocia Group presented better neonatal vitality than those from the Elective Cesarian Section, all neonates presented adequate evolution of the Apgar score, mucous color, irritability reflex, muscle tone and pulse oximetry 1 hour postpartum. Blood lactatemia was higher in the Vaginal Eutocia Group, as well as for the last neonates. Lipid peroxidation was higher in neonates born by vaginal eutocia compared to those born by elective cesarean section, whereas protein oxidation was higher in the first neonates born by vaginal eutocia compared to those born at the end of delivery. Conversely, Elective Cesarian Section neonates born at the end of surgery had higher protein oxidation. In addition, for those neonates born at the end of delivery, the Elective Cesarian Section group presented higher protein oxidation compared to the Vaginal Eutocia group. Furthermore, GPx activity was higher in neonates born by elective caesarean section. In conclusion, the obstetric condition imposes differences in the oxidative and antioxidant profile in bitches and neonates with similar oxidative status, denoting maternal influence on the oxidative balance of the newborns.

INTRODUCCIÓN:- La biopsia es el proceso que obtiene y analiza tejidos. La biopsia quirúrgica (BQ) es de elección pero sus complicaciones justifican el uso de técnicas mínimamente invasivas como la BVP. Desde los 90, la nueva tecnología y el trabajo multidisciplinar han hecho de la BVP una técnica rutinaria, fiable y de bajo coste. HIPÓTESIS Y OBJETIVOS.- La BVP es de elección para confirmar la existencia de lesiones focales del raquis y establecer un diagnóstico exacto de tumor o infección, obteniendo muestra de tejido suficiente en más de un 90% de casos y exacta en más de un 80%.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Este es un estudio retrospectivo de 222 BVP realizadas en un período de 8 años y un seguimiento clínico-radiológico mínimo de un año. Son 119 varones y 103 mujeres (media 58a.) de quienes se obtuvieron datos clínicos, de imagen y patológicos. Se explotaron estadísticamente mediante el sistema SPSS. La técnica reglada de biopsia consistió en selección, consentimiento, uso de tomografía computarizada (TC) como guía, punción coaxial con aguja fina y gruesa, amplia distribución de la muestra y valoración final. Los resultados se distribuyeron en seis grupos de lesiones (metástasis, mieloma, linfoma, otros tumores, infección y otras lesiones), uno de normalidad y uno sin diagnóstico final.RESULTADOS.- El 75% de lesiones fueron solitarias y el patrón radiológico predominante fue osteolítico. Tan sólo el 23% de las 42 BQ lo fueron para biopsia. Encontramos asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la localización, el aspecto radiográfico y el tipo de lesión. En 95% de muestra macroscópica fue hemática, sin asociación entre el tipo o cantidad de muestra y el resultado final, excepto el "pus" indicativo de discitis. Confirmamos una curva de aprendizaje para la técnica. El 59% de la serie fueron metástasis e infección. El estudio estadístico por grupos de patología mostró una sensibilidad del 95% con un valor predictivo positivo (VPP) de 97% para las metástasis y, respectivamente, del 100% y 95% para el mieloma, del 64% y 100% para el linfoma así como del 82% y 92% para la infección. No hubo complicaciones graves.DISCUSIÓN.- Se trata de una de las series más amplias estudiadas. La mayoría muestran resultados similares a los nuestros y a la BQ. Coinciden edad, el patrón radiológico y tipo patología confirmándose las múltiples ventajas de la BVP guiada por TC. Se constata la elevada exactitud diagnóstica en metástasis y mieloma con dificultades en infección y linfoma. CONCLUSION PRINCIPAL.- La BVP es una técnica sencilla, segura, fiable, sensible y reproducible para el diagnóstico de las lesiones focales del raquis. Sus resultados son totalmente aceptables e incluso comparables a los de la cirugía abierta en aquellas lesiones en que está indicado un estudio histológico. La seguridad y los porcentajes en diagnóstico convierten a la BVP en técnica de elección para obtener muestra de tejido e identificar el tipo de lesión en aquella patología que afecta a la columna con mayor frecuencia. / INTRODUCTION. Biopsy is a procedure to obtain tissue specimens for subsequent analysis. Surgical biopsy is the gold standard technique for this purpose, but the associated complication rate justifies the use of less invasive procedures, such as percutaneous vertebral biopsy (PVB). Since the 1990s technological advances and multidisciplinary work have made PVB a reliable, low-cost routine procedure.HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES. PVB is the technique of choice to confirm the presence of focal vertebral lesions and to diagnose tumors and infection. Sufficient tissue specimens are obtained in more than 90% of patients and the diagnostic accuracy of the technique is higher than 80%. MATERIAL AND METHOD. This retrospective study analyzes 222 PBV performed over an 8-year period, with a clinical and radiological follow-up of at least one year in all cases. The series includes 119 men and 103 women with a mean age of 58 years, in whom clinical, radiological and pathological data were obtained. Statistical analysis of the results was done with SPSS software. In all cases the process consisted of patient selection, informed consent, use of CT guidance, coaxial puncture with a fine needle and trephine, wide sample distribution, and data analysis. Patients were divided into six pathological groups (metastasis, myeloma, lymphoma, other tumors, infection and other lesions), a normal tissue group and a group in which a final diagnosis was not established. RESULTS. The lesion was solitary in 75% of patients and most frequently showed an osteolytic radiologic pattern. Only 23% of the 42 surgical biopsies were performed for biopsy alone. A significant correlation was observed between the pathological group and the location or radiological pattern of the lesion. Among the total, 95% of samples were macroscopically hematic and there was no correlation between the sample appearance or amount of sample and the final diagnosis, except in cases of purulent material which was indicative of discitis. We observed a learning curve for PVB. Metastasis or infection was found in 59% of the patients. We obtained a sufficient sample for histological diagnosis in 93% of cases. The sensitivity of PBV for detecting spinal lesions was 86%, with a positive predictive value of 100%. Among the pathologic groups, the sensitivity and positive predictive value, respectively, of PVB was as follows: 95% and 97% in metastasis, 100% and 100% in myeloma, 64% and 100% in lymphoma and 82% and 92% in infection. No significant complications were observed.DISCUSSION. This series is one of the largest presented and the diagnostic accuracy of the technique was similar to that of published PVB and surgical biopsy series. Factors such as age, the radiological pattern and the pathologic origin of the lesions also coincided. This study corroborates the multiple advantages of CT-guided spinal biopsy as compared to open surgery. The accuracy for diagnosing metastasis and myeloma was high, although there were some difficulties for diagnosing cases of infection and lymphoma.PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION. PVB is a safe, easy, readily available, sensitive and reproducible technique for the diagnosis of focal spinal lesions. The results with this technique are acceptable and comparable to those obtained with surgical biopsy for lesions requiring histological study. The safety of the method and its diagnostic accuracy make BVP the procedure of choice for obtaining tissue samples and identifying the most frequent pathologic lesions located in the spine.

La revascularización percutánea de las oclusiones crónicas totales (OCT) supone un desafío técnico con una menor tasa de éxito que el resto de angioplastias. Conocer los predictores de fracaso de la técnica y seleccionar a los candidatos con mayor beneficio permitiría mejorar los resultados. Hipótesis: la cardioresonancia nuclear magnética (CRM) y la tomografia con multidetectores (TCMD) permiten detectar aquellos pacientes con un mayor beneficio clínico e identificar las características morfológicas del segmento ocluido que se asocian a fracaso en su recanalización. Objetivos: 1) determinar la viabilidad / isquemia miocárdica basales y su reversibilidad tras la apertura del vaso; 2) determinar los predictores morfológicos de fracaso de la repermeabilización y 3) valorar la efectividad clínica del procedimiento en el seguimiento. Diseño: A los pacientes con una OCT que cumplian los criterios de inclusión se les realizó una TCMD y CRM. Tras la revascularización en el seguimiento se programó una CardioRNM de control al 9º mes y una angiografía al 12º. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, monocéntrico de 69 pacientes consecutivos portadores de una OCT con indicación de revascularización. Cardio CRM: se analizó la función ventricular izquierda, isquemia inducible y viabilidad miocárdica. TCMD: se analizaron las características anatómicas, la composición de la placa y la distribución y densidad del calcio en la OCT. Resultados: Población: edad de 63,4 ± 9,6 años, 84% varones. Factores de riesgo cardiovascular: 78% hipertensión arterial, 77% dislipidemia y 38% diabetes mellitus. Antecedente de infarto de miocardio antiguo 42%. Se analizaron 77 lesiones: longitud ocluida 19,9 ± 14,3 mm, duración de la oclusión 47 ± 62 meses. La tasa de éxito de la revascularización fue del 62%. Principal causa de fracaso: imposibilidad de cruzar la lesión con ninguna guía de angioplastia. El factor angiográfico más potente de fracaso fue la presencia de una curva severa entre la placa y el vaso proximal [OR = 3,8 (IC del 95%,1,2-12) p=0,02]. El único factor de la TCMD asociado a fracaso fue la presencia calcio que afectase > 50% de la circunferencia del segmento ocluido en la porción proximal (p=0,04) y media (p=0,03). La CRM de control muestra una mejora significativa del número de segmentos isquémicos (0.027 basal vs 1.54 ± 2.5; p=0.003 ) y con contractilidad alterada (2 ± 2 basal vs 1.6 ± 2.1, p=0.027). Control angiográfico: tasa de restenosis del 18%. Se informa de 1 trombosis definitiva tardía (1554 días). Eventos cardíacos adversos mayores en el seguimiento (media 1457 días): 4 (8,9%) en el grupo revascularizado con éxito, 3 (12,5%) fracaso, p=0.69. Conclusiones: La CRM es un adecuado instrumento en la selección de pacientes que presentarán beneficio con la revascularización de la OCT. La TCMD identifica la presencia de un arco calcio de > 50% de la circunferencia del vaso en el extremo proximal y zona media de la OCT como un factor negativo multiplicando por >3 la posibilidad de fracaso. La evolución clínica es favorable con unas tasas de eventos cardiacos mayores, restenosis y trombosis de stent esperable. / Percutaneous revascularization (PCI) of chronic total occlusions (CTO) is a technical challenge with a lower success rate than the rest of angioplasties. Knowing the predictors of technique failure and selection of candidates with the largest benefit would improve the results. Hypothesis: the use of nuclear magnetic cardio resonance (CRM) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) allows to detect those patients with greater clinical benefit and to identify the morphological characteristics of occluded segment that are associated with failure in recanalization. Objectives: 1) determine the viability/ myocardial ischemia and its reversibility after opening the vessel, 2) determine the morphological predictors of failure of PCI and 3) evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the procedure in the follow-up. Design: Patients with one or > CTO meeting the inclusion criteria underwent MDCT and CRM. During the follow-up, after revascularization, was scheduled a CRM at the 9th and angiography at 12th month. Methods: Prospective, single-centre study of 69 consecutive patients with 1 or > CTO and clinical indication for revascularization. Left ventricular function, myocardial viability and inducible ischemia were analyzed by CRM. Anatomical features, plaque composition and distribution and density of calcium in the CTO body were characterized by MDCT Results: Population: age 63.4 ± 9.6 years, 84% men. Cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension 78%, 77% dyslipidemia and 38% diabetes mellitus. Previous documented myocardial infarction 42%. 77 lesions were analyzed: length occluded segment 19.9 ± 14.3 mm, estimated duration of occlusion 47 ± 62 months. The success rate of revascularization was 62%. Leading cause of failure: inability to cross the lesion with any guide wire. The most powerful angiographic factor of failure was the presence of a severe curve between the occlusion and the proximal patent vessel [OR = 3.8 (95%,1,2-12) p = 0.02]. The MCT analysis revealed as the only predictor factor of failure an arch of calcium that affected more than 50% of the vessel circumference in the proximal (p=0.04) and middle (p=0.03) segment of the occlusion. CRM at the follow-up shows significant improvement in the number of ischemic segments (0.027 vs. baseline 1.54 ± 2.5, P = 0.003) and in the regional contractile function (hypo/akinetic/dyskinetic segments 2 ± 2 vs 1.6 ± 2.1 p = 0.027). Angiography: restenosis rate of 18%. It’s reported one very late stent thrombosis (1554 days). Major adverse cardiac events during follow-up (median 1457 days) occurs in 4 patients (8.9%) in the successful revascularization and 3 (12.5%) in the failure group, p = 0.69. Conclusions: CRM is a suitable instrument in the selection of patients who will benefit from a revascularization of the CTO. MDCT identifies the presence of a calcium arc of > 50% of the circumference of the vessel at the proximal border and the middle part of the body CTO multiplying by a negative factor > 3 the possibility of failure. The clinical outcome is favourable with rates of major cardiac events, restenosis and stent thrombosis expected.

This design accomplished Tic-Tac-Toe game on Xilinx Spartan-IIE FPGA platformin VHDL. Firstly, designing the circuits and wiring on experiment board. Secondly,designing the algorithm and programming it in Active-HDL. Thirdly, synthesizingit in Synplicity Synplify Pro and then implementing it in Xilinx ISE developingsuite. Finally download it onto FPGA to run it. This design allows two players to play Tic-Tac-Toe game on the experiment board.Pressing the key, the corresponding LED will be light up to represent thechessman. There are two LEDs indicate whose turn next is. If the grid one wantsto place chessman has been taken up, then LCD will alarm it and ask the playerto replace it. The first player who forms 3 chessmen in a row, column or diagonalwins, LCD will display it and the three LEDs in the winning line will blink. If nobody wins after filling the whole chessboard, then LCD displays draw.

Tato práce popisuje další vývoj výukového sériového manipulátoru se třemi stupni volnosti. Práce se zabývá jednoduchou mechanickou úpravou manipulátoru, ale především pak softwarovou částí. Výsledkem je pak hra piškvorky, kdy manipulátor umožňuje hru proti lidskému protějšku. První část práce je věnována zlepšení inicializačního procesu manipulátoru a následně pak i návrhem vhodné polohové regulace. V další části je manipulátor rozšířen o jeden stupeň volnosti. Součástí je i návrh koncového efektoru vhodného pro psaní. Z takto upraveného manipulátoru je sestaven kinematický model vhodný pro real-time řízení. Dalším krokem v práci je návrh samotné aplikace hry piškvorky. Je navržen vhodný hrací algoritmus, včetně detekce a rozpoznání znaků v hracím poli pomocí kamery. Následně je vše implementováno do real-time aplikace, kde komunikaci s uživatelem zajišťuje navržené uživatelské rozhraní.