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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Pós-colheita de goiabeira serrana: enzimas ligadas ao escurecimento de polpa, revestimentos comestíveis e compostos bioativos / Postharvest of feijoa fruit: enzymes related to flesh browning, edible coating and bioactive compounds

Benincá, Thalita Dal Toé 31 July 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV14MA149.pdf: 861357 bytes, checksum: 4a723ef49139bba5372755a09b7157a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aims of this study were: quantifying the activity of enzymes related to the browning of pulp [polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) e peroxidase (POD)] in Brazilian genotypes of Feijoa; quantifying the bioactive compounds in different parts of the Feijoa (leaves, flowers and fruits) after drying; and evaluate the efficacy of edible coating (carnauba wax) on maintenance of postharvest quality of Feijoa.In the first experiment, it were quantified the activities of enzymes PPO, POD and PAL, and it were evaluated the browning of the pulp, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), pH and the relation SS/AT of fruits of genotypes Alcântara, Helena, Mattos, Nonante and access 2316, on the harvest and after storage at 4±1 °C (90±5% RH) during seven and fourteen days, followed of 48 hours at 23±1 °C (75±5% RH). In the second experiment, on dehydrated tissues, it were quantified the total antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH methods) and total phenolic compounds (Folin-Ciocalteau) of fruits, leaves and flores, and the content of total anthocyanins and of total flavonoids of leaves, on the genotypes Alcântara, Helena, Mattos, Nonante and the access 2316. In third experiment, fruits of Feijoa Alcântara were covered at harvest with Carnaúba wax, diluted in water at the concentrations 0, 25, 50 and 100% of commercial product (v/v) and it were evaluated after fifteen days stored at 4±1 °C (90±5% RH) more 48 hours of shelf life at 23±1 °C (75±5% RH), for water vapour permeance ( ), fresh weight loss, pH, SS, AT, relation SS/AT and browning of the pulp. In the first experiment, increased 29% of PPO activity from harvest to seventh day,and 37% from the seventh to fourteenth day of cold storage of fruits. The POD activity was very small on fruits of all genotypes. The PAL showed small increased in the activity until fourteen days of cold storage of fruits. The cold storage preserved the quality of fruits after harvest (SS, AT, pH, and relation SS/AT), and Nonante showed the best physical-chemical quality between the genotypes evaluated. In the second experiment, on dehydrated tissues, total phenolic, it was in descending order: leaves > fruits with skin and pulp > skin of fruits > flowers. The antioxidant activity was in descending order: fruits with skin and pulp > skin of fruits > flowers > leaves. The EC50, was in descending order: flowers > leaves > fruits with skin and pulp > skin of fruits. In third experiment, the covered fruits with carnauba wax at the concentrations 25, 50 and 100% showed reduction in of 32, 40 and 49% respectively, and the weight loss during storage of 2,04;1,77 and 1,40% respectively, compared to the uncovered fruits. The covering of fruits with carnauba wax added to the cold storage preserved the physical-chemical quality (SS, AT, pH, and relation SS/AT) of Feijoa fruits during fifteen days and more 48 hours of shelf life. The results showed that increasing activity of PPO and PAL enzymes can be related to the senescence of the fruits. The PPO enzyme activity seems to have strong links to high rate of browning of pulp of Feijoa. The dried material from various parts of the Feijoa are a source of total antioxidants and phenolic compounds, making it viable how functional products. Carnauba wax was effective in reducing and the suppression of losses of weight in "Alcântara" Feijoas / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possível relação entre a atividade das enzimas [polifenoloxidase (PPO), fenilalanina amonialiase (PAL) e peroxidase (POD)] e o escurecimento de polpa e a comparação dos genótipos quanto à capacidade de manter as características qualitativas após o armazenamento; a eficácia do uso de revestimento comestível (cera de carnaúba) na preservação da qualidade pós-colheita de goiaba serrana; e quantificar compostos bioativos em folhas, flores e frutos após secagem. No primeiro experimento, foram quantificadas as atividades da PPO, POD e PAL, e avaliados o escurecimento de polpa, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), pH e a relação SS/AT em frutos dos genótipos Alcântara, Helena, Mattos, Nonante e 2316, na colheita e após armazenados a 4±1ºC (90±5%UR), durante sete e 14 dias, seguido por mais 48 h a 23±1ºC (75±5%UR). No segundo experimento, frutos de goiabeira serrana Alcântara foram revestidos na colheita com cera de carnaúba, diluída em água nas concentrações de 0, 25, 50 e 100% de produto comercial (v/v), e avaliados, após armazenamento durante 15 dias a 4±1oC (90±5%UR), seguido por mais 48 horas a 23±1ºC (75±5%UR), quanto a permeância ao vapor de água ( ), perda de massa fresca, pH, SS, AT, relação SS/AT e escurecimento de polpa.No terceiro experimento, em tecidos desidratados, foram quantificados a atividade antioxidante total (métodos ABTS e DPPH) e compostos fenólicos totais (Folin-Ciocalteau) nos diversos tecidos, acrescido das análises de antocianinas totais e de flavonóides totais nas flores, de genótipos brasileiros. No primeiro experimento, houve aumento de 29% na atividade da PPO da colheita aos sete dias, e de 37% dos sete dias aos 14 dias de armazenamento refrigerado dos frutos. A atividade da POD foi muito pequena nos frutos de todos os genótipos. A PAL apresentou pequeno incremento na sua atividade até os 14 dias de armazenamento refrigerado dos frutos. No segundo experimento, os frutos revestidos com cera de carnaúba nas concentrações de 25, 50 e 100%, apresentaram redução na de 32, 40 e 49%, respectivamente, e a perda de massa durante o armazenamento em 2,04; 1,77 e 1,40%, respectivamente, quando comparado aos frutos não revestidos.No terceiro experimento, nos tecidos desidratados, os conteúdos de fenólicos totais, em ordem descrente, foram folhas > frutos com casca e polpa >casca dos frutos >flores. A atividade antioxidante, em ordem descrente, foi frutos com casca e polpa >casca dos frutos > flores >folha. O EC50, em ordem descrente, foi flores >folhas >fruto com casca e polpa >casca dos frutos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o aumento na atividade das enzimas PPO e PAL tem forte ligação ao alto índice de escurecimento de polpa em goiaba serrana. A cera de carnaúba foi eficaz na redução da e na supressão de perda de massa fresca em goiabas serranas Alcântara . Os materiais secos de diversas partes da goiabeira serrana são fonte de compostos antioxidantes totais e fenólicos totais, tornando-se viáveis como subprodutos funcionais

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