Der Beitrag analysiert die Präzision der Aufkommensprognose wichtiger Bundesabgaben der Jahre 1976 bis 2002 in Österreich. Dadurch wird eine im Schrifttum bestehende Forschungs- und Informationslücke verringert. Eine Prognose wird dazu als präzise verstanden, wenn sie sowohl unverzerrt als auch im Mittel genau ist. Die Prognose des Steueraufkommens auf Bundesebene ist in Österreich gemessen am Bruttogesamtabgabenaufkommen präzise. Dennoch sind aufgrund der unpräzisen Prognosen wichtiger Einzelsteuern Verbesserungen möglich. Als mögliche Ursachen für die Verschätzungen werden die Organisation der Prognose, die verwendeten Prognosemethoden, der Vorsteuerbetrug, Ausgliederungstendenzen aus dem Staatshaushalt und neue kommunale Finanzierungsformen isoliert. Eine Erhöhung der Präzision sollte durch die Kombination mehrerer unabhängiger Prognosen zu einer Gesamtprognose, durch eine stärkere Dokumentation der Prognose, durch die Verwendung univariater Zeitreihenmethoden für die Prognose des Aufkommens an veranlagter Einkommensteuer und an Körperschaftsteuer und durch die Reduktion (Umsatzsteuer) bzw. Erhöhung (Mineralölsteuer) der verwendeten Aufkommenselastizitäten erreicht werden.

Errors during radiotherapy treatment can cause severe, and potentially fatal, patient harm. The final check immediately prior to treatment delivery, whereby two radiographers ensure that the dose about to be delivered corresponds with the prescription, is the last defence against error. The aim of this research was to increase understanding of this final treatment check and factors affecting error detection, in order to improve the safety of radiotherapy treatment delivery. The research adopted a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative and experimental studies to investigate the interaction of factors affecting accuracy during the final treatment checks. The qualitative interviews and task analysis pointed to difficulties maintaining attention and variation in how these checks are conducted. The interface used to conduct the final treatment check was also recognised to have usability issues. The laboratory-based experimental studies results indicated that a structured form of double checking, called challenge-response, is most effective at error detection, when compared to single or unstructured double checking. Furthermore, it was found that alternating the roles of challenger and responder, and the order parameters are checked in, significantly increases accuracy during repeated treatment checks. The original contribution of this research was a detailed investigation of a previously understudied aspect of radiotherapy treatment. The results informed the design of an original, evidence and theoretical based two-person checking protocol for use during the final treatment check. Qualitative evaluation indicates that it would be well received as a standardised method of treatment checking. Furthermore, an alternative interface design has been proposed, specifically for use during the final treatment check. This was comparatively tested against the most frequently used software package within the UK and found to have a significant positive impact upon user’s accuracy. An additional output is a series of practice based recommendations to improve accuracy during repeated treatment checking. This research has concluded that implementation of the practice recommendations, checking protocol and interface design should help maintain radiographers’ attention during repeated final treatment checks, thereby preventing errors passing undetected. Future research into the radiotherapy interface design and implementation of the standardised final treatment check protocol have been identified.

Genomic prediction (GP) is a novel tool used for prediction of EBVs by using molecular markers. Within the last decade, GP has been widely introduced into routine evaluations of cattle, pig and sheep populations, however, its application in poultry has been somewhat delayed, and studies published to date have been limited in terms of population size and marker densities. This study shows a thorough evaluation of the benefits that GP could bring into routine evaluations of broiler chickens, with particular attention given to the accuracy and bias of Genomic BLUP (GBLUP) predictions. The data used for these evaluations exceeds the numbers of both individuals and marker genotypes of previously published reports, with the studied population consisting of up to 23,500 individuals, genotyped for up to 600K SNPs. The evaluation of GBLUP is preceded by evaluation of the variance components using traditional restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach sourcing information from phenotypic records and pedigree, which provide an up to date reference for the estimates of variance components. Chapter 2 tested several models exploring potential sources of genetic variation and revealed the presence of significant maternal genetic and environmental effects affecting several commercial traits. In Chapter 3, a vast dataset containing 1.3M birds spread over 24 generations was used to evaluate changes in genetic variance of juvenile body weight and hen housed production over time. The results showed a slow but steady decline of the variance. Chapter 4 provided initial estimates of the accuracy and bias of genomic predictions for several sex-limited and fitness traits, obtained for a moderately sized population of over 5K birds, genotyped with 600K Affymetrix Axiom panel from which several chips of varying marker densities were extracted. The accuracy of those predictions showed a great potential for most traits, with GBLUP performance exceeding that of traditional BLUP. Chapter 5 investigated the effect of marker choice, with two chips used: one created from GWAS hits and second from evenly spaced markers, both with constant density of 27K SNPs. The two chips were used to calculate genomic relationship matrices using Linkage Analysis and Linkage Disequilibrium approaches. Markers selected through GWAS performed better in Linkage Analysis than in Linkage Disequilibrium approach. The optimum results however were found for relationship matrices which regressed the genomic relationships back to expected pedigree-based relationships, with the best regression coefficient dependent on the chip used. Chapter 6 formed a comprehensive evaluation of the utility of GBLUP in a large broiler population, exceeding 23,500 birds genotyped using 600K Affymetrix Axiom panel. By splitting the data into variable scenarios of training and testing populations, with several lower density chips extracted from the full range of genotypes available, the effect of population size and marker density was evaluated. While the latter proved to have little effect once 20K SNPs threshold was exceeded, the effect of the population size was found to be the major limiting factor for the accuracy of EBV predictions. The discrepancy between empirical results found and theoretical expectations of accuracy based on the similar genomic and population parameters showed an underestimation of the previously proposed requirements.

Class of 2014 Abstract / Specific Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of accuracy of medical information presented in the sixth season of the popular prime time medical drama, House M.D. Methods: The study was a descriptive, retrospective assessment of twelve episodes in the sixth season of the medical television show, House M.D. Three parameters were compared to reliable medical sources: signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and medical treatment for the one primary medical problem portrayed in each episode. Three researchers reviewed each episode independently and rated the accuracy of each parameter. The accuracy of each dependent variable was rated on a scale of one to four (most to least accurate, respectively). After discussion, a consensus rating was determined for all three variables for all twelve episodes. Main Results: The average accuracy scores for the signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and medical treatments were 2.08, 2.58 (ie.,least accurate), and 1.5 (ie., most accurate), respectively. The average accuracy score across the three parameters was 2.06 (correct but somewhat unusual). The one-way ANOVA analysis on the variables revealed a statistically significant difference among the groups, with a p value of 0.003. The Tukey HSD test confirmed the statistically significant difference between diagnostic procedures and treatment (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The treatments portrayed in twelve episodes of season six were judged more accurate than signs and symptoms and diagnostic procedures. The average accuracy score of the three groups determined that the medical information presented in the episodes seemed to be correct but somewhat unusual.

Class of 2015 Abstract / Objectives: To assess the accuracy of the presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and treatments presented in the first 12 episodes of season one, the last 4 episodes of season four, and the last 7 episodes of season six of the television show, House, MD Methods: A descriptive retrospective evaluation of the accuracy of mentioned episodes and seasons of the television series House, MD was performed. The accuracy of the presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and treatment in each episode was rated on a score of 1 to 4. A score of 1 represented information that was correct and average/and or usual, 2 and 3 indicated less accuracy, and 4 represented information that was not correct. Each researcher individually scored the episodes, and a final accuracy score was determined by consensus of the three reviewers. The results for seasons 4 and 6 were combined with episodes previously evaluated in other students’ projects. Results: The ANOVA results showed no statistically significant differences among the variables in Season 1, however, the treatment was the most accurate. In both season 4 and 6, the ANOVA test did demonstrate a statistically significant difference with the treatment group being most accurate. Conclusions: For season 1, there were no differences in accuracy of the treatments and diagnoses when compared to the signs and symptoms of each episode, however, for season 4 and 6, the treatments were more accurate than the presenting signs and symptoms and the diagnoses.

Class of 2013 Abstract / Specific Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of accuracy of medical information presented in the sixth season of the popular prime time medical drama, House M.D. Methods: The study was a descriptive, retrospective assessment of twelve episodes in the sixth season of the medical television show, House M.D. Three parameters were compared to reliable medical sources: signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and medical treatment for the one primary medical problem portrayed in each episode. Three researchers reviewed each episode independently and rated the accuracy of each parameter. The accuracy of each dependent variable was rated on a scale of one to four (most to least accurate, respectively). After discussion, a consensus rating was determined for all three variables for all twelve episodes. Main Results: The average accuracy scores for the signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and medical treatments were 2.08, 2.58 (ie.,least accurate), and 1.5 (ie., most accurate), respectively. The average accuracy score across the three parameters was 2.06 (correct but somewhat unusual). The one-way ANOVA analysis on the variables revealed a statistically significant difference among the groups, with a p value of 0.003. The Tukey HSD test confirmed the statistically significant difference between diagnostic procedures and treatment (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The treatments portrayed in twelve episodes of season six were judged more accurate than signs and symptoms and diagnostic procedures. The average accuracy score of the three groups determined that the medical information presented in the episodes seemed to be correct but somewhat unusual.

Class of 2011 Abstract / OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of accuracy in terms of medical information presented in the popular television show, House, MD. This is part of a larger ongoing study, and evaluates only the first 11 episodes of season four. METHODS: This study was a descriptive, retrospective assessment of the first 11 episodes in the fourth season of the medical television drama, House, MD. The signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and medical treatment for one major disease portrayed in each episode were recorded and compared to authoritative medical sources. Based on the medical resource material used, an accuracy score for each of the three above-mentioned variables in each episode was assigned. Three researchers evaluated these ratings individually. A collaborative rating was determined for all three variables for all eleven episodes. RESULTS: The average accuracy scores for presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and medical treatments were 2.36, 1.82, and 1.91, respectively. The average accuracy score across the three variables resulted in a rating of 2.03. Episode one was excluded from the final analysis. The one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test and the Kruskal Wallis test all found no significant difference among the data. Therefore, the null hypothesis was not excluded in this analysis. CONCLUSION: The presenting symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and medical treatments shown in the eleven episodes evaluated were not significantly different in terms of level of accuracy. The average accuracy score of the eleven episodes indicated that the information presented was correct but somewhat unusual.

For assembly of product machine is necessary to evaluate a geometric accuracy of individual functional parts of the machine. This process is very demanding and time consuming. One of the reasons of mentioned problems is the lack of software (adaptation) for measuring of the accuracy of geometrical precision. This theses (diploma work) focuses at facilitating the development and creation of own application based on customer requirements and for measuring geometric accuracy with the Laser Tracker AT901 from Leica company. The aim is to create a basic application suitable for measurement of geometric accuracy, which would speed up this process, would be user-friendly, simple and open for further expansion.

Loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification (LAMP) are currently used as standalone diagnostic test for C. difficile infection (CDI). We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of LAMP for the diagnosis of CDI. We searched 5 databases to identify studies that compared LAMP with culture cytotoxicity neutralization assay or anaerobic toxigenic culture (TC) of C. difficile. We used the random-effects model to calculate pooled sensitivities, specificities, diagnostic odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The search of the databases yielded 16 studies (6,979 samples) that met inclusion criteria. When TC was used as the gold standard (6,572 samples), bivariate analysis yielded a mean sensitivity of 0.95 (95%CI, 0.93-0.97; I2 = 67.4) and a mean specificity of 0.99 (95%CI, 0.96-1.00; I2 = 97.0). LAMP is a useful diagnostic tool with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting CDI. The results should however be interpreted only in the presence of clinical suspicion and symptoms of CDI. / Revisión por pares

Orientador: João Francisco Galera Monico / Resumo: A modernização do GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) com a inclusão de novas constelações e melhorias nos sistemas já disponíveis foi avaliada com grande interesse na última década. A combinação de diferentes constelações de satélite expande as aplicações possíveis; portanto, o termo multi-GNSS apareceu para designar o uso desses múltiplos sistemas. O IGS (International GNSS Service), observando a necessidade dos usuários que começaram a usar o multi-GNSS, lançou em 2011 a proposta de projeto experimental IGMA (International GNSS Monitoring Assessment). O projeto visa criar um sistema internacional de análise GNSS com resultados que apresentem confiabilidade para usuários em todo o mundo. Na chamada para a participação como centro de análise a FCT-Unesp foi aceita como parte do projeto para avaliar dois dos quatro parâmetros propostos: Diluição da Precisão da Posição (PDOP) e a acurácia das efemérides transmitidas. Dos sistemas disponíveis, quatro foram escolhidos: GPS, Galileo. GLONASS e BeiDou nessa pesquisa. Foi realizado um estudo sobre o estado da arte para as aplicações de PDOP e WPDOP (Diluição da precisão ponderada na posição). Nas análises de acurácia, foi utilizado a correção entre o centro de fase e o centro de massa do satélite para comparar corretamente as efemérides finais e as transmitidas durante 600 dias (os 120 primeiros dias de cada ano entre 2015 e 2019). O GPS apresentou um RMSE 3D de 1,94 m, Galileo 1,19 m, GLONASS 7,21 m e BeiDou 3,19 m. As análi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The modernization of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with the inclusion of new constellations and improvements in the already available systems has been assessed with great interest over the last decade. The combination of different satellite constellations expands the possible applications, so the term multi-GNSS appeared to designate the use of these multiple navigation systems. The IGS (International GNSS Service), observing the need of the users who started using multi-GNSS, launched in 2011 the proposal for the IGMA (International GNSS Monitoring Assessment) trial Project. It aims to create an international GNSS analysis system with results that present reliability for users around the world. In the call for participation as a center of analysis, FCT-Unesp was accepted as part of the trial project to evaluate the following parameters: Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) and the accuracy of the broadcast ephemeris. Of the available systems, four were chosen: GPS, Galileo, GLONASS e BeiDou. A state-of-the-art study of PDOP and WPDOP (Weighted Position Dilution of Precision) applications was performed. On the accuracy analysis, it was used the phase center vector to correctly compare the final and broadcast ephemeris for 600 days (the first 120 days for each year between 2015 and 2019). The results show that GPS had an overall RMSE of 1.94 m, Galileo 1.94 m, GLONASS 7.21 m and BeiDou 3.19 m. The PDOP and WPDOP analyzes were carried out to evaluate the correlatio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre