La recherche en bruit de combustion est de nos jours majoritairement consacrée au développement d'outils de calcul du bruit rayonné par les flammes. Les méthodes actuelles de CFD telles que la LES ou la DNS sont capables de fournir le champ acoustique rayonné par des sources de bruit, mais elles sont cependant limitées à des domaines de faible taille, ceci dû à leur fort coût de calcul. Pour surmonter cette limitation, on a vu l'émergence de méthodes hybrides. Dans cette approche, les sources de bruit sont découplées du son rayonné. Les sources sont alors calculées par les méthodes de DNS et de LES tandis que l'analogie acoustique permet de calculer le son rayonné par des codes acoustiques, moins coûteux en temps de calcul.L'objet de cette étude est de développer un outil numérique sur la base de l'analogie acoustique de Phillips pour de faibles nombres de Mach. Il permet de prendre en compte l'impact des conditions limites sur le champ acoustique résultant. La LES et le code de calcul acoustique développé ont été utilisés pour évaluer le bruit produit par une flamme turbulente confinée. Les deux techniques donnent des résultats en accord tant que les bonnes quantités sont comparées: il a été observé que le signal de pression obtenu directement à partir de la LES contient une quantité non négligeable d'hydrodynamique, laquelle doit être négligée si on cherche à comparer seulement les champs acoustiques issus des deux codes.L'hypothèse d'un nombre de Mach faible est totalement réaliste si l'on considère l'écoulement présent dans une chambre de combustion. Elle conduit à des simplifications significatives lorsque les analogies acoustiques sont considérées. Cependant, cette hypothèse ne peut pas être utilisée pour l'écoulement en amont (entrée d'air, compresseur) ni en aval (turbine, tuyère) des chambres de combustion aéronautiques. Un outil numérique a été développé pour pallier ce problème. Il est basé sur les équations d'Euler Quasi-1D, qui prennent en compte des écoulements convectifs, non isentropiques et non isenthalpiques. Cet outil permet d'estimer les conditions limites acoustiques qui doivent être imposées sur les entrées/sorties d'une chambre de combustion pour prendre en compte la présence d'un écoulement de nombre de Mach non négligeable, alors que les calculs acoustiques sont eux effectués sous cette hypothèse fortement restrictive. / Today, much of the current effort in combustion noise is the development of efficient numerical tools to calculate the noise radiated by flames. Although unsteady CFD methods such as LES or DNS can directly provide the acoustic field radiated by noise sources, this evaluation is limited to small domains due to high computational costs. Hybrid methods have been developed to overcome this limitation. In these schemes, the noise sources are decoupled from the radiated sound. The sources are still calculated by DNS or LES codes whereas the radiated sound is evaluated by acoustic codes using an acoustic analogy.In the present study, a numerical tool based on the Phllips' analogy for low Mach numbers flows has been developed. This tool accounts for the role of the boundary conditions in the resulting acoustic field. Both LES and the acoustic code developed here are used to assess the noise produced by a turbulent confined flame of a turbulent swirled-stabilized staged combustor. Good agreements are obtained between both techniques as long as the good quantities are compared: the pressure signal obtained directly from LES contains a non negligible amount of hydrodynamics that must be removed when a suitable acoustics-acoustics comparison is sought. The low Mach number assumption is completely realistic when considering the flow within a combustion chamber; it also conducts to considerable simplifications when leading with acoustic analogies. However, it cannot be used for the upstream (air-intake, compressors) and downstream (turbines, nozzle) of an aeronautical combustion chamber. A numerical tool is developed based on the quasi-1D Linearized Euler Equations in order to account for convective, non-isentropic and non-isenthalpic flows. By means of this tool, it is possible to estimate the acoustic boundary conditions that should be imposed at the inlet/oultlet of a given combustion chamber when performing low-Mach number acoustic computations.

In Computational aeroacoustics, hybrid approaches first resolve the source and nearfield regions of the flow field by employing Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) or Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS).The source region data is used to form source terms, which are, in turn, applied to either empirical models or equations linearized around a mean flow. An acoustic analogy type of model is used to propagate the acoustics to the farfield regions. The aim of this research is twoold: to introduce and test a hybrid acoustic analogy, based on a coupling between the Navier-Stokes equations, applied in the source region, and the Non-linear Euler (NLE) equations applied in the acoustic propagation region; and to test and validate a recently derived generalized acoustic analogy theory in the framework of jet noise with acoustic source information obtained from RANS or LES. In the first part, the coupling between the Navier-Stokes and the NLE equations is accomplished via a buffer region, which is used to interpolate and penalize the flow variables of interest from the source region. The penalized flow variables are then applied as source terms in the NLE equations, to calculate the acoustic propagation. The non-linear Euler equations, discretized using highurate dispersion-relation preserving schemes constitute a very efficient approach for jet noise predictions in complex environments, especially for supersonic and hypersonic jets, where nonlinearities may propagate over long distances. In the second part, a RANS- or LES-informed model, which is used to provide data for Goldstein's generalized acoustic analogy, is presented. The generalized acoustic analogy of Goldstein is considered, wherein the effects of non-parallelism are taken into account and an asymptotic expansion is utilized to simplify the adjoint Green function equations. The use of the adjoint Green's function leads to a simple model for jet noise predictions for low frequencies and small observation angles, in the linear regime. Both approaches are extensively tested and validated against numerous benchmark problems and applications.

La conception des groupes moto-ventilateurs au sein de Valeo Systèmes Thermiques et la prédiction de leurs performances aérauliques reposent majoritairement sur les méthodes de développement virtuel, i.e. la conception assistée par ordinateur et la simulation numérique de la mécanique des fluides. Dans ce cadre, le présent travail propose une méthodologie de prédiction et de minimisation de la composante tonale du bruit d'un groupe moto-ventilateur. L'approche adoptée est hybride et dissocie la génération et la propagation du bruit. La propagation en champ libre est calculée avec une formulation intégrale de l'analogie de Ffowcs-Williams et Hawkings. Dans un premier temps, les termes-sources à la surface du rotor et du stator sont calculés par une simulation numérique instationnaire. La compacité de la pale ainsi que l'influence du maillage acoustique sur la prédiction sont ensuite investiguées. Finalement, les résultats sont comparés aux mesures expérimentales. Dans un deuxième temps, les sources acoustiques à la surface du stator sont calculées avec le modèle de Sears enrichi avec des données extraites d'une simulation stationnaire du rotor complet. Avant de procéder à la prédiction acoustique, l'influence du modèle de turbulence sur les résultats finaux est évaluée à travers une comparaison entre LES et RANS pour l'écoulement autour de profils extrudés. Enfin, la problématique de minimisation du bruit tonal est traitée en tant que problème d'optimisation où la géométrie d'une aube est paramétrée et où la recherche de l'optimum est conduite par un algorithme génétique. Cette optimisation a permis de concevoir un stator moins bruyant et adapté à l'écoulement en aval du rotor étudié. / The design of fan systems at Valeo Thermal Systems and the prediction of their aerodynamic performances rely mainly on virtual development methods, i.e. computer-aided-design and computational fluid dynamics. Within this context, this dissertation develops a methodology for predicting and minimizing the tonal noise of a fan system. The hybrid approach is used, thus separating noise generation and propagation. The free-field propagation is computed via an integral formulation of the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings analogy. In a first step, the source terms located at the surfaces of the rotor and the stator are extracted from an unsteady numerical simulation. The compactness of the blade and the influence of the acoustic mesh on the prediction are then investigated. Finally, the computational results are compared to the experimental ones. In a second step, the acoustic sources at the surface of the stator are computed with Sears' model. Its inputs are extracted from a steady simulation of the whole rotor. Before proceeding to the acoustic prediction, the influence of the turbulence model on the final results is assessed via a comparison between LES and RANS simulations of the flow around airfoils. Finally, minimizing tonal noise is formulated as an optimization problem. The shape of a stator-blade is parametrized and the optimization is conducted with a genetic algorithm. The resulting stator is less noisy and adapted to the flow downstream of the studied rotor.

In this study, the effects of design parameters on the fan noise level are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. For the theoretical study, a computational aero- acoustic method is used to predict the flow induced noise of a fan. This method involves the coupling of a flow solver and a wave equation solver. Unsteady flow analysis is performed with URANS using FLUENT. Then the time dependent data are processed with LMS Sysnoise to compute the acoustic radiation. Experimental studies are performed to verify the theoretical results and additionally to investigate the effects of different design alternatives on noise level of the fan. The sound pressure and intensity level measurements are performed in the full anechoic room of Ar&ccedil / elik A.S. Research and Development Laboratories. The validation experiments indicate that there is a good agreement between numerical and experimental results. The experimental study with different fan designs gives information about the noise reduction possibilities.

As improving the performance of turbofan designs becomes increasingly difficult, manufacturers are looking to new technologies for the next generation of jet engines. An 'open rotor' replaces the fan of the turbofan with a set of external rotors. This has the potential to offer a significant improvement in propulsive efficiency, but the design for low noise is a key challenge. Hence, high fidelity noise prediction methods are needed to accurately predict and compare the noise of different designs. This thesis focuses on one set of methods based on the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (\fwh) equation. This equation is considered to be the most realistic description of aeroacoustic noise generation, as it is a direct rearrangement of the Navier-Stokes equations. The \fwh\ equation is difficult to solve for realistic test cases such as an open rotor, and is susceptible to several types of error. This thesis categorises these errors as ``input'', ``neglection'' and ``discretisation'' errors. Discretisation errors arise from the need to integrate a discretised source field for the total noise, neglection errors result from needing to ignore part of the source field for practical reasons, and input errors relate to any errors caused by inaccurate input to the solver. The fundamental motivation of this thesis is to advance the understanding of neglection and discretisation errors and how they can be mitigated, in order to develop best practice solvers and methodologies for application to open rotors. Dimensional analysis is combined with analytical flow solutions to develop a process for isolating and quantifying discretisation errors. This process is used to study a wide range of solver methodologies and select a best practice solver methodology for open rotor noise prediction. This first-of-a-kind study produces a solver methodology that reduces discretisation errors by an order of magnitude compared to an industry standard solver. Previous research into neglection errors has shown that avoiding density perturbations in acoustic source terms can be beneficial. This thesis uses a generic aeroacoustic analogy to provide a new, physically intuitive method of incorporating a surface discontinuity that enables density perturbations to be avoided in a far more elegant manner than previous research. The above method improvements are investigated using a modern open rotor rig test case. The results demonstrate that discretisation and neglection errors can be severe in realistic cases and the potential of the method improvements to significantly mitigate them.

Diploma thesis is focused on computational modelling of aerodynamic noise of flow past a solid body. Computation of flow around a cylinder is performed for different meshes and time steps in initial part of the thesis. Results from every computation are compared. Computation aerodynamic noise due to flow around a cylinder is simulated in other part of diploma thesis. In the second benchmark computation, turbulent models have to be considered, because flow with high Reynolds number is turbulent. Computation is based on two different ways: acoustic analogy and direct method. A few different turbulent models is described and is analyzed influence to modelling aerodynamic noise. The results and knowledge of the benchmarks computation have been used in compu-tational modelling of aerodynamic noise of flow around simplified side view mirror. Surface (2D) and spatial (3D) simulations are performed. Based on computation modelling of aerodynamic noise of flow around simplified side view mirror has been designed new geometry, that aim is reduced aerodynamic noise and improved aerodynamic parameters.