O presente trabalho pretende aplicar o método de cálculo de componentes simétricas por produtos escalares de vetores espaciais para o cálculo dos sinais de referência de compensadores de perturbação. Outras metodologias de cálculo de corrente de referência são apresentadas, analisadas e comparadas com o método implementado. Uma revisão de vetores espaciais nos sistemas abc e 0 é feita para auxílio da explicação do método de extração de componentes simétricas. O método é inicialmente apresentado de forma generalista, de modo que é realizado o cálculo de componentes de sequência positiva, negativa e zero para um harmônico de ordem h. A autora apresenta algoritmos de exemplos práticos para uso em cálculo de corrente de referência incluindo as compensações de reativos da corrente fundamental, de harmônicos pré-selecionados e de desequilíbrios de carga. O método é analisado e validado por meio de simulações e resultados experimentais. / This work applies, for a disturbance compensator, a method for the calculation of the symmetrical components based on space vectors\' dot product. Other methods are presented, analyzed and compared with the proposed method. The symmetrical components calculation method is explained using a geometrical approach in abc and 0 basis. Initially, it is presented a general method that calculates the hth order positive, negative and zero sequence components of a current or voltage signal. Then, practical examples are presented for current compensation, which includes: fundamental reactive current compensation, fundamental negative sequence compensation and pre-selected order harmonics compensation. The method is analyzed and validated by simulation and experimental results.

Τα αναλογικά φίλτρα στο πεδίο του υπερβολικού ημιτόνου (Sinh-Domain filters) είναι μια οικογένεια φίλτρων συνεχούς χρόνου στην οποία γίνεται χρήση της Ι/V χαρακτηριστικής των ενεργών στοιχείων (BJT τρανζίστορ) για να επιτευχτεί γραμμική συμπεριφορά από είσοδο σε έξοδο. Τα Sinh-Domain φίλτρα συμπίεσης/αποσυμπιέσης προσφέρουν πλεονεκτήματα, όπως την ηλεκτρονική ρύθμιση, τη δυνατότητα λειτουργίας σε χαμηλή τάση τροφοδοσίας και τη λειτουργία σε υψηλές συχνότητες. Στη παρούσα Μεταπτυχιακή Διπλωματική Εργασία προτείνεται μια νέα μέθοδος σχεδίασης Sinh-domain φίλτρων που στηρίζεται στη κυματική μέθοδο. Αρχικά αναπτύσσονται τα κυματικά ισοδύναμα των παθητικών στοιχείων στο πεδίο του υπερβολικού ημιτόνου χρησιμοποιώντας μια κοινή έως σήμερα λογική σχεδίασης η οποία έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί στη σχεδίαση κυματικών φίλτρων τόσο στο λογαριθμικό πεδίο (Log-Domain) όσο και στο πεδίο της τετραγωνικής ρίζας (Square Root-Domain). Έπειτα γίνεται χρήση των κυματικών ισοδυνάμων που πρόεκυψαν για να σχεδιαστούν ηλεκτρονικά φίλτρα τρίτης τάξης, των οποίων η λειτουργία εξομοιώνεται μέσω του Analog Design Environment του λογισμικού Cadence και με χρήση των μοντέλων των MOS transistor που παρέχονται από την τεχνολογία AMS 0.35μm. Στη συνέχεια προτείνεται μια νέα βελτιωμένη εκδοχή των κυματικών ισοδυνάμων πρώτης και δεύτερης τάξης στο πεδίο του υπερβολικού ημιτόνου. Τα βελτιωμένα κυματικά ισοδύναμα στηρίζονται σε μια νέα λογική σχεδίασης η οποία σκοπεύει στη μείωση των απαιτούμενων ενεργών στοιχείων και ως εκ τούτου στη μείωση της καταναλισκόμενης ισχύος αλλά και στη προσθήκη της δυνατότητας εξωτερικά ελεγχόμενου προγραμματισμού της ηλεκτρονικής συμπεριφοράς των νέων κυματικών δίθυρων. Ακολουθεί ο σχεδιασμός ηλεκτρονικών φίλτρων χρησιμοποιώντας αυτή τη φορά τη νέα βελτιωμένη εκδοχή των κυματικών διθύρων και η εξομοίωση της λειτουργίας αυτών με το Analog Design Environment του λογισμικού Cadence. Τέλος πραγματοποιείται συγκριτική μελέτη μεταξύ φίλτρων που σχεδιάστηκαν χρησιμοποιώντας την απλή και τη βελτιωμένη εκδοχή των κυματικών διθύρων σκοπό να διαπιστωθεί ο βαθμός βελτίωσης που επιτυγχάνεται. / Sinh-Domain companding filters are a family of continuous time filters that instead of being designed using locally linearized components, directly exploit the non-linear nature of a BJT transistor, in forward active region or MOS transistor in weak inversion in order to obtain a system with overall linear performance. This way they, exhibit high linearity even for large signal to bias ratios. In addition, they have some other interesting features like tunability, resistorless realizations and capability of operating under low power supply voltage. In this Master Thesis it is proposed a new method of designing Sinh-Domain filters which is based on the wave method. Initially the wave equivalents of passive components in the Sinh-Domain have been introduced, using the conventional approach as in the case of Log Domain and Square Root Domain filters. As design examples, low pass ,band pass and high pass filters have been designed and their performance have been evaluated using the Analog Design Environment of the Cadence software.MOS and Bipolar transistors models provided by AMS 0.35μm. BiCmos technology have been employed in simulation. Later, it is proposed a new improved version of wave equivalents of first and second order in the Sinh-Domain. This offer the following benefits: a)reduced active element count and hence reduced power consumption and b) capability of externally controlled programming for obtaining all the equivalents from the same core. As design examples, low pass, band pass and high pass filters have been designed and their performance have been evaluated using the Analog Design Environment of the Cadence software As a final step a performance among the proposed filter topologies has been performed in order to be evident the attractive characteristics offered by the proposed wave equivalents.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 (Final).pdf: 65790 bytes, checksum: e733029dada465cd658278f93c2fc5fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work introduces a dual unified power quality conditioner (iUPQC) made by two active filters, the series and the parallel. The parallel active filter is voltage controlled, responsible for maintaining the sinusoidal, regulated, balanced and harmonic free load voltage. The series active filter is responsible for draining a sinusoidal and harmonic free current from the utility grid whose current is synchronized with the fundamental component of the voltage utility grid, implying a high power factor. The advantage of this configuration is the use of the sinusoidal references for both active filters. First, the power quality is addressed by discussing the main utility grid distortions and the active solutions for these problems. The characteristics, the power structure definition and the power flow of the iUPQC are then addressed. Next, the high frequency filters of active filters are analyzed and designed, the circuit models are obtained and the iUPQC controllers are designed. The iUPQC simulation is then analysed and, finally, the last chapter is about the prototype developed at the university laboratory, and the analysis of the experimental results which were compared to the IEEE519-1992 standard / Esta Dissertação de Mestrado apresenta um condicionador unificado de qualidade de energia dual (iUPQC) trifásico a quatro fios, controlado analogicamente, composto por dois filtros ativos, o série e o paralelo. O filtro ativo paralelo é controlado em tensão, responsável por manter a tensão da carga senoidal, regulada, equilibra e livre de harmônicos. O filtro ativo série é responsável por drenar da rede de alimentação uma corrente senoidal, com baixa distorção harmônica e em fase com a componente fundamental de tensão da rede, garantindo alto fator de potência. A vantagem desta configuração é a utilização de referências senoidais para ambos os filtros ativos. Inicialmente, a qualidade de energia é abordada, trazendo as principais distorções encontradas na rede elétrica e as soluções ativas para estes problemas. O iUPQC é apresentado, trazendo suas características, a definição de sua estrutura de potência e o fluxo de potência do sistema. Após isto são analisados e projetados os filtros de alta frequência presentes nos filtros ativos, obtidos os modelos do circuito e projetados os controladores do iUPQC. Em seguida a simulação do iUPQC é apresentada e no último capítulo são mostrados os circuito utilizados no protótipo e os resultados experimentais obtidos, os quais são analisados e comparados à norma IEEE 519-1992.

Ces travaux de thèse portent sur l‟étude de filtres « multi-fonctions » dont l‟objectif serait de réduire les dimensions des circuits réalisant les fonctions de filtrage dans les systèmes aéroportés. Ces travaux ont donc conduit à la réalisation de filtres large bande (2 – 18 GHz) réjecteurs développés en technologie MMIC utilisant la filière GaN, ainsi que des filtres large bande développés suivant la filière AsGa en technologie MMIC. Les différents filtres réjecteurs ont été conçus suivant deux principes :- Le premier basé sur une structure à résonateurs à lignes couplées. Les différents prototypes réalisés ont permis de montrer l‟accordabilité en fréquence grâce à une charge variable placée à l‟extrémité non court-circuité de la ligne couplée. Celle-ci peut être réalisée par une diode varactor ou par un transistor froid. Ces prototypes ont également permis de montrer la possibilité de fonctionner suivant un mode passe-tout ou un mode réjecteur par simple polarisation de transistors chargés à l‟extrémité de la ligne couplée.- Le second est basé sur l‟accordabilité de filtres actifs par commutation entre plusieurs canaux à l‟aide d‟une structure distribuée. Un prototype a été développé et réalisé en technologie AsGa. Cette structure permet à la fois une accordabilité en fréquences, ainsi qu‟en largeur de bande passante (par activation de plusieurs canaux de bandes passantes adjacentes), et une adaptation large bande. Cette structure réunit à la fois des fonctions d‟accordabilité en fréquences (entre 8,7 et 15,6 GHz) par polarisation d‟éléments actifs, ceux-ci permettant même d‟obtenir du gain (de l‟ordre de 10 dB). / The aim of this work is to study “multi-functions” filters with an objective to reduce the dimensions of the circuits used for filtering functions in airborne systems. This work allows to obtain wide band notch filters (from 2 to 18 GHz) developed in MMIC technology using theEtude de Filtres MMIC Hyperfréquences en Technologies GaN et AsGa. 152GaN process and wide band filters developed in GaAs technology. The notch filters have been realized with two principles:- The first one based on coupled lines resonators structure. The prototype manufactured allow to validate the frequency tunability thanks to a variable load placed at the end of the coupled line. This can be realized with a varactor diode or with a cold transistor. These prototypes allow also validating the possibility for the circuit to work as an “allpass” filter or as a notch filter by applying a bias voltage on the transistors placed at the end of the coupled line.- The second one is based on the tenability of active filters by commuting between several channels thanks to a distributed structure. A prototype has been developed and manufactured in GaAs technology. This structure allow a frequency tunability with also the possibility to tune the bandwidth (by activating seeral channels with edge bandwidth), and a wide band matching. This structure allows to obtain frequency tunability (between 8.7 and 15.6 GHz) by applying a bias voltage on the active elements which brin gain (around 10 dB).

PhD. thesis is deals about sekond order ARC filters for cascade synthezis of Active filters. Here are presented new configurations of second order filters with current conveyors usable for higher frequencies and new second order filters with current conveyors usable for electrical tunable filters. In PhD. Thesis are presented schematics and equations for new sekond order filters. There are presented also practical realizations of these filters and basic measure results.