Increase the probability of prevent road accidents by installing autonomous systems in a vehicles is the current trend in the field of active safety with a focus on pedestrian safety. The work deals with the evaluation of intervention of active safety systém for pedestrian detection assembled in series production. Benefit of active safety systems to prevent road accidents can be achieved, for example, early warning driver of a potential collision situation sufficiently in advance to reaction and post-maneuver (braking, yaw, ..). The evaluation of the intervention of active safety systems, which aim to prevent an accident with a pedestrian is necessary to experimentally evaluate the behavior of these systems. The main objective of this work is to test the selected systém based on different types of reál accidents. Atthe time of the measurements and present, are not for experts and specialists in the field of road traffic accidents publicly accessible data about the behavior of such a systém. The work aims to evaluate the behavior of the Volvo systém in inducing reál traffic situations. For the evaluation of this systém are precisely analyzed fatal traffic accidents with pedestrians in the urban area (speed of vehicles up to 60 km/h). Simulated traffic situations by their nature cover the most common critical situations in urban traffic. Expert community and the professionals who deal with the solution of traffic accidents receive this work valuable data to deal with such accidents. Based on these measurements give more expert input data to solve a collision with a pedestrian. The basis for understanding the behavior are created graphs of distance, speed and time at a key moment of the collision. These key moments include entry a pedestrians to driving corridor of the vehicle, system's response to conflict situations, warn the driver and then autonomously brake active safety systém

Every year, approximately 34,000 individuals are fatally injured in crashes on US roads [1]. These fatalities occur across many types of crash scenarios, each with its own causation factors. One way to prioritize research on a preventive technology is to compare the number of occupant fatalities relative to the total number of occupants involved in a crash scenario. Four crash modes are overrepresented among fatalities: single vehicle road departure crashes, control loss crashes, cross-centerline head-on crashes, and pedestrian/cyclist crashes [2]. Interestingly, three of these crash scenarios require the subject vehicle to depart from the initial lane of travel. Lane departure warning (LDW) systems track the vehicle lane position and can alert the driver through audible and haptic feedback before the vehicle crosses the lane line. Lane departure prevention (LDP) systems can perform an automatic steering maneuver to prevent the departure. Another method of prioritizing research is to determine factors common among the fatal crashes. In 2017, 30.4% of passenger vehicle crash fatalities involved a vehicle rollover [1]. Half of all fatal single vehicle road departure crashes resulted in a rollover yet only 12% of fatal multi-vehicle crashes involved a rollover [1]. These often occur after the driver has lost control of the vehicle and departed the road. Electronic stability control (ESC) can provide different braking to each wheel and allow the vehicle to maintain heading. While ESC is a promising technology, some rollover crashes still occur. Passive safety systems such as seat belts, side curtain airbags, and stronger roofs work to protect occupants during rollover crashes. Seat belts prevent occupants from moving inside the occupant compartment during the rollover and both seat belts and side curtain airbags can prevent occupants from being ejected from the vehicle. Stronger roofs ensure that the roof is not displaced during the rollover and the integrity of the occupant compartment is maintained to prevent occupant ejection. The focus of this dissertation is to evaluate the effectiveness of vehicle-based countermeasures, such as lane departure warning and electronic stability control, for preventing or mitigating single vehicle road departure crashes, cross-centerline head-on crashes, and single vehicle rollover crashes. This was accomplished by understanding how drivers respond to both road departure and cross-centerline events in real-world crashes. These driver models were used to simulate real crash scenarios with LDW/LDP systems to quantify their potential crash reduction. The residual crashes, which are not avoided with LDW/LDP systems or ESC, were analyzed to estimate the occupant injury outcome. For rollover crashes, a novel injury model was constructed that includes modern passive safety countermeasures such as seat belts, side curtain airbags, and stronger roofs. The results for road departure, head-on, and control loss rollover crashes were used to predict the number of crashes and injured occupants in the future. This work is important for identifying the residual crashes that require further research to reduce the number of injured crash occupants. / Doctor of Philosophy / Every year in the US, approximately 34,000 individuals are fatally injured in many different types of crashes. However, some crash types are more dangerous than other crash types. Drift-out-of-lane (DrOOL) road departure crashes, control loss road departure crashes, head-on crashes, and pedestrian crashes are more likely to result in an occupant fatality than other crash modes. In three of these more dangerous crash types, the vehicle departs from the lane before the crash occurs. Lane departure warning (LDW) systems can detect when the vehicle is about to cross the lane line and notify the driver with beeping or vibrating the steering wheel. A different system, called lane departure prevention (LDP), can provide automatic steering to prevent the vehicle from leaving the lane or return lane. In control loss crashes, the vehicle's motion is in a different direction than the vehicle's heading. During control loss, it is easier for the vehicle to roll over which is very dangerous. Electronic stability control (ESC) can prevent control loss by applying selective braking to each tire to keep the vehicle's motion in the same direction as the vehicle's heading. If a rollover still occurs, vehicles are equipped with passive safety systems and designs such as seat belts, side curtain airbags, and stronger roofs to protect the people inside. Seat belts can prevent occupants from striking the vehicle interior during the rollover and both seat belts and side curtain airbags can prevent occupants from being ejected from the vehicle. Stronger roofs ensure that the roof is not displaced during the rollover to prevent occupants from being ejected from the vehicle. The focus of this dissertation is to estimate how many crashes LDW, LDP, and ESC systems could prevent. This was accomplished by understanding how drivers respond after leaving their lane in real crashes. Then, these real crash scenarios were simulated with an LDW or LDP system to estimate how many crashes were prevented. The occupants of residual crashes, which were not prevented by the simulated systems, were analyzed to estimate the number of occupants with at least one moderate injury. Understanding which crashes and injuries that were not prevented with this technology can be used to decide where future research should occur to prevent more fatalities in road departure, head-on and control loss crashes.