Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-01-31T21:34:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - H?LIO DE CRISTO.pdf: 1683839 bytes, checksum: e13e82bc51e9b67445cc46415207269f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-31T21:34:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - H?LIO DE CRISTO.pdf: 1683839 bytes, checksum: e13e82bc51e9b67445cc46415207269f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This paper aims to understand and reflect on processes of socialization that represent the paths and juvenile trajectories as dispositions to engage in militancy in groups, collectives, organizations and environmental movements. Therefore, the imbrication of the school is considered as a space of formal education and socialization of the generations regarding the discussions about the environment. The research is qualitative and structured in two stages: first, with the application of a socioeconomic profile questionnaire; later, semi-structured interviews, as key points for the construction of oral narratives of young people research subjects. The relationship between youth and the environment is studied - in this research - considering the categories militant engagement and political socialization for tools that contribute to the formation and construction of projects and life trajectories of young environmentalists like social and political subjects, starting from the historical and plural concept underlying the concept of youth. Because of the peculiarity of the categories discussed, the research is conducted with young people from the state of Bahia who actively participate in movements, groups and environmental projects located in different municipalities of Bahia. Thus, research is made from a socio-historical perspective, in which the environment is understood while a field of struggles and conflicts permeated by social, political, cultural, ethical and economic issues. The path of arrival to the processes of socialization that lead or motivate young people to engage in environmental activism is marked in this paper by the discussion of issues that intersect the encounter between youth and the environment as identity and life project, ethics and environmental education, youth condition and influence of socializing agencies in the training of ecological subjects. For this, the research focuses on the theoretical ideas and assumptions that constitute a broad and significant field for the construction of dialogues between sociological and pedagogical theories, which allow us to perceive which socialization processes compose and construct the juvenile dispositions in the field of militant environmentalist engagement. Through the narratives, it has been observed that school, family, social groups, participation in unions, youth associations and youth ministries influence the youth environmental activism engagement, as well as it has been shown that reflecting and developing actions that evokes the institutionalized political participation of youth environmentalist are needed. / O presente estudo busca compreender e refletir os processos de socializa??o que figuram os percursos e trajet?rias juvenis como disposi??es ao engajamento na milit?ncia em grupos, coletivos, organiza??es e movimentos ambientalistas. Neste sentido, pensa-se tamb?m na imbrica??o da escola enquanto espa?o educativo formal e de socializa??o das gera??es no que tange ?s discuss?es sobre meio ambiente. A pesquisa ? de cunho qualitativo e se estrutura, em duas etapas, quais sejam: a primeira, com a aplica??o de question?rio de perfil socioecon?mico e, posteriormente, a realiza??o de entrevistas semiestruturadas, enquanto eixo-chaves para a constru??o das narrativas orais dos jovens sujeitos da pesquisa. A rela??o entre juventude e meio ambiente ? estudada ? nesta pesquisa - considerando as categorias engajamento militante e socializa??o pol?tica como ferramentas que contribuem para a forma??o e constru??o dos projetos e trajet?rias de vida dos jovens ambientalistas enquanto sujeitos sociais e pol?ticos, partindo da natureza hist?rica e plural subjacente ao conceito de juventude. Dada ? peculiaridade das categorias abordadas, a pesquisa ? realizada com jovens do estado da Bahia que participam, ativamente, de movimentos, grupos e projetos ambientalistas situados em diferentes munic?pios baianos. Por isso, a pesquisa ? tecida em uma perspectiva s?cio-hist?rica, em que o meio ambiente ? entendido como campo de lutas e conflitos perpassado por quest?es sociais, pol?ticas, culturais, ?ticas e econ?micas. O caminho de chegada at? os processos de socializa??o que levam ou motivam os jovens a se engajarem na milit?ncia ambientalista ? marcado, neste trabalho, pela discuss?o de quest?es que interceptam o encontro entre a tem?tica juventude e meio ambiente como identidade e projeto de vida, ?tica e educa??o ambiental, condi??o juvenil e influ?ncia das ag?ncias socializadoras na forma??o dos sujeitos ecol?gicos. Para tal, a pesquisa se debru?a nas ideias e pressupostos te?ricos que se constituem como campo amplo e significativo ? constru??o de di?logos entre teorias sociol?gicas e pedag?gicas, que permitem perceber quais processos de socializa??o tecem e constroem as disposi??es juvenis no campo do engajamento militante ambientalista. Por meio das narrativas, percebeu-se que as rela??es escolares, familiares, com grupos de sociabilidades, participa??o em sindicatos, associa??es e pastorais da juventude influenciam no engajamento militante juvenil ambientalista, bem como h? necessidade de refletir e desenvolver a??es que evoquem a participa??o pol?tica institucionalizada da juventude ambientalista.

Cette thèse porte dans une perspective sociohistorique et ethnographique sur le mouvement piquetero en Argentine et ses transformations successives durant les années 2000 en un vaste réseau d’organisation prestataires de services. Ce mouvement est né des actions collectives des chômeurs et travailleurs précaires à la fin des années 1990 contre les effets des réformes « néolibérales » et tient son nom de l’un de ses modes de protestation privilégié, le barrage de route ou piquete. Dès ses débuts, les piqueteros ont fait l’objet d’un double traitement de la part de l’État, entre répression et récupération dans le cadre de la mise en place de programmes de transferts conditionnés des ressources (Conditional Cash Transfer Programs). Dans cette nouvelle configuration de l’action publique ciblée, il s’agit désormais pour l’État de déléguer la distribution des aides sociales aux organisations, au regard de leur proximité territoriale avec les populations précarisées. Or, cette thèse montre que ce rôle flou de guichet, qui tend à introduire d’une manière ou d’une autre de la concurrence entre les organisations, a ainsi rapidement contribué à fragmenter l’espace piquetero, et produit des effets ambivalents sur les pratiques et les trajectoires des participants. La thèse s’appuie sur des méthodes mixtes, qualitatives et quantitatives, à partir d’une enquête de terrain menée pendant 40 mois, entre 2000 et 2015, dans deux provinces argentines. D’une part, à travers une ethnographie et des entretiens biographiques approfondis auprès des leaders, des délégués et des militants de la base (N=104), nous avons observé les interactions entre ces différentes catégories. Une prosopographie des leaders (N=76) nous a, d’autre part, permis à partir des méthodes statistiques de l’analyse factorielle (ACM) et de la classification (CAH) de rendre compte de la structuration de cet espace des organisations. Dans une première partie, la thèse s’attache – à l’appui d’archives et d’entretiens – à mettre en lumière les conditions de possibilité de la cristallisation progressive d’un mouvement social en un espace d’organisations. Nous avons cherché ici à appréhender le contexte, les enjeux et les moyens d’action de ce mouvement contestataire, en rapportant son inscription à l’évolution depuis le début du XXè siècle des rapports entre État, partis politiques et syndicats. La deuxième partie de la thèse est, elle, consacrée à l’analyse des pratiques militantes et des formes d’encadrement au sein des organisations. L’ouverture de la boîte noire des organisations révèle ainsi à quel point leur fonctionnement interne résulte de la capacité d’un ensemble d’intermédiaires à mener un travail de représentation, de mobilisation et de gestion des ressources vis-à-vis de certaines fractions des classes populaires particulièrement disposées à s’engager dans la durée. L’examen statistique des trajectoires de leaders nous renseigne par ailleurs sur les ressources nécessaires à l’occupation d’un tel poste et aussi sur ce que l’engagement fait aux parcours individuels. Enfin, une troisième partie a servi à appréhender les pratiques associatives au sein des organisations. Restituer les logiques de recrutement et les profils des recrutés a donné à voir dans la durée aussi bien les conditions de l’engagement de ces chômeurs et travailleurs précaires que les effets sur leurs trajectoires. L’observation des pratiques notamment lors des assemblées permet de montrer les principes d’encadrement tendus entre militantisme et entreprenariat qui pèsent sur les participants. Si cette fraction de précaires témoigne au sein des classes populaires de formes de mobilisation et de résistance particulièrement exemplaires, ils tendent également à déployer des modalités d’accommodement aux organisations, différenciées suivant leur socialisation et le volume et la nature de leurs ressources. / This thesis discusses the Piquetero movement in Argentina and its successive transformations during the 2000s into an extensive network of service provider organizations throughout the territory from a sociohistorical and ethnographic perspective. This movement was born out of the collective actions of the unemployed and precarious workers in the late 1990s against the effects of "neoliberal" reforms, and takes its name from one of their preferred modes of protest, the roadblock or picket. Since its beginnings, the Piquetero movement has been the subject of a double treatment by the State, between repression and recovery in the context of the establishment of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs. In this new configuration of targeted public action, it is now up to the State to delegate the distribution of social assistance to a network of organizations, given their territorial proximity to the underprivileged populations. However, this thesis shows that this fuzzy wicket role, which tends to introduce in one way or another the competition amid the organizations, has thus quickly contributed to fragment the piquetero space, and produces ambivalent effects on the practices and the trajectories of the participants. The thesis is based on mixed methods, qualitative and quantitative, from a large 40-month field survey conducted between 2000 and 2015 in two Argentinian provinces. On the one hand, through an ethnography and in-depth biographical interviews with leaders, delegates and grassroots activists (N=104), we observed the interactions between these different categories. A prosopography of the leaders (N=76) allowed us, on the other hand, from the statistical methods of factor analysis (ACM) and hierarchical classification (CAH), to report on the structuring of this space of organizations. In the first part, the thesis focuses – with the support of archives and interviews – on the conditions of the gradual crystallization of a social movement into a space of organizations. We sought here to understand the context, the stakes and the means of action of this protest movement, relating its inscription to the evolution since the beginning of the XXth century of the relations between State, political parties and unions. The second part of our thesis is devoted to the analysis of activist practices and forms of supervision within organizations. The opening of the black box of the organizations thus reveals to what extent their internal functioning results from the capacity of a set of intermediaries to carry out a work of representation, mobilization and management of resources among working classes particularly willing to engage in the long term. The statistical examination of the trajectories of leaders also informed us about the resources that were necessary to occupy such a position and also about the effects of their engagement to their individual trajectories. Finally, a third part serves to apprehend associative practices within organizations. Restoring the recruiting logics and the profiles of the recruits has shown in the long term both the conditions of the commitment of these unemployed and precarious workers and the effects on their trajectories. The observation of practices, especially during assemblies, shows the principles of supervision stretched between activism and entrepreneurship which weighed on the participants. If this fraction of precarious people testifies within the working classes of forms of mobilization and resistance particularly exemplary, they also tend to deploy modes of accommodation to organizations, differentiated according to their socialization, and the volume and nature of their resources.